Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
Comprehensive presentation on intra arterial blood pressure with a good insight into the the basic physics and brief look into the risks and complications.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS).pptxRebilHeiru2
discusses the basic and Advanced Life support according to the AHA guidelines.
ACLS, BLS, defibrillation and Advanced medications at Adama Hospital medical college ICU
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
Comprehensive presentation on intra arterial blood pressure with a good insight into the the basic physics and brief look into the risks and complications.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS).pptxRebilHeiru2
discusses the basic and Advanced Life support according to the AHA guidelines.
ACLS, BLS, defibrillation and Advanced medications at Adama Hospital medical college ICU
Cardiac arrest, also known as cardiopulmonary arrest or circulatory arrest, is the end of normal circulation of the blood due to failure of the heart to contract effectively.
Also referred as a sudden cardiac arrest (SCA).
Cardiac arrest is a medical emergency that, in certain situations, is potentially reversible if treated early.
Unexpected cardiac arrest sometimes leads to death almost immediately; this is called sudden cardiac death (SCD).
A neurological examination is the assessment of sensory neuron and motor responses, especially reflexes, to determine whether the nervous system is impaired. This typically includes a physical examination and a review of the patient's medical history, but not deeper investigation such as neuroimaging.
First aid is the first and immediate assistance given to any person with either a minor or serious illness or injury, with care provided to preserve life, prevent the condition from worsening, or to promote recovery.
Nurse Managers are required to be aware of the techniques that can help them ensure effective management of educational/service unit. Communication is one of the most important activities in the nursing management. It is the foundation upon which the manager achieves organizational objectives.
Communication is a process of change. In order to achieve the desired result, the communication necessarily is effective and purposive.
Hemorrhoids are swollen veins in the lowest part of your rectum and anus. Sometimes, the walls of these blood vessels stretch so thin that the veins bulge and get irritated, especially when you poop. Hemorrhoids are also called piles.
Gallstones are hardened deposits of digestive fluid that can form in the gallbladder. The gallbladder is a small, pear-shaped organ on the right side of your abdomen, just beneath the liver. The gallbladder holds a digestive fluid called bile that's released into the small intestine.
Pancreatitis is inflammation in the pancreas. The pancreas is a long, flat gland that sits tucked behind the stomach in the upper abdomen. The pancreas produces enzymes that help digestion and hormones that help regulate the way your body processes sugar (glucose).
Cirrhosis is a late stage of scarring (fibrosis) of the liver caused by many forms of liver diseases and conditions, such as hepatitis and chronic alcoholism.
The muscular system is an organ system consisting of skeletal, smooth and cardiac muscles. It permits movement of the body, maintains posture and circulates blood throughout the body.
The female reproductive system is made up of the internal and external sex organs that function in reproduction of new offspring. In humans, the female reproductive system is immature at birth and develops to maturity at puberty to be able to produce gametes, and to carry a fetes to full term.
Ulcerative colitis (UC) is an inflammatory bowel disease. It causes irritation, inflammation, and ulcers in the lining of your large intestine (also called your colon). There's no cure, and people usually have symptoms off and on for life
The ear is the organ of hearing and, in mammals, balance. In mammals, the ear is usually described as having three parts the outer ear, the middle ear and the inner ear. The outer ear consists of the pinna and the ear canal.
The tongue is a muscular organ in the mouth of most vertebrates that manipulates food for mastication and is used in the act of swallowing. It has importance in the digestive system and is the primary organ of taste in the gustatory system.
Human ear, organ of hearing and equilibrium that detects and analyzes sound by transduction (or the conversion of sound waves into electrochemical impulses) and maintains the sense of balance (equilibrium).
The human eye is an organ that reacts to light in many circumstances. As a conscious sense organ the human eye allows vision; rod and cone cells in the retina allow conscious light perception and vision, including color differentiation and the perception of depth. The human eye can distinguish about 10 million colors.
The integumentary system is an organ system consisting of the skin, hair, nails, and exocrine glands. The skin is only a few millimeters thick yet is by far the largest organ in the body. The average person's skin weighs 10 pounds and has a surface area of almost 20 square feet.
Immunity can be defined as a complex biological system endowed with the capacity to recognize and tolerate whatever belongs to the self, and to recognize and reject what is foreign.
