What Is Blended Wing Body, History of BWB, How Airplanes Fly, Aircraft Control Surfaces, Design and Structure of BWB, Advantages and Disadvantages, Conventional aircraft vs. BWB, Future Scope and Challenges
Blended Wing Body (BWB) - Future Of AviationAsim Ghatak
What is Blended Wing Body, History, Advantages And Disadvantages, Design and Structure, How airplanes Fly, Conventional airplanes vs. BWB, Future Scope And Challenges.
The presentation was prepared for an Technical Paper Presentation competition. It contains basic conceptual explanations pertaining to the BWB concept.
A Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft is a configuration where the wing and fuselage are integrated which essentially results in a large flying wing. BWB aircraft were previously called ‘tailless airplanes’ and ‘Flying-Wing aircraft’. The BWB configuration has shown promise in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, in particular for very large transport aircraft, because the configuration has a single lifting surface that means an aerodynamically clean configuration.
Blended Wing Body (BWB) - Future Of AviationAsim Ghatak
What is Blended Wing Body, History, Advantages And Disadvantages, Design and Structure, How airplanes Fly, Conventional airplanes vs. BWB, Future Scope And Challenges.
The presentation was prepared for an Technical Paper Presentation competition. It contains basic conceptual explanations pertaining to the BWB concept.
A Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft is a configuration where the wing and fuselage are integrated which essentially results in a large flying wing. BWB aircraft were previously called ‘tailless airplanes’ and ‘Flying-Wing aircraft’. The BWB configuration has shown promise in terms of aerodynamic efficiency, in particular for very large transport aircraft, because the configuration has a single lifting surface that means an aerodynamically clean configuration.
This is Part 4 (in work) of work for my Advanced Technology Demonstration Aircraft project, to inspire interest in aerospace engineering for the RAeS and AIAA.
Morphing Aircraft Technology – New Shapes for Aircraft Wing DesignMani5436
Morphing aircraft are multi-role aircraft that change their external shape substantially to adapt to a changing mission environment during flight.
Morphing poses several unique challenges when the wing loading is high. Very flexible materials are the designer’s first choice because they are easily reshaped.
he current use of multiple aerodynamic devices (such as flaps and slats) represents a simplification of the general idea behind morphing. Traditional control systems (with fixed geometry and/or location) give high aerodynamic performance over a fixed range and for a limited set of flight conditions.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.IJERA Editor
One of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact by better fuel efficiency by virtue of Structural optimization. Over the past years, improvements in performance and fuel efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and usage of composite materials to reduce the overall weight of the structure. This paper deals with the weight optimization of transport aircraft with low wing configuration. The Linear static and Normal Mode analysis were carried out using MSc Nastran & Msc Patran under different pressure conditions and the results were verified with the help of classical approach. The Stress and displacement results were found and verified and hence arrived to the conclusion about the optimization of the wing structure.
This is Part 4 (in work) of work for my Advanced Technology Demonstration Aircraft project, to inspire interest in aerospace engineering for the RAeS and AIAA.
Morphing Aircraft Technology – New Shapes for Aircraft Wing DesignMani5436
Morphing aircraft are multi-role aircraft that change their external shape substantially to adapt to a changing mission environment during flight.
Morphing poses several unique challenges when the wing loading is high. Very flexible materials are the designer’s first choice because they are easily reshaped.
he current use of multiple aerodynamic devices (such as flaps and slats) represents a simplification of the general idea behind morphing. Traditional control systems (with fixed geometry and/or location) give high aerodynamic performance over a fixed range and for a limited set of flight conditions.
Structural Weight Optimization of Aircraft Wing Component Using FEM Approach.IJERA Editor
One of the main challenges for the civil aviation industry is the reduction of its environmental impact by better fuel efficiency by virtue of Structural optimization. Over the past years, improvements in performance and fuel efficiency have been achieved by simplifying the design of the structural components and usage of composite materials to reduce the overall weight of the structure. This paper deals with the weight optimization of transport aircraft with low wing configuration. The Linear static and Normal Mode analysis were carried out using MSc Nastran & Msc Patran under different pressure conditions and the results were verified with the help of classical approach. The Stress and displacement results were found and verified and hence arrived to the conclusion about the optimization of the wing structure.
