ELEMENTS OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING MCQ QUESTIONS AND ANSWERS

1. GOJAN SCHOOL OF BUSINESS AND TECHNOLOGY
DEPARTMENT OF AERONAUTICAL
ODD SEM 2020-2021
AE 8302 ELEMENTS OF AERONAUTICAL ENGINEERING
MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. Who is the founder of Science of Aerodynamics in 1799?
Albert Williams
Sir George Cayley
Williams Rabert
ANS-Sir George Cayley
2. Who separate the four forces acting on any flight vehicle?
Albert Williams
Sir George Cayley
Williams Rabert
ANS-Sir George Cayley
3. Who build the first passenger glider in 1803?
Albert Williams
Sir George Cayley
Williams Rabert
ANS-Sir George Cayley
4. Who build the first controlled flight in a glider in 1803?
Jhon J Montgomery
Sir George Cayley
Otto Lilienthal
ANS- Jhon J Montgomery
5. Who build the first successful aircraft in 1903
Wright Brothers
Santos Dumont
Otto Lilienthal
ANS- Wright Brothers
6. Ornithopter concept was created by
Wright Brothers

2. Santos Dumont
Otto Lilienthal
ANS- Otto Lilienthal
7. Balloon concept was created and succeeded by
Montgolfier brothers
Wright Brothers
Otto Lilienthal
ANS- Montgolfier brothers
8. Who add power plant to glider design
Samuel Langely
Wright Brothers
Otto Lilienthal
ANS- Samuel Langely
9. Which book is written by Octave Chanute
Introduction to flight
Progress in flying Machine
Evolution of lift
ANS- Progress in flying Machine
10. The first successful powered flight in the year of
1895
1903
1900
ANS-1903
11.Power driven aircraft is under
Lighter than Air
Heavier than Air
ANS- Heavier than Air
12. Non Power driven aircraft is under
Lighter than Air
Heavier than Air
ANS-Heavier than Air

3. 13.Man Power driven aircraft is under
Lighter than Air
Heavier than Air
ANS- Heavier than Air
14. Free Balloon is under
Lighter than Air
Heavier than Air
ANS- Lighter than Air
15. Ornithopter is under
Lighter than Air
Heavier than Air
ANS- Heavier than Air
16. Vertical speed indicator is used to determine the
Climbing and Decending
Height of an airplane
Speed of an Airplane
ANS- Climbing and Decending
17. Altimeter is used to determine the
Climbing and Decending
Height of an airplane
Speed of an Airplane
ANS - Height of an airplane
18. Airspeed indicator is used to determine the
Static Pressure & Impact Pressure
Height of an airplane
Speed of an Airplane

4. ANS- Static Pressure & Impact Pressure
19. Aileron is fixed in
Wing
Tail
Fuselage
ANS- Wing
20.Flap is fixed in
Tail
Wing
Fuselage
ANS- WING
21.Rudder is
Vertical Stabilizer
Horizontal Stabilizer
Fuselage Controller
ANS- Vertical Stabilizer
22. Elevator is
Vertical Stabilizer
Horizontal Stabilizer
Fuselage Controller
ANS- Horizontal Stabilizer
23.Engine fixed in
Fuselage
Tail Unit
Wing
ANS- Wing
24.Primary control surface is
Rudder
wing
Flap

5. ANS- Rudder
25. Secondary control surface is
Rudder
wing
Flap
ANS- Flap
26. Trim Tab is
Primary Control Surface
Secondary Control Surface
ANS- Secondary Control Surface
27.Yawing control means
to turn left right
to turn up down
to roll
ANS- to turn left right
28.Pitching control means
to turn left right
to turn up down
to roll
ANS- to turn up down
29.Aileron controls
Lateral Stability
Directional Stability
Longitudinal Stability
ANS- Longitudinal Stability

6. 30.Rudder controls
Lateral Stability
Directional Stability
Longitudinal Stability
ANS- Directional Stability
31.Elevator controls
Lateral Stability
Directional Stability
Longitudinal Stability
ANS- Longitudinal Stability
32.Cross section of a wing is called
Airfoil
rudder
Elevator
ANS- Airfoil
33. Subsonic
M<0.8
0.8-1.2
M>1
M>5
ANS- M<0.8
34.Transonic
M<0.8
0.8-1.2
M>1
M>5
ANS-0.8-1.2
35.Supersonic
M<0.8
0.8-1.2
M>1.3
M>5

