This document provides a history of aircraft and their development over time. It begins with an introduction to early gliders and planes in the late 1800s and early Wright brothers flights. It then describes some famous early planes and pilots that pushed the boundaries of air travel. Finally, it outlines the five main types of modern aircraft and concludes that advances in aviation have radically improved transportation worldwide.

1. HISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
CLASS T09
KNFT 12189
NATASHA NABILA BINTI RANI

2. iHISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
HISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
NATASHA NABILA BINTI RANI
FOUNDATION IN SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY ( SPT )
KOLEJ MARA KUALA NERANG
MADAM EDWIAH BINTI SHAFIE @ HANAFI
11 DECEMBER 2012

3. iHISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
CONTENT
INDEX TOPIC PAGE
1 Title i
2 Content ii
3 Abstract 1
4 Introduction 2
5 Types of airplanes 4
6 Conclusion 5
7 References 6

4. iHISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
ABSTRACT
This research is all about an aircraft. An aircraft is a vehicle that is able to fly by gaining
support from the air, or, in general, the atmosphere of a planet. It counters the force of
gravity by using either static lift or by using the dynamic lift of an airfoil, or in a few cases
the downward thrust from jet engines. The human activity that surrounds aircraft is called
aviation. Crewed aircraft are flown by an onboard pilot, but unmanned aerial vehicles may
be remotely controlled or self-controlled by onboard computers. Since then, Airplane travel
has improved a lot. Airplanes now cover thousands of miles at great altitudes of 7 miles and
more, carrying around 300 passengers. These passengers comfortably travel across the world
on these airplanes. Jet engines have now replaced the propellers and they travel with speed
of more than 600 miles every hour. Not even Wright Brothers would have imagined the way
air travel has turned today. Consistent efforts and hardwork of the Brothers and other
inventors have offered the comfort of air travel today. The best part is that in innovations
never stop, they are ongoing. So, one can look forward to advancements in the field.

5. iHISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
INTRODUCTION
With more research and time invested in the concept of flying in the air, gradually led
to invention of gliders. This non motorized flying mechanism was better than the hot air
balloon.
Earliest glider that could really fly was developed by George Cayel. And in 1843,
William Henson made the plans for model plane which unfortunately proved to be a
disappointment for him. And soon after, his friend named John Stingfellow designed a
plane with the same model and succeeded. This plane managed to fly but did not stay
in the air for a long time.
(Dee, Richard, 2007 )
In 1894, Otto Linienthal developed his first hang glider. He considered it the safest
glider of its kind. Unfortunately, he met his death during a flight on the same glider. Wilbur
Wright was born on April 16 of 1867. Orville was born four years later on August 19, 1871.
The brothers were very close, and even sounded the same!
They got interested in flight when their dad brought home a rubber band "flying
machine". The brothers started by watching birds in flight. Then they went to a remote
beach in Kitty Hawk, North Carolina. They tested gliders and gained knowledge with every
flight. The next step was to find an engine that was powerful and light. They also had to
build a propeller to get the plane in the air. Finally on Thursday, December 17 the Wright
Flyer was in the air! The flight lasted only 12 seconds, but launched the beginning of flight.
There were many other famous planes in the early history of flight. The Wright EX
"Vin Fiz" was the first plane to make a transcontinental flight. William Randolph Hearst
flew the plane. The name "Vin Fiz" came from a soda company that sponsored the plane.

6. iHISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
The Lockheed Vega was flown by Amelia Earhart. She had many record-breaking
flights in this plane. The Lockheed Vega was the perfect plane for Earhart's love to fly.
Amelia Earhart flew from California to Hawaii in her Lockheed Vega. She was the first
person to complete this trip! She also carried, for the first time in the world, a two-way
radiotelephone. In 1931 Charles and Anne Lindbergh flew to the Orient. They were the first
people to fly as far east as the Orient.
Ever since the Wright brothers made their first flight the world has been buzzing with
aircraft.

7. iHISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
TYPES OF AIRPLANES
Modern airplanes are divided into five main types:
1. Commercial Transport Planes
2. General Aviation Planes
3. Military Planes
4. Sea Planes
5. Special Purpose Planes
Ed Rouen (2005) said that commercial transport planes are large planes used for
carrying passengers and sometimes cargo ( also called airliners ).
Most general aviation planes have two to six seats, and one engine. General aviation
planes are used for many purposes. Sometimes people use them to teach students how to fly
a plane, or they are used to take pictures from a high-up view.
Military planes are planes used by the military. Most military planes are used to
attack enemies on the ground or in the air. Some military planes are used to carry equipment
and soldiers to bases or battlefields.
Sea planes are planes that can use either up in the air or at the surface of water. Sea
planes have big floats instead of wheels. Sea boats are shaped like the hull of a boat, so they
can stay on the water.
Special purpose planes are planes that have special purposes such as performing tricks
in shows or spraying chemicals on crops or used for putting out forest fires.

8. iHISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
CONCLUSION
From the Wright brothers to the Airbus A380, advances in aviation have made transportation
faster, easier, and safer. In the past, it often took months to travel across the ocean. Since the
invention of air travel, it may only take hours. Airplanes provide the fastest means of
transporting people and freight. The only form of transportation that is faster than air travel
is rockets. This transportation will longer-lasting and always being improve by inventors.
Future will bring a lot of improvement and of course it will be the best and most commonly
being use by people in all over the world.

9. iHISTORY OF AIRCRAFT
REFERENCES
Dee, Richard (2007). The Man who Discovered Flight: George Cayley and the First
Airplane. Toronto: McClelland and Stewart. ISBN 978-0-7710-2971-4.
Ed Rouen (2005). From the Ground Up. London, England: Jane's Publishing Company
Limited. ISBN 0-7106-0365-7.
Retrieved from http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Aircraft
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