The basic about the principles of psychiatric nursing , what all are the basic we have to follow while providing care to the psychiatric patients in hospital and in the community area
Behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy which is based on theories of learning and aims at changing maladaptive behavior and substituting it with adaptive behavior.
Beliefs about mental illness have been characterized by superstition, ignorance and fear. Although time and advances in scientific understanding of mental illness have dispelled many false ideas, there remain a number of popular misconceptions.
mania is an alteration in mood that is characterized by extreme happiness, extreme irritability, hyperactivity, little or no need for sleep. the main etiological factors include biological factors, biochemical influences, physiological factors, and psycho social theories. mania is broadly classified into three categories- hypo mania, acute mania and delirious mania. there are three types of treatment for mania- pharmacological treatment, psycho-social treatment and ECT.
The basic about the principles of psychiatric nursing , what all are the basic we have to follow while providing care to the psychiatric patients in hospital and in the community area
Behavior therapy is a type of psychotherapy which is based on theories of learning and aims at changing maladaptive behavior and substituting it with adaptive behavior.
Beliefs about mental illness have been characterized by superstition, ignorance and fear. Although time and advances in scientific understanding of mental illness have dispelled many false ideas, there remain a number of popular misconceptions.
mania is an alteration in mood that is characterized by extreme happiness, extreme irritability, hyperactivity, little or no need for sleep. the main etiological factors include biological factors, biochemical influences, physiological factors, and psycho social theories. mania is broadly classified into three categories- hypo mania, acute mania and delirious mania. there are three types of treatment for mania- pharmacological treatment, psycho-social treatment and ECT.
special thanks and acknowledgement goes out to the contributors of the slide:
meroshana, haziman fauzi, griselda pearl, widad ulya, atiqah shakira, halim latiffi, farith che man and marwan omar.
Hopefully this is able to help medical students to understand about the psychiatry topic, suicide.
This is made by students so if there are any mistakes, please do correct us. We are open to constructive criticism. thank you :)
suicide - a public health problem
history, global scenario, Indian scenario, etiology, risk factors. protective factors, suicide in adolescents, treatment, prevention, recommendations
Schizophrenia is a serious mental disorder in which people interpret reality abnormally. Schizophrenia may result in some combination of hallucinations, delusions, and extremely disordered thinking and behavior that impairs daily functioning, and can be disabling. People with schizophrenia require lifelong treatment.
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
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Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
2. INTRODUCTION
A Greek word splited as:
SKCHIZO-To Divide
PHREN-Mind
Termed by kraplein in 1896 as ‘Demensia
Precox’
In 1908 Eugene bleuler coined it as
Schizophrenia
3. It is a psychotic condition characterized by
a disturbance in thinking, emotions,
volitions and faculties in the presence of
clear consciousness, which usually leads
to social withdrawal
It is a type of functional psychosis
characterized mainly by disturbance in
thinking and associated disturbances in
psychomotor activity, affect, perception
and behavior.
4. ETIOLOGY
1) IDOPATHIC
2) HEREDITARY:-
-Incidence high in univolvar twins
-Transmission through one or more
autosomal recessive genes
3) PERSONALITY-SCHIZOID
4) CHILD DEVELOPMENT AND PARENT CHILD
RELATIONSHIP
5) AGE-Peak in between 15-30 and also some
after30 yrs
5. 6) SEX-Equal in both sexes
7) SOCIAL ISOLATION-Predisposed unstable
personal relationship
8) INTELLIGENCE
9) OVERCROWDING SLUMS
10) PRECIPITATION-Stress, regarding ineffective
disease, pregnancy, family problem, etc.
11) ENDOCRINE-Excess of dopamine dependent
neuronal activity in brain
12) ASSOCIATED WITH OTHER DISEASES-
More common in temporal lobe epilepsy
6.
7. a) Autistic thinking-important feature
b) Considers two things identical
c) Disturbed thinking, emotions and behavior.
d) Patient appears absurd and bizarre
e) Social withdrawal from
religion, philosophy, science, sex, and power
8. g) Absence of links between ideas, crowding and
poverty of ideas, flight of ideas
h) Word are linked without meaning(word salad)
a. Emotional blunting or shallowness of affect
b. Inappropriate affect-patient laughs when he is
expected to cry and cries when he is expected
to laughs
c. Hypersentiveness or insensitiveness of feelings
d. Ambivalence-experience of 2 opposite of
feelings
9. a) Irrelevant and inappropriate behavior
b) Awkward actions
c) Rowdy, violent, assaultive(a person has a physical
or verbal violence), agitation
d) Suicidal and homicidal tendencies
e) Criminal and sexual over activity, pervasive
a) Reduction of drive and desire to carry out routine
work
b) Avoiding mixing in family and friends(aloof)
c) Reduced efficiency and activity
d) Feeling of passivity(mind and thoughts controlled
by outside force
10. a) Hallucination –auditory and visual are
common, others are very rare.
b) Hallucinations are either structured(human or
animal voice) or unstructured(vague voices)
a) In catatonic, increased psychomotor
activity, stupor, negativism, stereotype, mutism,
verbegeration(repeating the same words)
b) Waxy flexibility
11. a) Excessive day dreaming and fantasy
b) Muttering
c) Spells of laughter and crying without reason
d) Childish behavior
e) Patient passes urine and stool in his clothes
and plays with has own excreta
f) Absent mindedness
g) Makes lot of mistakes in work
12. THE ILLNESS OF AS A PHENOMENON OF
REGRESSION
E.G- Reversal to infantile and childhood
patterns of psychological living a state of
organization where reality does not exist.