The excretory system is a passive biological system that removes excess, unnecessary materials from the body fluids of an organism, so as to help maintain internal chemical homeostasis and prevent damage to the body.
The endocrine system is a chemical messenger system comprising feedback loops of the hormones released by internal glands of an organism directly into the circulatory system, regulating distant target organs. In vertebrates, the hypothalamus is the neural control center for all endocrine systems.
How to Create Map Views in the Odoo 17 ERPCeline George
The map views are useful for providing a geographical representation of data. They allow users to visualize and analyze the data in a more intuitive manner.
The French Revolution, which began in 1789, was a period of radical social and political upheaval in France. It marked the decline of absolute monarchies, the rise of secular and democratic republics, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte. This revolutionary period is crucial in understanding the transition from feudalism to modernity in Europe.
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Ethnobotany and Ethnopharmacology:
Ethnobotany in herbal drug evaluation,
Impact of Ethnobotany in traditional medicine,
New development in herbals,
Bio-prospecting tools for drug discovery,
Role of Ethnopharmacology in drug evaluation,
Reverse Pharmacology.
The Roman Empire A Historical Colossus.pdfkaushalkr1407
The Roman Empire, a vast and enduring power, stands as one of history's most remarkable civilizations, leaving an indelible imprint on the world. It emerged from the Roman Republic, transitioning into an imperial powerhouse under the leadership of Augustus Caesar in 27 BCE. This transformation marked the beginning of an era defined by unprecedented territorial expansion, architectural marvels, and profound cultural influence.
The empire's roots lie in the city of Rome, founded, according to legend, by Romulus in 753 BCE. Over centuries, Rome evolved from a small settlement to a formidable republic, characterized by a complex political system with elected officials and checks on power. However, internal strife, class conflicts, and military ambitions paved the way for the end of the Republic. Julius Caesar’s dictatorship and subsequent assassination in 44 BCE created a power vacuum, leading to a civil war. Octavian, later Augustus, emerged victorious, heralding the Roman Empire’s birth.
Under Augustus, the empire experienced the Pax Romana, a 200-year period of relative peace and stability. Augustus reformed the military, established efficient administrative systems, and initiated grand construction projects. The empire's borders expanded, encompassing territories from Britain to Egypt and from Spain to the Euphrates. Roman legions, renowned for their discipline and engineering prowess, secured and maintained these vast territories, building roads, fortifications, and cities that facilitated control and integration.
The Roman Empire’s society was hierarchical, with a rigid class system. At the top were the patricians, wealthy elites who held significant political power. Below them were the plebeians, free citizens with limited political influence, and the vast numbers of slaves who formed the backbone of the economy. The family unit was central, governed by the paterfamilias, the male head who held absolute authority.
Culturally, the Romans were eclectic, absorbing and adapting elements from the civilizations they encountered, particularly the Greeks. Roman art, literature, and philosophy reflected this synthesis, creating a rich cultural tapestry. Latin, the Roman language, became the lingua franca of the Western world, influencing numerous modern languages.
Roman architecture and engineering achievements were monumental. They perfected the arch, vault, and dome, constructing enduring structures like the Colosseum, Pantheon, and aqueducts. These engineering marvels not only showcased Roman ingenuity but also served practical purposes, from public entertainment to water supply.
How to Split Bills in the Odoo 17 POS ModuleCeline George
Bills have a main role in point of sale procedure. It will help to track sales, handling payments and giving receipts to customers. Bill splitting also has an important role in POS. For example, If some friends come together for dinner and if they want to divide the bill then it is possible by POS bill splitting. This slide will show how to split bills in odoo 17 POS.
Synthetic Fiber Construction in lab .pptxPavel ( NSTU)
Synthetic fiber production is a fascinating and complex field that blends chemistry, engineering, and environmental science. By understanding these aspects, students can gain a comprehensive view of synthetic fiber production, its impact on society and the environment, and the potential for future innovations. Synthetic fibers play a crucial role in modern society, impacting various aspects of daily life, industry, and the environment. ynthetic fibers are integral to modern life, offering a range of benefits from cost-effectiveness and versatility to innovative applications and performance characteristics. While they pose environmental challenges, ongoing research and development aim to create more sustainable and eco-friendly alternatives. Understanding the importance of synthetic fibers helps in appreciating their role in the economy, industry, and daily life, while also emphasizing the need for sustainable practices and innovation.