7. ANS-0.8-1.2
36.Hypersonic
M<0.8
0.8-1.2
M>1.3
M>5
ANS- M>5
37.Troposphere upto
16Km
51Km
85Km
600Km
500Km
ANS-16Km
38. Stratosphere upto.
16Km
51Km
85Km
600Km
500Km
ANS-51KM
39.Mesosphere upto
16Km
51Km
85Km
600Km
500Km
ANS-85Km
40.Thermosphere upto
16Km
51Km
85Km
600Km
500Km
ANS-600KM

8. 41.Exosphere upto
16Km
51Km
85Km
600Km
500Km
ANS-500KM
42.Lift is a
Forward motion
Backward motion
Downward motion
Upward motion
ANS- Upward motion
43.Drag is a
Forward motion
Backward motion
Downward motion
Upward motion
ANS- Backward motion
44.Weight is a
Forward motion
Backward motion
Downward motion
Upward motion
ANS- Downward motion
45. Thrust is a
Forward motion
Backward motion
Downward motion
Upward motion
ANS- Forward motion
46.Example for air breathing engine – JET ENGINE
47.Example for non air breathing engine- ROCKET ENGINE

9. 48.NACA means – NATIONAL ADVISORY COMMITTEE FOR AERONAUTICS
49.ISA means – INTERNATIONAL STANDARD ATMOSPHERE
50. For a jet engine Consist of components in order of Diffuser-Compressor - Turbine-
Combustion Chamber - Nozzle is this correct or wrong?
Correct
Wrong
ANS –WRONG
51.How are the electronic signals transmitted in a FBW system?
Manually
Using radars
Using sensors
Using wires
Answer: d
Explanation: The electronic signals are transmitted using wires, in a FBW system. In order to transmit
these flight controls, they need to be first converted into electronic signals.
52. Conventional flight control systems require pilot’s involvement.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: True, the conventional flight control systems require pilot’s involvement. However,
modern fly by wire systems do not require the pilot’s involvement, and hence reduce workload.
53.Which of the following is the world’s largest airliner?
a) Airbus A350
b) Airbus A320
c) Airbus A380
d) Airbus A340
Answer:c
Explanation: The Airbus A380 is the world’s largest airliner. The first A380 prototype was unveiled in
Toulouse, France on 18 January 2005, with its first flight on 27 April 2005.

10. 4.Which of the following is the largest aircraft by weight?
a) Boeing 777
b) Antonov An-225 Mriya
c) Airbus A380
d) MD 80
Answer:b
Explanation: The Antonov An-225 Mriya is the largest aircraft by weight. It is also the largest regular
fixed-wing aircraft ever built. The aircraft is equipped with six engines.
55. Which of the following aircraft holds the record for the fastest recorded powered aircraft
flight?
a) Lockheed SR-71 Blackbird
b) Sukhoi 30
c) Concorde
d) NASA X-43A Pegasus
Answer: d
Explanation: The NASA X-43A Pegasus aircraft holds the record for the fastest recorded powered
aircraft flight. The aircraft broke its own world record of Mach 6.3 set in March 2004.
56. Engine fuel is usually stored in the wings but some aircraft have additional fuel tanks in the
________
a) Undercarriage
b) Tail
c) Fuselage
d) Nose
Answer: c
Explanation: Engine fuel is usually stored in the wings but some aircraft have additional fuel tanks in the
fuselage. Generally, larger aircrafts, like the A380 have these additional fuel tanks.
57. Yaw is a rotation about the ________ axis.
a) Vertical

11. b) Longitudinal
c) Horizontal
d) Diagonal
Answer: a
Explanation: Yaw is a rotation about the vertical axis. It gives a side-to-side movement of the nose
known as sideslip. The yaw axis is one of the three principle axes of an aircraft.
58. Pitch of an aircraft is based on its angle of attack.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: True, the pitch of an aircraft is based on its angle of attack. It gives an up down movement
of the aircraft nose measured by the angle of attack.
59. Which of the following is not true about fly by wire systems?
a) Improved safety
b) High maintenance costs
c) Lighter in weight
d) Reliable
Answer: b
Explanation: Fly by wire systems offer low maintenance costs as compared to conventional controls and
also improve efficiency by being lighter in weight.
60. A rotary wing is typically unstable in ________
a) Yaw
b) Roll
c) Pitch
d) Bank
Answer: a