Thus the patient attempt to resolve his
psychological conflicts by denying the harsh
and painful reality world and living in a
fantasy would full of pleasures
13. A. PARANOID SCHIZOPHRENIA:-
Early onset
‘Paranoia’ means ‘delusional’
It occurs between 25-30 yrs
Seen more in males than females
Delusion of suspiciousness, persecution and
grandeur
Disorganization of speech and thought
Hallucinatory voices of threatening or
commanding, also voices of whistling and
laughs
14. Affect is usually of hostility, anger or
suspiciousness
Negative symptoms like flat affect, poverty of
speech and poor activity
Prognosis is good
15. B. HEBEPHRENIC SCHIZOPHRENIA:-
Early and insidious onset
Occurs between the age of 20-25 yrs
Thinking disturbances
Regression
Childish behavior
Inappropriate affect
Somatic delusion
Unpredictable, giggling and silliness
Irrelevant
Poverty of ideas
Prognosis is poor
16. C. SIMPLE SCHIZOPHRENIA:-
Insidious and gradual course
Occurs between age of 15-20 yrs
More incidence in males
Disturbances in affect
Disturbances in thinking
Delusions and hallucinations are rare
Wandering aimlessly
Prognosis is poor
17. D. CATATONIC SCHIZOPHRENIA:-
Occurs between age of 20-25 yrs
Equal in both sexes
Disturbances of thinking, affect and behavior
Acute or sub-acute onset
Autism
Purposeless excitement and destructive
behavior
Delusion and hallucinations are common
Prognosis is good but reoccurs are common
18. E. CATATONIC STUPOR:-
Absence of speech
Maintenance of rigid posture against efforts to
be moved
Negativism
Bizarre postures for longer period of time
Stuporous reaction towards surrounding
Ecolalia-mimicking of phrases and words
Echopraxia-mimicking of actions observed
Waxy flexibility
Ambitendency
19. F. RESIDUAL SCHIZOPHRENIA:-
Emotional blunting
Eccentric behavior
Social withdrawal
A type of schizophrenia which has been at
least one episode in the past but without
prominent psychotic symptoms at present
G. UNDIFFERENTIATED SCHIZOPHRENIA:-
Late schizophrenia occurs after 40 yrs of age
Schizoaffective psychosis with symptoms of
depression and mania and also neurosis
Prognosis is poor.
20. H. CHILDHOOD OR JUVENILE
SCHIZOPHRENIA:-
Not common but seen between age of 5-10
yrs and 12-14 yrs
Onset is acute or gradual
Prognosis is poor
I. SCHIZOAFFECTIVE PSYCHOSIS:-
Symptoms of schizophrenia associated with
symptoms of depression and mania
21. J.PSEUDO-NEUROTIC SCHIZOPHRENIA:-
Core of illness is schizophrenia but presenting
symptoms are suggestive of neurotic symptoms
like anxiety state, phobic reactions, obsessive
compulsive neurosis or hysteria
Treatment such as psychotherapy, abreactive
therapy or drug therapy is not satisfactory
Careful psychiatric examination done through
repeated interview, reveals the true nature of
illness
22. 1) Duration of illness:-
Shorter duration carries better prognosis
2) Type of schizophrenia:-
Catatonic and paranoid type carries good
prognosis. simple, hebephrenic, juvenile, pseudo-
neurotic types do not carry good prognosis.
3) Personality:-
Non schizoid and stable
personality respond better
23. 4) Precipitating factor:-
Presence of precipitating factor carries
good prognosis.
5) Age:-
20-30 yrs of age carries better
prognosis than other ages.
6) Type of onset:-
Acute onset carries better prognosis
than gradual onset.
24. I. PSYCHIATRIC HISTORY
II. A MENTAL STATUS
EXAMINATION
III. CLINICAL OBSERVATION
IV. CT SCAN
V. MRI
VI. OFFICIAL DIAGNOSIS IS
BASED ON ICD 10
CRITERIA
25. TREATMENT
A. MODALITIES
PHARMACOTHERAPY:-
Conventional antipsychotics are now
used less frequently, because of
their only partial efficacy and
adverse effects.
The following are the drugs given to
non-compliant patients;
-Chlorpromazine:50-
100mg/day
-Fluphenazine decanoate:20-
25mg IM every 1-3 wks
-Haloperidol:5-20mg/day IM
-Trifluoperazine:1-5mg/day IM
26. Commonly used atypical antipsychotics;
-Clozapine:25-450mg/day PO
-Resperidone:2-10mg/day PO
-Olanzapine:10-20mg/day PO
-Ziprasidone:20-80mg/day PO
Other drugs used in schizophrenia are mood
stabilizers, anti depressants,
benzodiazepines, etc.
27. B. ELECTROCONVULSIVE THERAPY(ECT):-
Indications are catatonic stupor, catatonic
excitement
Severe side effects with drugs
Usually 8-10 ECT’s are required to be given
About 8-10 convulsions spread over a period
of 4-6 weeks
C. PSYCHOLOGICAL THERAPIES:-
Cognitive therapy, group therapy, behavior
therapy, family therapy
D. PSYCHOSURGERY:-
Prefrontal leucotomy