How to Make a Field invisible in Odoo 17Celine George
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Read| The latest issue of The Challenger is here! We are thrilled to announce that our school paper has qualified for the NATIONAL SCHOOLS PRESS CONFERENCE (NSPC) 2024. Thank you for your unwavering support and trust. Dive into the stories that made us stand out!
2. ADVANCED CARDIAC LIFE SUPPORT
Advanced cardiac life support or advancedcardiovascular life
support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions
for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest and other life-
threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge
and skills to deploy those interventions.
3. ACLS is a series of evidence based responses simple
enough to be committed to memory and recall under
moments of stress.
AMERICAN HEART ASSOCIATION (AHA) protocols are
considered to be the GOLD standard ACLS protocols
It gets reviewed every 5 year, now latest advancements in
ecgguidelines.health.org
4. IMPORTANCE OF BLS IN ACLS
ACLS is built heavily upon the foundation of BLS
5. AHA Adult Chain ofSurvival
1.Immediate recognition of cardiac arrest and
activation of the emergency response system
2.Early CPR with an emphasis on chest
compressions
3. Rapid defibrillation
4. Effective advanced life support
5. Integrated post–cardiac arrest care
7. COMPONENT OF HIGH QUALITY CPR IN BLS
Scene safety:
1. Make sure the environment is safe for rescuers and
victim
Recognition of cardiac arrest:
1. Check for responsiveness
2. No breathing or only gasping ( ie, no normal breathing)
3. No definite pulse felt within 10 secs ( Carotid or femoral
pulse)
4. (Breathing and pulse check can be performed
simultaneously within 10 secs)
8. • Activation of emergency response system:
If alone with no mobile phone, leave the victim to
activate the emergency response system and get the
AED before beginning CPR
Otherwise, send someone and begin CPR immediately;
use the AED as soon as it is available
9. WITNESSED VS UNWITNESSED
• WITNESSED
• IFALONE
• ACTIVATE EMS
• THEN CPR
• IF 2 RESCUERS
• START CPR
• SECOND ONE – ACTIVATE EMS
• UNWITNESSED
• START CPR
• GIVE FOR 2 MINS
• ACTIVATE EMS
10. Chest compression-
Adult- 30:2
Children or infant- 30:2 if one rescuer
15:2 if more than one rescuer
Compression rate:
100-120/ min
Compression depth:
Adult- at least 5 cm
Children or infant- at least 1/3rd AP diameter of chest
11. Hand placement:
Adult - 2 hands on the lower half of the sternum Children – 1
or 2 hands on the lower half of the sternum
Infants – 2 fingers or 2 thumb defending of the number of
rescuers
Chest recoil:
allow full recoil of chest after each compression; do not lean on
the chest after each compression.
Minimizing interruption: Limit interruptions in chest
compressions to less than 10 secs.
19. Ventricular tachycardia
• .R-R interval usually regular, not always
• QRS not preceded by p wave.
• Wide and bizzare QRS.
• Difficult to find seperation between QRS and T
wave
Rate=100-250bpm
20. Torsades de Pointes
Ttwisting of points, is a distinctive form of polymorphic ventricular
tachycardia characterized by a gradual change in the amplitude
and twisting of the QRS complexes around the isoelectric line.
Rate cannot be determined.
21. Ventricular fibrillation
A severely abnormal heart rhythm (arrhythmia) thatcan
be life-threatening.
No identifiable P,QRS or T wave
Emergency- requires Basic Life Support
Rate cannot be discerned, rhythm unorganized
23. Asystole
a state of no cardiac electrical activity, hence no
contractions of the myocardium and no cardiac
output or blood flow.
Rate, rhythm, p and QRS are absent
24. Pulseless electrical activity
• Pulseless electrical activity (PEA)
• unresponsiveness and no palpable pulse
• some organized cardiac electrical activity.
• previously referred to as electromechanical
dissociation
25.
26.