In recent years, air transportation has increased between major cities. Conventional aircraft's lack fuel efficiency, high Lift to Drag (L/D) ratio, high payload carrying capacity since there has not been a major technological breakthrough in aerodynamic geometry. Hence, there has been a need to develop a new composite structure to push the boundaries of current technologies and to breathe new life into civil transportation. Blended Wing Body (BWB) bridges the gap between future requirements. The BWB configuration is a new concept in aircraft design which provides greater internal volume, aerodynamics and structural efficiency, noise reduction, and most importantly significant improvement on cost-per-seat-mile. The design approach of BWB is to maximize overall efficiency by integrating the propulsion systems, wings, and the body into a single lifting surface. BWB is a unique tailless single entity where the fuselage is merged with wing and tail. Blended wing body has flattened and airfoil surface which contributes higher lift than conventional ones. The objective of this paper is to study aerodynamic study of blended wing body layout.
Design and Fabrication of Blended Wing Bodyvivatechijri
Aircrafts are the widely used vehicle for rapid and long distance transportation. Although it is time
consuming, the conventional design of aircraft doesn't gives much space inside the aircraft and also consumes
more power because of its aerodynamic structure. Hence it is necessary to develop a new composite structural
design which overcomes these barriers. Blended Wing Body (BWB) is one of the solution of these problems. The
BWB configuration is a new concept in a aircraft design which provides greater internal volume, aerodynamics
and structural efficiency & noise reduction. The design approach of BWB is to maximize overall efficiency by
integrating the propulsion system, wings and the body into a single lifting surface. BWB is a unibody air craft
where the fuselage, wing and tail gets merged to form a single entity. The fuselage section of BWB is flattened
and has slightly airfoil shaped structure which exceeds the overall lift generation of aircraft. The objective of this
paper is to study aerodynamic study of Blended Wing Body. The project deals with the designing, analysing and
fabricating of UAV(Unmanned Aerial Vehicle) type electrically powered BWB aircraft system, and also selecting
appropriate propulsion system and other electric components
NASA and its industry partners are investigating a blended wing aircraft concept for potential use as a future air transport for both civilian and military applications.
https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/FS-2003-11-81-LaRC.html
NASA and its industry partners are investigating a blended wing aircraft concept for potential use as a future air transport for both civilian and military applications. https://www.nasa.gov/centers/langley/news/factsheets/FS-2003-11-81-LaRC.html
This article discusses the design features of modern Airbus Industry A320neo aircraft, and is the study of the mechanism, directions on the patterns of the impact of new technologies on the emergence and development of a class of long haul passenger aircraft. Ruzmatov P. A. "Design Features of Modern A320PEO Aircraft" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-3 , April 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd49881.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/aeronautical-engineering/49881/design-features-of-modern-a320peo-aircraft/ruzmatov-p-a
It is a major project report on DIFFERENT TYPES OF WINGLETS AND THEIR CORRESPONDING VORTICES, and it can be helpful for a person looking for specifically about winglet and vortex formation and relation among them. It is a very good source for aerospace engineering student as well coz they will get to knew about vortex and winglet.
In 2001 Euroavia Toulouse organized a symposium on ground effect. We invited most of the Russian and German actors, and some experts from Holland, UK or France for a week of science around the subject of ekranoplans / flying boats. This was dedicated to students. A book was issued... and now that all copies have been sold for a while I am sharing this on LinkedIn for everyone.
Enjoy.
Stéphan AUBIN
Boeing 777X Wingtip Analysis - FEM Final ProjectMatt Hawkins
For a final course project, I conducted a simplified Finite Element Analysis (FEA) on the wingtip hinge of the soon-to-be-tested Boeing 777X. Working independently, I did not consult anyone from Boeing on this project and all of the findings are my own. I therefore welcome any and all feedback on my method and my results, as this aircraft is of high interest to me.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Cosmetic shop management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
Buying new cosmetic products is difficult. It can even be scary for those who have sensitive skin and are prone to skin trouble. The information needed to alleviate this problem is on the back of each product, but it's thought to interpret those ingredient lists unless you have a background in chemistry.
Instead of buying and hoping for the best, we can use data science to help us predict which products may be good fits for us. It includes various function programs to do the above mentioned tasks.
Data file handling has been effectively used in the program.
The automated cosmetic shop management system should deal with the automation of general workflow and administration process of the shop. The main processes of the system focus on customer's request where the system is able to search the most appropriate products and deliver it to the customers. It should help the employees to quickly identify the list of cosmetic product that have reached the minimum quantity and also keep a track of expired date for each cosmetic product. It should help the employees to find the rack number in which the product is placed.It is also Faster and more efficient way.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
1. BLENDED WING BODY
FUTURE OF AVIATION
PRESENTED BY:- ASIM KUMAR GHATAK
V SEMESTER
MECHANICAL ENGINEERING
JSS ACADEMY OF TECHNICAL EDUCATION NOIDA
2. CONTENTS
1. INTRODUCTION
2. BRIEF HISTORY OF BWB
3. HOW AEROPLANES FLY?
4. SOME ORGANISMS WITH BWB
5. DESIGN AND STRUCTURE OF BWB
6. CONVENTIONAL AEROPLANES Vs. BWB
7. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BWB
8. FUTURE SCOPE AND CHALLENGES
9. CONCLUSION
10. REFERENCES
3. INTRODUCTION
Blended Wing Body (BWB) aircraft have a
flattened and airfoil shaped body, which
produces most of the lift, the wings
contributing the balance.