12. Explanation: A rotary wing is typically unstable in yaw. Such wings usually require a vertical stabilizer
in order to balance the unstable yaw. In case the yaw is unbalanced, the aircraft may go out of control
and crash.
61. Control systems are sometimes also used to increase or decrease ________
a) Altitude
b) Airspeed
c) Drag
d) Thrust
Answer: c
Explanation: The control systems are sometimes also used to increase or decrease drag. One such
application is slowing the aircraft to a safe speed for landing.
62. The tail section is also referred to as __________
a) Undercarriage
b) Cockpit
c) Rudder
d) Empennage
Answer: d
Explanation: The tail section is also referred to as empennage. It is a structure that provides stability
during flying phases. The section involves both horizontal and vertical control surfaces.
63. Avionics are generally electrical in nature.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: True, avionics are generally electrical in nature. Avionic equipment’s have a vital role in
making modern aircrafts more efficient and reliable. These equipment’s are costlier as compared to other
older equipments.

13. 64. Which was the first commercial aircraft with 50% of its structure weight made of carbon-fiber
composite?
a) Boeing 777
b) Boeing 787
c) Boeing 747
d) Airbus A380
Answer: b
Explanation: The Boeing 787 was the first commercial aircraft with 50% of its structure weight made of
carbon-fiber composites, along 20% Aluminum and 15% titanium. It first flew in 2009.
65. What material is used for aircraft fuselage?
a) Aluminum alloys
b) Titanium alloys
c) Silver alloys
d) Metal alloys
Answer: a
Explanation: The aircraft fuselage is made of aluminum alloys along with other materials such as Zn,
Mg and Cu. However modern aircrafts have started using carbon fiber materials in order to decrease the
aircraft weight and in turn increase performance.
66. Wings are responsible for creating lift.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The wings of an aircraft are responsible for producing lift. Many different styles and
arrangements of wings have been used on heavier than air aircrafts. Some lighter than air aircraft also
have wings.
67. Landing gears are also known as __________
a) Stabilizers

14. b) Empennage
c) Undercarriage
d) Aileron
Answer: c
Explanation: The landing gears are also known as undercarriage. It is the structure that supports an
aircraft when it is not flying and allows it to take off, land and taxi.
68. Which of the following is not true about an airframe made with carbon-fiber composite?
a) Decreases drag
b) Decreases thrust
c) Higher cabin pressurization
d) Higher wing aspect ratio
Answer: b
Explanation: Carbon-fiber material allows for a lower-drag along with higher wing aspect ratio and
higher cabin pressurization. However, these materials have no effect on thrust.
69. Which of the following supports an aircraft on the ground?
a) Rudder
b) Engines
c) Aileron
d) Landing gear
Answer: d
Explanation: Landing gear is the structure that supports an aircraft when it is not flying and allows it to
manoeuvre on the ground. Most commonly, wheels are used but other equipment such as floats and
skids can also be used, depending on the surface.
70. The fuselage of an aircraft contains the engines.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a

15. Explanation: The fuselage is an aircraft’s main body section containing the cockpit or flight deck along
with the passenger cabin and cargo hold. It also often contains the engine(s).
71. Which was the first widely produced general aviation aircraft manufactured with all composite
construction?
a) Boeing 787
b) Airbus A350
c) Cirrus SR20
d) Bombardier CRJ700
Answer: c
Explanation: The first widely produced aviation aircraft with all composite construction was Cirrus
SR20. It first flew in 1995 and has a cruise speed of 287km/h.
72. What do winglets do?
a) Increase thrust
b) Reduce turbulence at the tips of an airplane’s wings
c) Decrease thrust
d) Increase turbulence at the tips of an airplane’s wings
Answer: b
Explanation: The purpose of winglets is to reduce turbulence at the tips of an airplane’s wings. Winglets
and sharklets are similar to each other. The wingtip vortices created by a large aircraft are strong enough
to flip a smaller aircraft that maybe flying closely. Winglets are responsible to break these vortices
thereby reducing drag on the airplane.
73. The earliest aircraft were constructed primarily of __________
a) Steel
b) Aluminum
c) Steel
d) Wood
Answer: d
Explanation: The earliest aircraft were constructed primarily of wood. Many newly certified aircraft are
built from moulded composite materials, such as carbon fiber and titanium alloys.
74. Stabilizing tail is also known as __________

