Realism is a philosophy that believes reality exists objectively and independently of the mind. Realists such as Aristotle believe we can know reality through our senses and reason. Realism influenced education by advocating for a curriculum of organized academic subjects to best represent reality. Realist educators emphasize direct teaching methods and believe education should prepare students for the practical realities of life. The role of the teacher is to be a subject matter expert who presents information in a logical way to students.

2. M Phil Education: 1st Semester
Subject: Foundation of Education
Topic: Realism and Education
Presented to : Dr. Sajjad Ullah
Presented by: Zahid Shah
Role No: 10168
AbasynUniversityPeshawerDepartmentofEducation

4.  Proponents:, Aristotle, Aquinas, Broudy, Maritain,
Pestalozzi,
 Aristotle (384-322 BC) was student of Plato and Tutor of
Alexander the great. Aristotle Hold that reality exist
objectively. Realism want to prepare learner to live life as an
objective reality. Aristotle is father of scientific method.
 Realism is general philosophy which deals, and discuss about
reality, knowledge, education, society, politics, universe etc.
 Educational realism is actually applied Realism.

5.  Objectives:
 After the presentation the participant will be
able:
 To describe Realism.
 To state the relationship of realism and
education.

6.  Metaphysics: Ontology.
 It is branch of Philosophy which ask question about nature,
origin of things, what is man, what is death? What is the Nature
of God? Etc.
 Means After the Physics or Beyond the physics or Beyond
material world.
 Realism holds the idea that material world is independent and
external to the knower mind.‫۔‬
 Matter is the ultimate reality. Reality is objective and composed
of matter and form, it is fixed based on natural laws.
 All objects is composed of matter which in turn combination of
different particles of other object.


7.  Epistemology
 Branch of Philosophy which deals with the nature of knowledge.
What is knowledge, what is source of knowledge, what kind of
knowledge is worthy and what is not.
 How individual can acquire knowledge?
 Human being can know these things through sensation and reason.
 Knowing involve two stages sensation and abstraction. First the
knower perceive an object and records sensory data about it in the
mind such as weight, sound, smell, color, taste, size.
 The mind sorts these data into qualities always present in the
object and those sometimes present. By identifying the necessary
qualities (those always present), the learner forms a concept of the
object and recognizes it as belonging to a certain class.

8.  Axiology (Ethics and Aesthetic)
 (what is good, or bad, ugly or beauty?)
 Realist do not believe in ideal values. They would like to discover
values in the immediate social life.
 The external world consisting of men and matter would provide the
framework for value discovery and value realization.
 Value should be universal. It should be acceptable to all people of
the world as value. It is not coming from super force.
 .

9. Realism and Curriculum
Curriculum:( Subject Matter, What to be thought?)
 A Subject matter curriculum stress on humanistic and
scientific disciplines.
 Organization of Subjects:
Realists believe that studying a curriculum of organized,
separate subjects is the most effective way to learn about reality.
Organizing subject matter, as scientists and scholars do, is a
sophisticated method of classifying objects.
 For example, past human experiences can be organized into
history. Botany studies plants systematically according to their
classifications.

10. • Curricula should be practical and useful.
• Curricula should concentrate on the “Basics” and avoid fads and
frills.
• Curricula should be highly organized, correlated and aligned
throughout the scope and sequence offered by schools.
• Curricula should be based upon pre-established standards and
criteria.
• Curricula should be “experiential” whenever possible.
• At childhood physical activities and music should be include in
their education which will inculcate emotional disposition in him.
• At 7 to fifteen they should be learn basic numeric, literacy, Social
norms.
• Age fifteen to twenty one they should study mathematics, geometry,
astronomy, grammar, literature, poetry, ethics, and politics.
• At age twenty-one, students would proceed to more theoretical
subjects, such as physics, cosmology, biology, psychology, logic,
and meta physics.

11.  Realist do not believe in general or common aims of education. Aims are
specific to each individual and his perspectives. The teacher, parent,
political leader have different perspective.
 Dr. Broudy define the common aim of education is preparation for the
Good life.
 What constitute a good life and how to realize it.
 He suggest that one must study the nature of healthy personality. A
healthy personality is capable of leading a good life. This good life is
governed by four principles.
 Self preservation, self determination, self realization and self integration.
 Self preservation is an appetite principle and is the physiological base of
a healthy personality.


12.  Self determination guides the person to visualize reality and
understand his strengths and limitations. The individual would
develop a free will based on his reality perception. Free will does
not mean the ability to do whatever one desire. It is the means to
carry out well thought-out decisions. It is the willingness to work
hard, to avoid routine and to plan one’s actions.
 Self realization as it is used by realists has a different meaning than
implied by the idealists. Every one have some cognitive
potentiality and they are different from other person strength and
weaknesses. The realization of these potentiality is called self
realization.
 Self actualization refers to the integrated development of an
individual.
 Character development and vocational efficiency is also an aims of
education.

13. • Realism and Method of Teaching
• Direct teaching techniques are preferable.
• Students should be presented information in an organized,
efficient and logical format.
• Given the “information overload” in today’s society, it is
important that “non-essential” learning should be eliminated.
• Students should be taught based upon their strengths and abilities.
• Scientific testing should be used to diagnose and place students in
settings most appropriate to their needs
• Technology should be utilized whenever appropriate in schools`

14.  Views about students:
 Realists holds that human possess intellect the power to think
and reason. They have the potential to know and to live
according to natural law governing the universe.
 Views about woman Education:
 Believing women were intellectually inferior to men, Aristotle
was concerned only with male education. Girls were to be
trained to perform the household and child-rearing duties
necessary for their future roles as wives and mothers.

15. • Realism and Teacher Role
• A Realist teacher should be a subject matter expert.
• A Realist teachers should be able to present material in
an organized and systematic way.
• A Realist teacher should be able to explain the lesson
objectives in a way that is understandable to the learner.
• A Realist teacher should be able to effectively assess
students in such a way that all students are challenged
and motivated to learn.
• A Realist teacher should understand current research and
technology and be able to utilize it in the classroom.

16.  Conclusion:
 After studying the topic of realism and education I came to
conclusion that education is not haphazard, static activity. It
has some sound foundational basis on which the building of
education is established.
 Realism focus on matter is the ultimate reality. To reached to
any reality or truth we should not ignore the material world
in which we live. This philosophy is oppose to idealism in
some constituent parts.
 Every one is a philosopher whether the aware of it or not.
Every one have a beliefs, purpose for something in their
mind. Which motivate them to do something or to avoid.

17.  References
 www.google.com/realism&education.ppt retrived 06/11/2016
 Apple, Michael W. Democratic Education in a Conservative
Age. New York and London: Routledge, 2000.
 Barrow, Robin, and Ronald G.Woods. An Introduction to
Philosophy of Education. New York: Routledge, 2006.
 William G Samuelson, Fred A. Markowitz. An Introduction to
Philosophy in education.
 Breed, Frederick, S, Educatioan the new realism, New York,
Macmillan, 1939.
 M, Anshu, K Hemant, U.C Vashishtha Educational
Philosophy APH Publishing corporation 4435-36/7, Ansari
Road, Darya Gangj