The document compares the philosophies of idealism and realism in education as espoused by Plato and Aristotle. Plato's idealism holds that ideas are the only truth and that knowledge is derived independently of sense experience, focusing on developing students intellectually and morally. Aristotle's realism believes that physical matter is the ultimate reality and that knowledge comes from observing the natural world, aiming to teach essential facts and skills to understand nature. Both philosophies view education as developing the individual but emphasize different approaches and priorities.

2. DIVINA GRACIA D. DIZON

3. our beliefs about why,
what and how we teach,
whom we teach, and about
the nature of learning
a set of principles that
guides professional action
through the events and
issues teachers face daily

4. Plato
Aristotle
Socrates

5. holds that ideas are the only truth
the only constant for Plato was mathematics,
unchangeable and eternal
Plato’s method of dialogue engaged in
systematic, logical examination of all points of
view…ultimately leading to agreement and a
synthesis of ideas…this approach known as the
dialectic.

6. AIMS OF EDUCATION To discover and develop each individual’s abilities and full moral
excellence
to search for truth and further the character development of
learners
CURRICULUM based upon the spiritual nature of man
Subject-centered
TEACHING METHODS Focus on handling ideas through lecture. Discussion and Socratic
dialogue
Character is developed through imitating examples and heroes
ROLE OF TEACHER To serve as a guide for immature learners, judge important
material, and model appropriate behavior.
expected to be an excellent and all around person
INSTRUCTIONAL holistic, seeks to develop critical thinkers, and deals with broad
PROCESS concepts rather than specific skills

7.  holds that reality exists independent of the human
mind; matter in the universe is real and independent
of man’s ideas.
 Aristotle was the leading proponent of realism,
started the Lyceum, the first philosopher to develop
a systematic theory of logic
 Generic Notions…only through studying the material
world is it possible to clarify or develop ideas…matter
is real independent of ideas

8. AIMS OF EDUCATION to understand the world through inquiry, verify ideas in the
world of experience, teach things that are essential and practical,
and develop the learner’s rational power
CURRICULUM Emphasizes the subject matter of the physical world, particularly
science and mathematics
TEACHING METHODS Focus on mastery of facts and basic skills through demonstration
and recitation
ROLE OF THE TEACHER Organizes and presents content systematically within a
discipline, demonstrating use of criteria in making decisions
INSTRUCTIONAL seeks to teach fundamentals, encourage specialization, and to
PROCESS teach the scientific method

9. All material things are  Propositions are true only if they
explainable correspond with known facts
Ultimate reality is spiritual.  Physical matter is the ultimate
Nature possesses meaning and reality. Nature and science are
purpose. real.
knowledge is independent  knowledge is derived through
of sense experience sense experince
start with the idea and ends  starts with a thing and end up
with thing with idea
universe as being made of  an attempt to portray life as it is
mind or reason  Recognizes the importance of
high regard for individuality individual education
and freedom in education

10. must provide for the  to provide man with the
development of the mind essential knowledge he
of every pupil needs to survive in
should develop the nature
potentiality of man
emphasize the
intellectual, moral and
aesthetic judgment of the
pupil

11. IDEALISM REALISM
AIMS OF EDUCATION  True ideas  truth of the natural and
Rational process physical world
Self – realization Scientific method
 Character Development Basic skills and facts
( wisdom, moral conviction,  Character Development
good will and loyalty) ( accountability and
preparedness )
METHODS OF EDUCATION  self-directed learning  direct teaching
 depth over breath Essential information
CURRICULUM  critical thinking Practical and useful
 reading and writing  3 R’s
ROLE OF THE TEACHER Role models (intellectual and  subject matter expert
moral )