16. a) Rudder
b) Empennage
c) Aileron
d) Wingtip
Answer: b
Explanation: The stabilizing tail is also known as the empennage. It is a structure at the rear end of an
aircraft that provides stability during flight, in a way similar to the feathers on an arrow.
75. Which of the following is not a retraction system for landing gear?
a) Hydraulic retraction system
b) Thermal retraction system
c) Manual retraction system
d) Electrical retraction system
Answer: b
Explanation: Aircraft retraction systems can be manually, electrically or hydraulically operated.
However, there are no thermal retraction systems in aircrafts. The retraction systems are required to
reduce drag.
76. Airframe of an aircraft is its __________ structure.
a) Electrical
b) Mechanical
c) Thermal
d) Hydraulic
Answer: b
Explanation: The airframe of an aircraft is its mechanical structure. The airframe comprises of the
fuselage, wings, and undercarriage and excludes the propulsion system.
77. Why does the landing gear retract into the wings and/or fuselage during flight?
a) To decrease drag
b) To increase airspeed
c) To decrease airspeed

17. d) To generate more thrust
Answer: a
Explanation: Aircrafts have landing gear that retract into the wings and/or fuselage to decrease drag
during flight. Drag slows down the aircraft, thus increasing the flying time between two places.
78. Which of the following is not a part of the airframe?
a) Fuselage
b) Wing
c) Stabilizing tail
d) Landing gear
Answer: d
Explanation: The main parts of the airframe are the fuselage, wing, stabilizing tail and undercarriage.
The landing gear is not a part of the airframe.
79. How many types of gas turbine engines are manufactured?
a) 2
b) 4
c) 1
d) 10
Answer: b
Explanation: There are four types of gas turbine engines: the turbojet, the turbofan, the turboprop, and
the turboshaft.
80. CFM56-3 is a turbofan engine.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: The CFM56 series is a family of high-bypass turbofan aircraft engines made by CFM
International. CFM International is a French-American company headquartered in Cincinnati, Ohio,
United States.
81. Rolls-Royce Trent 800 engine generates a maximum thrust of __________

18. a) 9,500lb
b) 95,000lb
c) 950lb
d) 9,50,000lb
Answer: b
Explanation: The Rolls-Royce Trent 800 engine generates a maximum thrust of 95,000lb. It was
designed to be used on the Boeing 777 and was first produced in 1996.
82. High-bypass turbofans are usually most efficient when the aircraft is traveling at __________
a) 500-550 mph
b) 50-55 mph
c) 20-25 mph
d) 200-250 mph
Answer: a
Explanation: High-bypass turbofans are usually most efficient when the aircraft is traveling at 500 to 550
miles per hour (800 to 885 km/h) i.e. the cruise speed of most large airliners.
83. In general aviation, the dominant manufacturer of turboprop engines has been __________
a) Maserati
b) Pratt & Whitney
c) Boeing
d) Airbus
Answer: b
Explanation: In general aviation, the dominant manufacturer of turboprop engines has been Pratt &
Whitney. However, General Electric in 2015 its entrance into the market.
84. Turboshaft engines are used primarily for __________
a) UAVs
b) Commercial aircrafts
c) Cars

19. d) Helicopters
Answer: d
Explanation: Turboshaft engines are used primarily for helicopter. A turboshaft engine is similar to a
turboprop in principle, but in turboshaft the engine does not provide any physical support to the
helicopter’s rotors.
85. What is the full form of TEL?
a) Tetraethyllead
b) Tetraethylenelead
c) Tetraethollead
d) Tetraethanelead
Answer: a
Explanation: Tetraethyllead (TEL) is blended with aviation gasoline, to be used as a fuel for aircrafts.
The blend increases the fuel efficiency.
86. An aircraft engine generates __________ power.
a) Electrical
b) Mechanical
c) Thermal
d) Hydraulic
Answer: b
Explanation: An aircraft engine is a component of the propulsion system for an aircraft that generates
mechanical power. The power generated is used to keep the aircraft flying high in the air.
87. The General Electric GE90 is a family of high-bypass __________ aircraft engines.
a) Turboshaft
b) Turboprop
c) Turbojet
d) Turbofan
Answer: d