27. Vt/ vf
Deliver single defibrillitor
shock CPR-2 mins
Check rhythm
Deliver single shock- if VT
/VF persist---CPR 2 mins
and give EPINEPHRINE 1
mg
Continue CPR 2 min
Amiodarone/ Lidocaine/ Magnesiumsulfate
Defibrillate: Drug---Shock---Drug----
Shock
31. Defibrillation
• Biphasic wave form: 120- 200 J
• Monophasic wave form: 360 J
• AED- device specific
• Failure of a single adequate shock to restore a
pulse should be followed by continued CPR and
second shock delivered after five cycles of CPR
32. HOW TO USE DEFIBRILLATOR
SAFETY
• If patient not intubated remove o2 delivery devices
• If intubated either leave bag valve resuscitator
attached to Et or remove it
• If available use self adhesive defibrillation pads
• Do not place over pacemakers
• Remove transdermal patches.
33. PROCEDURE
• Place sternal paddle over right of the sternum
below clavicle
• Place apical paddle in mid axillary line in 5th IC
space
• Switch on the defibrillator
• Charge the defibrillator to 200J or 360J
• Warn all other rescuers to stand clear- ‘ARE YOU
CLEAR’
• Visually check all are clear
• Ensure yourself you are not touching patient or
bed ‘I AM CLEAR’
36. Automatic External Defibrillator
• Switch on AED.
• Attach electrode pads.
• Place electrodes as that of
manual one
• Follow voice commands
• Make sure no one in contact
with patient
• Push shock button.
37. 1-Shock Protocol Versus 3-
Shock Sequence
• Evidence from 2 well-conducted pre/post design
studies suggested significant survival benefit with
the single shock defibrillation protocol compared
with 3-stacked-shock protocols
• If 1 shock fails to eliminate VF, the incremental
benefit of another shock is low, and resumption of
CPR is likely to confer a greater value than
another shock
38. Airway and Ventilations
• Opening airway – Head tilt, chin lift or jaw thrust, in
addition explore the airway for foreign bodies, dentures
and remove them.
53. Routes of Administration
Peripheral IV – must followed by 20 ml NS push
Central IV – fast onset of action, but do not wait or
waste time for CV line
Intraosseous – alternative IV route in peds, also in
Adult
Intratracheally (down an ET tube)- not
recommended now a days
55. Amiodarone (Cordarone)
Indications:
Vtach, Vfib
• IV Dose:
• 300 mg in 20-30 ml of N/S
• Supplemental dose of 150 mg in 20-30 ml of N/S
• Followed with continuous infusion of 1 mg/min for 6
hours then .5mg/min to a maximum daily dose of
2grams
• Contraindications:
56. Lidocaine
• Indications:
VT, VF
Can be toxic so no longer given prophylactically
• IV dose :
1-1.5 mg/kg bolus then continuous infusion of 2-4
mg/min
Can be given down ET tube
• Signs of toxicity:
slurred speech, seizures, altered consciousness
57. Magnesium
Used for refractory VF or VT caused by hypomagnesemia
and Torsades de Pointes
Dose:
1-2 grams over 2 minutes
• Side Effects
Hypotension
Asystole
58. • Propranolol/ Esmolol
• Beta blocker that may be useful for VF and VT that
has not responded to other therapies
• Very useful for patients whose cardiac emergency
was precipitated by hypertension
59. Epinephrine
• Alpha, beta-1, and beta-2 stimulation
• Increases heart rate, stroke volume and blood pressure
• IV Dose:
1 mg every 3-5 minutes
May increase ischemia because of increased O2
demand by the heart
60. Sodium Bicarbonate
• METABOLIC acidosis / hyperkalemia
• Airway and ventilation have to be functional
• IV Dose:
– 1 mEq/kg
• Side effects:
• Metabolic alkalosis
• Increased CO2 production
64. ADENOSINE
•Slows conduction time through the A-V node, can
interrupt the reentry pathways through the A-V node
• Pottasium channel opener and hyperpolarisation
• IV Dose:
6 mg rapid iv push, follow with NS flush..
Second dose 12 mg
Side effects:- Flushing of face, bronchospasm
66. Objectives
• Optimize cardiopulmonary function and vital organ
perfusion.
• After out-of-hospital cardiac arrest, transport
patient to an appropriate hospital with a
comprehensive post–cardiac arrest treatment
• Transport the in-hospital post– cardiac arrest
patient to an appropriate critical-care unit
• Try to identify and treat the precipitating causes of
the arrest and prevent recurrent arrest