1. Dr. Rahul Sharma discusses schizophrenia, a mental disorder characterized by disturbances in thinking, behavior, and emotion. 2. Some key causes of schizophrenia discussed are genetic factors and neurodevelopmental issues. Symptoms include hallucinations, delusions, and disorganized speech. 3. There are several types of schizophrenia described, including paranoid, catatonic, and undifferentiated. Diagnosis involves collecting a history and doing a mental status exam. Treatment involves antipsychotic medication as well as psychotherapy.

1. Dr. Rahul Sharma
Associate Professor
H.O.D. of Mental Health Nursing
Ph. D Coordinator
Seedling School of Nursing,
Jaipur National University, Jaipur
SCHIZOPHRENIA

2. INTRODUCTION
 In 1911,Eugen Blueler a Swiss psychiatrist
Coined the term schizophrenia. It is combination
of 2 Greek words schizo means 'split' and phrenia
means 'mind'
 He explained that the split occur between
Cognitive and emotional aspect of the personality.

3. Definition
 A group of disorder manifested by
disturbance in thinking, mood and
behavior with active symptoms like
delusion and hallucination with
disorganized speech and catatonic
behavior.

4. Etiology
1. Influence of neurotransmitter
 Norepinephrine, Gaba epinephrine,
serotonin; influence the pathophysiology of
schizophrenia.
2. Genetic factors
 Monozygotic and dizygotic twins
 Parents to offspring through genes
 Relatives of client are commonly suffered.

5. Etiology
3. Neurodevelopmental factors
 Viral infection affecting intranatal mother
 Any condition that injures the developing foetus brain.
4. Neuropsychological factors
 Organic brain damage
 Brain infection
 Trauma
 Poison
 Metabolic disorder

6. Etiology
5. Family factors
 High level of expressed emotion in family
 Broken homes and family
 Family rejection
 Overprotection
 Family blaming.
 Deprived parents children relationship
6. Environmental factors
 Stressful environment
 Traumatic experiences

7. Etiology
7. Psychological factors
 Impaired ego functioning
 Low IQ level
 Exposed to crisis situation
8. Social factors
 Community disorganization
 Strain IPR
 Social isolation
 Urbanization
 Poor social interaction

8. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 HALLUCINATION
 DELUSION
 AGGRESSION
 BIZARRE BEHAVIOUR
 SUSPICIOUSNESS
 EXCITEMENT
 GRANDIOSITY
 NONSENSE WORDS
 SHIFTING QUICKLY FROM ONE THOUGHT TO ANOTHER
THOUGHT
 MOVING SLOWLY

9. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 UNABLE TO MAKE DECISIONS
 WRITING EXCESSIVELY WITHOUT MEANING
 FORGETTING OR LOSING THINGS
 REPEATING MOVEMENTS
 LACK OF EMOTIONS
 SOCIAL WITHDRAWAL
 LACK OF MOTIVATION
 LOSS OF PLEASURE
 POOR HYGIENE

10. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 BIZARRE AND ILLOGICAL THOUGHT
 NEOLOGISM
 CIRCUMSTANTIALITY
 ECHOPRAXIA
 PERSEVERATION
 VERBIGERATION

11. SIGN AND SYMPTOMS
 PROBLEM IN FUNCTIONING AT SCHOOL OR
WORK
 CATATONIA
 MOODINESS
 ASSOCIATIVE LOOSENESS
 AUTISTIC THINKING
 AMBIVALENCE.

12. TYPES OF
SCHIZOPHRENIA

14. SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Onset is early,and includes –ve symptoms ,
decreased motor activity and associative
looseness.

15. CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Catatonic sch. Is characterized by
disturbance in motor behviour.

16. PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA
 It is manifested by Lack of trust,
suspiciousness, Grandiosity.
 This is the most common type of
schizophrenia. Symptoms include
hallucinations and/or delusions, but your
speech and emotions may not be affected.

17. HEBEPHRENIC SCHIZOPHRENIA
 It include severe disintegration of personality
,person will act senseless, giggling, silly
smile, bizzare behaviour.

18. UNDIFFERENTIATED SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Features of more than one sub type are
present.

19. RESIDUAL SCHIZOPHRENIA
 It is chronic form which includes illogical
thinking, social withdrawal, negativistic
symptoms and not talkative.

20. ACUTE SCHIZOPHRENIA
 It include depression, delirium and massive
breakdown, fragmented and suffering
nightmares.

21. LATENT SCHIZOPHRENIA
 Schizophrenia symptoms present, lack any
full blown type.

22. CHILDHOOD SCHIZOPHERNIA
 Appears before adolescence and
preoccupied mind with fantasy, withdrawn
and atypical mind.

23. POST SCHIZOPHRENIC DEPRESSION
 Depressive symptoms in schizophrenia
along with suicidal tendency.

24. Schizoaffective type
 Combination of MDP and schizophrenic
symptoms.

25. DIAGNOSTIC EVALUATION
 History collection
 Mental Status Examination

27. MANAGEMENT
PSYCHOPHARMACOLOGY
ANTI ANXIETY DRUGS
 alprazolam(Xanax)
 clonazepam (Klonopin)
 diazepam (Valium)
 lorazepam(Ativan)

28. Anti psychotics
 Clozapine
 Haloperidol
 Resperidone
 Amisulpride
 Aripiprazole
 olanzapine

29. BETA- BLOCKERS
 Meta Propanol
 Isnolol
 Propanol

30. PSYCHOTHERAPY
 Behaviour therapy
 Yoga therapy
 Cognitive therapy
 Group medication
 Milieu therapy
 Individual psychotherapy
 ECT
 Meditation