ADHD Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder Mental Health Nursing Psychiatric Nursing

1. ADHD (Attention Deficit
Hyperactivity Disorder)
Dr. Rahul Sharma
Associate Professor
H.O.D. of Mental Health Nursing
Ph. D Coordinator
Seedling School of Nursing,
Jaipur National University, Jaipur

2. Introduction
•It is the most common disorder of
childhood is characterized by deficit in
attention, concentration & impulse control.

4. Definition
• Excessive psychomotor activity that may be purposeful or
aimless. Accompanied by physical movement & verbal
utterances that are usually more rapid than normal.
Inattention and distractibility are common with hyperactive
behaviour.

5. Cause :
• [1] GENETIC : it is believed that ADHD result from the combined effect of
several genes
• [2] BIO CHEMICAL : it is believed that certain neurotransmitter particularly
dopamine, norepinephrine and serotonin are producing will impaired attention
regulation.

6. [3] Anatomical influence :
• Recent studies have implicated alteration in specific
areas of the brain in individual with ADHD
• These region include the prefrontal lobes, parietal and
temporal.

7. [4] prenatal, perinatal and postnatal factor :
• Prenatal studies have linked maternal smoking during pregnancy exposure to toxic
substance including, alcohol can produce effect on behaviour.
• Perinatal influences that may contribute to ADHD are prematurity or low birth
weight and low APGAR score.
• Postnatal factor that have been implicated include cerebral palsy, seizures& other
CNS abnormalities resulting from trauma, infection & other neurological disorder.

8. [5] diet factors :
• The possible link between good dyes and additives such as
artificial flavorous and preservatives.
• To give fruit drink of some children and some children
should be given place to drinks, compared that whose given
fruit drinks children are more active/ hyperactive

9. [6] Psychosocial influences
• Disorganized Environment in family. A higher
degree of psychosocial stress, maternal mental
disorder low socioeconomic status , living in
poverty.

10. Clinical Manifestation
[1] In attention
👉 make careless mistake in school work
👉 difficulty in play activities
👉 not listen when spoken to directly
👉does not follow instruction
👉 forget in daily activities

12. Clinical manifestation
[2] Hyperactivity
👉 run or climb excessively, in which is inappropriate.
👉 feeling of restlessness
👉 difficulty in playing
👉 talk excessively
👉 give answer before question have been completed.
👉 impaired in social academic or occupational functioning.

13. D/E
• Collect history from parents, teachers and other
children.
• Physical examination
• Identify the causative factor.

14. Management
• Dexadrine 2.5 mg/day
• Retalin 5-10 mg/day
• Atomoxetine, bupropion ( use sucidal tendency)
• Anti psychotic – haloperidol, thorazine.