20. Explanation: The General Electric GE90 is a family of high-bypass turbofan aircraft engines. It is built
for the Boeing 777 by GE aviation. The engine offers thrust ratings from 81,000 to 115,000 lb.
88. The Rolls-Royce Trent 900 is one of the power plant options for which of the following?
a) Airbus A380
b) Boeing 747
c) Airbus A320
d) Airbus A350
Answer: a
Explanation: The Rolls-Royce Trent 900 is a turbofan engine and is one of the power plant options
available for the Airbus A380. Another power plant option for the A380 is the Engine Alliance GP7000.
89. Which is the largest jet engine in the world?
a) GE90
b) Trent 800
c) PW4000
d) GE9X
Answer: d
Explanation: The GE9X is the largest jet engine in the world, it is as wide as the body of a Boeing 737.
The engine is manufactured by General Electric for the Boeing 777X.
90. A turboprop is very efficient when operated at cruise speed of __________
a) 200-400 mph
b) 20-40 mph
c) 10-100 mph
d) 600-800 mph
Answer: a
Explanation: Turboprops are extremely efficient when operated at cruise speeds of 200 to 400 mph. This
is the ideal cruise speed for such engines, thus providing such efficiency.

21. 91. In jet engines the oxygen necessary for fuel combustion comes from the air.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: True, in jet engines the oxygen necessary for fuel combustion comes from the air. The jet
engines take in required oxygen through the engine blades and the process of combustion takes place.
92. The last airliner that used turbojets was the __________
a) Boeing 737
b) Airbus A330
c) Concorde
d) Boeing 767
Answer: c
Explanation: Concorde was the last airliner that used turbojet. The Mach 2 airspeed offered by Concorde
proved the engine to be highly efficient. Other aircrafts could not match such airspeeds.
93. Which of the following is not an aircraft engine manufacturer?
a) BMW
b) General Electric
c) Pratt & Whitney
d) Rolls-Royce
Answer: a
Explanation: In commercial aviation, the major players in the manufacturing of turbofan engines are
Pratt & Whitney, General Electric, Rolls-Royce, and CFM International.
94. Which of the following is a part of the wing assembly of an aircraft?
a) Stabilizer
b) Edge flaps
c) Rudder
d) Elevator

22. Answer: d
Explanation: The edge flaps are a part of the wing assembly of an aircraft. They are used to increase the
lift of an aircraft. Stabilizer, rudder and elevator are all situated at the rear of an aircraft and are a part of
the tail assembly.
95. The primary control of yaw is with the __________
a) Aileron
b) Elevator
c) Rudder
d) Elevon
Answer: c
Explanation: The primary control of yaw is with the rudder. Yaw changes the direction in which the
aircraft’s nose is pointing. In addition to the rudder, ailerons also have an effect on the yaw.
96. An aircraft is turned right or left, using the aileron.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: True, ailerons are used to steer the aircraft either left or right. They are mounted on the
edge of each wing and work in opposite directions. Raising the aileron, reduces the lift on the wing and
lowering the aileron, increases the lift.
97. The term canard is used to describe the __________ configuration of an aircraft.
a) Seating
b) Wing
c) Flap
d) Engine
Answer: b
Explanation: Canard refers to a wing arrangement in aircrafts. In canard configuration, a small forewing
is placed ahead of the main wing. The Wright Flyer of 1903 had a canard arrangement.
98. What is the full form of UAVs?

23. a) Unmanned air vehicles
b) Uncharted aerial vehicles
c) Uncharted air vehicles
d) Unmanned aerial vehicles
Answer: d
Explanation: UAVs refers to unmanned aerial vehicles. These are vehicles without a human pilot on
board. Examples of UAVs are spaceships and drones. They are controlled using a ground based
controller and a communication system.
99. Which of the following is not a secondary control?
a) Slats
b) Ailerons
c) Spoilers
d) Air brakes
Answer: b
Explanation: The ailerons are part of the primary cockpit flight controls. The roll and pitch of the aircraft
can be adjusted using the ailerons. Slats, spoilers and air brakes are part of the secondary flight controls.
100. Drag is increased so as to __________
a) Slow the aircraft to a safe speed for landing
b) Decrease turbulence
c) Accelerate the aircraft to a safe speed for landing
d) Increase thrust
Answer: a
Explanation: Drag is increased so as to slow the aircraft to a safe speed for landing. Drag offers negative
impact to the airspeed thus slowing down the aircraft, thereby offering a safe landing.
101. Which of the following controls the pitch of an aircraft?
a) Flaps
b) Rudder
c) Spoiler