A BWB aircraft is a configuration where
the wing and fuselage are integrated which
essentially results in a large flying wing
Theoretically it can carry up to 800
passengers at a Mach number of 0.85
4. Blended wing body has lift-to-drag ratio
50% greater than conventional airplane.
The advantages of the BWB approach are
efficient high-lift wings and a wide airfoil-
shaped body.
This enables the entire craft to contribute
to lift generation with the result of
potentially increased fuel economy and
range.
5. Northrop N1M “Jeep”, by Northrop Corporation, USA
The concept of Blended Wing
body was introduced almost
27 years ago.
The idea was to build a new type of
aircraft that would allow the aircraft
to carry more passengers.
[1]
6. Horten Ho I by Horten Brothers, Germany
The BWB aircraft is not a fully novel
concept because it was considered by
Horten, Northrop, and others from the
mid 1930s to the mid 1950s.
BWB aircraft was previously called
“Tailless Airplane” and “Flying
Wing Aircraft”.
Turbojet powered Ho-229 flying wing aircraft
the world's first turbojet-powered flying wing
air- craft, the Ho-IX
(Source: Military Factory).
7. The Northrop semi-flying wing aircraft
1928
(Source: Smithsonian NASA Museum).
Northrop XB-35 piston-engined long-range
bomber 1946 (Source: Virtual Aircraft Museum).
The Northrop XB-35 aircraft, which came into service
in1946, is powered by four piston engines, each
driving two contra-rotating four-blade pusher
propeller through a long shaft and gear box.
8. The Northrop N-1 M Aircraft 1940
( Source: Smithsonian NASA Museum).
The Northrop N-9M aircraft (Source: Smithsonian
NASA Museum).
The N-9M was developed as a scaled
mock-up of the proposed bomber. The N-
9M is an18m span twin-engine aircraft
with a take-off weight of 6326kg.
9. The D-8 tailless aircraft at the 1914
Farnborough airshow
‘B2-Spirit’ Stealth Bomber 1981
( Source: Xairforces Military Aviation Society).
The first recorded tailless flying wing aircraft
was the D-8 aircraft designed by John Dunne
in1911
11. LIFT
DRAG
THRUST
WEIGHT
Lift is the force created by the interaction between the
wings and the airflow. It always act upwards. Lift must
exceed weight for flight.
This force acts in reverse direction to that of 'Thrust' and
hinders forward motion. Drag is considered as a negative
force.
This force is created by an aircraft's engine and is required
for forward motion.
This force acts on an aircraft due to the interaction between
the aircraft's body weight and Earth's gravity.
FL= CL*0.5*ρ*A*V2
FD= CD*0.5*ρ*A*V2
14. The wake of a Boeing 767
disrupts the top
of a cumulus cloud and clearly
shows the
counter-rotating trailing
vortices.[2]
15. F L
F L
F L
F D
F D
F D
At large angles of
attack (usually
larger than 15°), flow
may separate
completely from the
top surface of an
airfoil, reducing lift
drastically and
causing the airfoil to
stall.
(a) 5°
(c) 30°
(b) 15°
(b) 15°
25. DESIGN AND STRUCTURE OF BWB
Cambridge MIT silent aircraft concept
(Source: The Cambridge-MIT Institute). [7]
The ACFA BWB configuration
The project called Active Flight Control for Flexible
Aircraft is the design of an innovative ultra efficient 450
passenger capacity BWB aircraft with highly swept back
center-body and 2 podded turbofan engines [8]
26. DESIGN AND STRUCTURE OF BWB
CONCEPT OF WINDOWLESS
AIRCRAFT[9]
BWB CONCEPTUAL SEATING
ARRANGEMENT[10]
BOEING X48C PROTOTYPE (2011)[11]
30. NO WINDOWS!!!
Each seat will have a multifunctional
LCD screen on the seat in front of them. A
selector will allow the passenger to select from a
number of views, including looking to the rear
and straight down.
It can be used as a cargo plane as it has large
space and there is no problem of internal
pressurization.
[18]
31. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BWB
ADVANTAGES :-
Aerodynamics: The aerodynamic benefits of the
BWB are derived from the integration of its
‘fuselage’ and wings to obtain ‘low wetted
surface area to volume ratio’ and reduced
interference drag.