24. d) Elevator
Answer: d
Explanation: The elevator is a flight control surface controlling the pitch of an aircraft. It is also
responsible for adjusting the angle of attack, and hence the lift of an aircraft. It is usually located at the
ear of an aircraft.
102. The combination of ailerons and elevators is called __________
a) Alevon
b) Spoiler
c) Elevon
d) Rudder
Answer: c
Explanation: The combination of ailerons and elevators is called elevon. Their respective control inputs
are also combined and it reduces the pilot’s workload. They are mostly used on tailless aircrafts.
103. Spoilers are also referred to as lift dumpers.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: True. Spoilers are used to reduce lift on an aircraft by hampering the flow of wind over its
wings. They are used for reducing lift while landing an aircraft. They allow aircraft to lose altitude
without gaining significant airspeed.
104. For an aircraft whose left wing is pointing straight down, its transverse axis is __________ to
the ground.
a) Opposite
b) Parallel
c) Perpendicular
d) Adjacent
Answer: c

25. Explanation: An aircraft whose left wing is pointing straight down, will have its transverse axis
perpendicular to the ground. Further, its vertical axis will be parallel w.r.t. the ground. These axes are
relative to the earth and will change with the change in position of the aircraft.
105. What is the rotation about longitudinal axis called?
a) Roll
b) Pitch
c) Yaw
d) Jaw
Answer: a
Explanation: The axis passing through the aircraft from nose to tail is called as longitudinal axis.
Rotation about the longitudinal axis is called roll. Further, the angular displacement about it is called
bank.
106. The rudder is a part of __________
a) Undercarriage
b) Empennage
c) APU
d) Engine
Answer: b
Explanation: The rudder is a part of the empennage. More specifically, it is mounted on the vertical
stabilizer, at the rear end of the aircraft. If the pilot pushes the left pedal, rudder is deflected left and
similarly when the pilot pushes the right pedal, rudder is deflected right.
107. Which of the following is not a part of flight control systems?
a) Ailerons
b) Elevators
c) Radars
d) Flaps
Answer: c

26. Explanation: Radars are not a part of flight control systems. However, ailerons, elevators and flaps are
all part of the flight control systems. Some other flight control systems are elevens and flaperons.
108. What is the full form of FBW?
a) Fare-by-wire
b) Fuel-by-wire
c) Force-by-wire
d) Fly-by-wire
Answer: d
Explanation: FBW refers to fly-by-wire. Fly-by-wire is a control system that replaces manual flight
controls of an aircraft with an electronic interface. Flight controls are controlled through electronic
signals, which are transmitted using wires.
109. Why are flaps deflected downwards?
a) To decrease lift
b) To increase lift
c) To decrease the effective curvature of the wing
d) To increase the effective curvature of the wing
Answer: d
Explanation: Flaps are deflected downwards to increase the effective curvature of the wing. Flaps are
used during descent or take off. They are used to reduce stalling speed of an aircraft and are mostly used
during low speed.
110. Which of the following axes passes from wingtip to wingtip through an aircraft?
a) Vertical axis
b) Horizontal axis
c) Transverse axis
.
d) Longitudinal axis
Answer: c
Explanation: The transverse axis passes from wingtip to wingtip through an aircraft. It may also be
called the lateral axis. Rotation along this axis is called pitch, which is controlled by elevators.
111. Airbrakes are used to increase __________

27. a) Lift
b) Drag
c) Pitch
d) Thrust
Answer: b
Explanation: The aircraft uses airbrakes to increase drag. The purpose of increasing drag is to slow down
the aircraft. These brakes are usually surfaces that emerge out from the fuselage.
112. What are the ground loads?
a) Loads acting due to aircraft motion on ground
b) Air loads
c) Gust loads
d) Lift and drag
Answer: a
Explanation: Loads that are acting due to aircraft motion on the ground is termed as ground loads. Air
loads and gust loads are loads acting during the flight phase. Lift and drag are Aerodynamic forces
acting on the aircraft. Lift is responsible for lifting the aircraft and drag is a resistive force.
113. Air loads are loads typically experienced by an aircraft during flight in air.
a) True
b) False
Answer: a
Explanation: Air loads are defined as those loads which are acting on the aircraft during flight in the air.
Air loads may include maneuver, gust, buffet, control deflection etc.
114. Which of the following is an example of air load?
a) Gust
b) Taxi
c) Wheel stress
d) Landing