This lowers total drag and provides higher L/D
ratio compared to conventional configuration
DOC- direct operating costs includes
Fuel
Landing fees
Maintenance
Annual inspection
[19]
32. Increase in the passenger capacity up to 800
Reduction in fuel consumption of the aircraft(burns 27% lesser fuel)
High L/D ratio due to a decreased relative wetted area(area which is in
contact with the external airflow)
Favorable load distribution along the span
Possible engine noise shielding
15% lower takeoff weight
12% lower empty operating weight
27% lower total thrust
27% lower fuel BURNED
20% higher L/D ratio as compared to conventional aircraft
Lower production cost (lower production costs come from not have as
many tight bends so the manufacturing costs go down)
Lower fares
Reduced airport/airspace congestion
Improved safety
ADVANTAGES :-
33. ADVANTAGES AND DISADVANTAGES OF BWB
DISADVANTAGES :-
High bending stresses resulting from
the effect of pressure on the box-like
shape of the BWB
High bending stress associated
with a non-cylindrical pressure
vessel.
typical aircrafts have a cylindrical shape which requires less strength and is
easier to pressurize as opposed to the interior shape of a BWB.
[20]
34. Evacuating a BWB in an emergency could be a challenge. Because of the
aircraft’s shape, the seating layout would be theatre style instead of
tubular. This imposes inherent limits on exit doors. (90 seconds
evacuation)
As engines are placed above the rear fuselage. Air safety authorities have
expressed concern that in an accident they could become detached and
their momentum carry them forwards so that they fall onto the passenger
cabin.
“Bulging” at the outer surface will occur as the aircraft is pressurized. This
will deform the elegant cruise airfoil shape that is being planned, so it has
to be taken into consideration in the design.
The two decks also raised concerns over passenger safety in a crash
situation where the upper deck could collapse onto the lower one.
As there will be no windows, people will feel air sickness. And by
integrating a giant LCD in the partition wall might cause some people
nausea.
The last issue was how to you handle 800 passengers as several terminals
are not designed to handle that volume of humanity.
DISADVANTAGES :-
35. FUTURE SCOPES AND CHALLENGES
With the increase in population exponentially we cannot have a congested traffic in the mid air or
an “Air Traffic Jam”. So we need some new innovation which can carry more passengers, have a
small size and less pollutant and can integrate new thrust mechanisms like hybrid engines and
produce less noise and take less runaway for take off and landing and terminal congestion
With these factors in consideration we can assume that by 2020 the world might see the BWB in
their airport with its eye catching design and body like an UFO.
Challenges ahead
Structural and material (structural – wingspan exceeds 262ft. Or 80m)& (Structures is back to the
pressurization issues and the integration issue revolves around making the structure clean enough to
work aerodynamically and achieve the savings potential.)
Aero structural integration
Aerodynamics
Controls
System integration
Infrastructure
36. CONCLUSION
The BWB is fuel efficient
Less material required to produce the body
Less complicated design
Less noise
High L/D ratio
Carry more passengers
Less size compared to conventional aircraft
Aerodynamic design
Less pollutant
Can integrate new hybrid turbines AND turboprop fans
From the conceptual point of view, the BWB design has been demonstrated to be
more attractive than the conventional aircraft.
The flight features of small drag value and less engine thrust requirement predict to
perform with less noise emission, and make it a more environmentally-friendly
vehicle.
Editor's Notes
The pressure difference between the lower surface (high pressure
region) and the upper surface (low-pressure region) drives the fluid
at the tips upward while the fluid is swept toward the back because of the
relative motion between the fluid and the wing. This results in a swirling
motion that spirals along the flow, called the tip vortex, at the tips of both
wings. Vortices are also formed along the airfoil between the tips of the
wings. These distributed vortices collect toward the edges after being
shed from the trailing edges of the wings and combine with the tip vortices
to form two streaks of powerful trailing vortices along the tips of the
wings. Trailing vortices generated by large aircraft persist for
a long time for long distances (over 10 km) before they gradually disappear
due to viscous dissipation.
The phenomenon of producing lift by the rotation
of a solid body is called the Magnus effect after the German scientist
Heinrich Magnus (1802–1870),
stagnation point: A point in a fluid flow where the velocity
goes to zero. For example, the point on the streamline that
intersects the nose of a moving projectile is a stagnation point.
stall: The phenomenon of massive flow separation from
the surface of a wing when angle of attack exceeds a critical
value, and consequent dramatic loss of lift and increase
in drag. A plane in stall drops rapidly and must have its nose
brought down to reestablish attached boundary layer flow and
regenerate lift and reduce drag.