28. Answer: a
Explanation: Gust is primarily experienced during flight phase of an aircraft. Gust is experienced during
flight in air. Hence, gust is an example of air load. Landing, taxi etc. are examples of the ground loads.
115. The largest load that is expected to be experienced by aircraft is called __________
a) limit load
b) normal stress
c) normal strain
d) shear stress
Answer: a
Explanation: Limit load is the largest load that is expected to be experienced by aircraft. Shear force will
produce shear stress. Stress is force per unit area and strain is defined as change in dimensions divided
by original dimension.
116. Design load is defined as ________
a) the Highest possible load that structure is designed to withstand without braking
b) the highest normal stress when strain is only quarter
c) the lowest load that structure has to withstand
d) lift and drag only
Answer: a
Explanation: Design load is the highest possible load that structure is designed to withstand without
braking. The aircraft structure is always designed in order to withstand higher loads than the limit loads.
Some factor of safety or safety margin is always used. Design load is also termed as the ultimate load.
117. Which of the following is correct?
a) Factor of safety is provided to improve safety of an aircraft
b) Lift is always same as weight
c) Weight is never same as lift
d) Thrust required is same as weight always
Answer: a
Explanation: The factor of safety is used in order to increase safety of the aircraft. Lift is not always

29. same as the aircraft weight. Weight will be same as the lift during cruise. Thrust required is not always
same as the weight.
118. If my factor of safety is 2 and design load of my aircraft is 1000N then, at which value of
ultimate load my aircraft can withstand without breaking?
a) 2KN
b) 9N
c) 1208KN
d) 1.208KN
Answer: a
Explanation: Ultimate load without breaking = factor of safety * design load = 2*1000 = 2KN.
119. Which of the following is not categorized as powerplant load?
a) Taxing
b) Thrust
c) Torque
d) Duct pressure
Answer: a
Explanation: Taxing is not an example of power plant load. Powerplant load may include Thrust, torque,
duct pressure, vibration etc. Thrust is propulsive force produced by the powerplant of an aircraft.
120. Loads during takeoff and landing will be equal in magnitude.
a) True
b) False
Answer: b
Explanation: Loads will be of different magnitude and of different kinds. During landing, landing gear
are used to withstand the impact loads at the time of touchdown. However, at takeoff they do not
experience such impact loads. Hence, magnitude of the loads will be different.
121. Choose an appropriate incorrect option.
a) At any given time, an aircraft can only experience any one type of load
b) At cruise, lift will be same as weight
c) Aerodynamic centre is located at quarter chord point for typical subsonic a/c

30. d) Lift is an example of Aerodynamic force
Answer: a
Explanation: At any given time, aircraft can experience the number of different types of loads. For
example, at cruise aircraft experiences airloads, powerplant load etc. At cruise, lift and weight will be
equal. Lift is an Aerodynamic force.
122. Almost all the forces acting on aircraft can be categorized as _____
a) body or surface forces
b) body forces only
c) only as surface force
d) neither body nor surface force
Answer: a
Explanation: Typically, all aircraft forces are categorized as body forces or surface forces. Body forces
are those forces which are acting through volume of the body. Typical example of body force is force
due to gravity. Surface force is acting through surface of an object such as shear force.
123. For an aircraft whose left wing is pointing straight down, its transverse axis is __________ to
the ground.
a) Opposite
b) Parallel
c) Perpendicular
d) Adjacent
Answer: c
Explanation: An aircraft whose left wing is pointing straight down, will have its transverse axis
perpendicular to the ground. Further, its vertical axis will be parallel w.r.t. the ground. These axes are
relative to the earth and will change with the change in position of the aircraft.
124. What is the rotation about longitudinal axis called?
a) Roll
b) Pitch
c) Yaw
d) Jaw

31. Answer: a
Explanation: The axis passing through the aircraft from nose to tail is called as longitudinal axis.
Rotation about the longitudinal axis is called roll. Further, the angular displacement about it is called
bank.
125. The rudder is a part of __________
a) Undercarriage
b) Empennage
c) APU
d) Engine
Answer: b
Explanation: The rudder is a part of the empennage. More specifically, it is mounted on the vertical
stabilizer, at the rear end of the aircraft. If the pilot pushes the left pedal, rudder is deflected left and
similarly when the pilot pushes the right pedal, rudder is deflected right.