Cardioversion is a procedure that uses electric shock or drugs to convert an abnormal heart rhythm back to normal. There are two main types - electrical cardioversion, which delivers a synchronized electric shock, and pharmacological cardioversion, which uses antiarrhythmic drugs. Electrical cardioversion can be elective or emergency, while pharmacological cardioversion utilizes various classes of drugs like beta blockers, sodium channel blockers, and calcium channel blockers to restore normal rhythm. The document outlines the differences between cardioversion and defibrillation, indications and contraindications for cardioversion, recommendations, procedure steps, complications, and drug options for pharmacological cardioversion.
Defibrillator power point presentation for medical studentsNehaNupur8
complete information about defibrillator , that is introduction, definition, types, procedure, checklist, nursing consideration, post defibrillation care , precautions, related care, new research, summary and bibliography.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
Comprehensive presentation on intra arterial blood pressure with a good insight into the the basic physics and brief look into the risks and complications.
The CVP catheter is an important tool used to assess right ventricular function and systemic fluid status. Normal CVP is 2-6 mm Hg. CVP is elevated by : overhydration which increases venous return.
Defibrillator power point presentation for medical studentsNehaNupur8
complete information about defibrillator , that is introduction, definition, types, procedure, checklist, nursing consideration, post defibrillation care , precautions, related care, new research, summary and bibliography.
Advanced cardiac life support or advanced cardiovascular life support (ACLS) refers to a set of clinical interventions for the urgent treatment of cardiac arrest, stroke and other life-threatening medical emergencies, as well as the knowledge and skills to deploy those interventions.
Advanced Cardiovascular Life Support (ACLS) is the pre-eminent resuscitation course for the recognition and intervention of cardiopulmonary arrest or other cardiovascular emergencies.
Comprehensive presentation on intra arterial blood pressure with a good insight into the the basic physics and brief look into the risks and complications.
The CVP catheter is an important tool used to assess right ventricular function and systemic fluid status. Normal CVP is 2-6 mm Hg. CVP is elevated by : overhydration which increases venous return.
A complete Theoretical as well as practical aspects of Cardiac defibrillation with the definition,history,defibrillator and cardiovesrsion,Equipments,pre procedural consideration,care of patient before and after defibrillation,cardiac defibrillation procedure steps with rationale,complications,documentation and legal aspects
A deep dive into management of cardiac arrhythmia from a Critical Care perspective. Covers brady- and tachyarrhythmias and management of both the stable and unstable patient.
Defibrillation -cardioversion Cardioversion is a medical procedure by which a...jagan _jaggi
Defibrillation is a technique used in emergency medicine to terminate ventricular fibrillation or pulseless ventricular tachycardia. It uses an electrical shock to reset the electrical state of the heart so that it may beat to a rhythm controlled by its own natural pacemaker cells.
Cardioversion is a medical procedure by which an abnormally fast heart rate (tachycardia) or other cardiac arrhythmia is converted to a normal rhythm using electricity or drugs.
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TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
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Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Anti ulcer drugs and their Advance pharmacology ||
Anti-ulcer drugs are medications used to prevent and treat ulcers in the stomach and upper part of the small intestine (duodenal ulcers). These ulcers are often caused by an imbalance between stomach acid and the mucosal lining, which protects the stomach lining.
||Scope: Overview of various classes of anti-ulcer drugs, their mechanisms of action, indications, side effects, and clinical considerations.
MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
2. cardioversion
Learning Objectives
Difference between cardioversion and defebrilation
Types of cardioversion
1. Electrical
Elective
Emergency
2. Chemical or pharmacological
3. Cardioversion:
A procedure by which an abnormal heart
rate (arrhythmia) is converted to a normal
rhythm using electricity or drugs.
therapeutic dose of electric current
is used at a specific moment in the
cardiac cycle ( R wave )
it can be performed safely in pregnant
women with fetal heart rate monitoring.
uses a therapeutic dose of electric current to the heart at a random moment in the
cardiac cycle.
is the most effective resuscitation measure for cardiac arrest associated with ventricular
fibrillation and pulseless ventricular tachycardia.
Defibrilators may be
1. External 2.internal. 3. ICD( implantable cardioversion defeb) 4:AED
4. Cardioversion vs defebrilation
Sync on R wave
For peri arest tachyarhtmias
Usually elective
Low energy
Escalate for next shock (
100,200,300,360)
Done for
A Feb
A flutters
V tach with pulse
Not sync
For arrest
Always emergency
High energy
No escalate for next shock
Done for
Vent feb
V tach + pluseless
5. Types of cardioversion
1. Electric cardioversion
It is a procedure in which a synchronized electrical shock is delivered
through the chest wall to the heart through special electrodes or paddles
that are applied to the skin of the chest and back.
Basic principles is During defibrillation and cardioversion, electrical current
travels from the negative to the positive electrode by traversing myocardium. It
causes all of the heart cells to contract simultaneously. This interrupts and
terminates abnormal electrical rhythm. This, in turn, allows the sinus node to
resume normal pacemaker activity.
a. Elective:
For elective cardioversion, patient should be anti coagulated 3-4 weeks
before and after cardioversion
Exclude Thromboembolism through TEE
b. Emergency:
It is used in emergency situations to correct a rapid abnormal rhythm
associated with faintness, low blood pressure, chest pain, difficulty
breathing, or loss of consciousness.
6. Indications & Contraindications
Indications:
V. tachycardia with pulse (ventricular rate >150) who is unstable
(chest pain, pulmonary edema, lightheadedness, hypotension)
Atrial fibrillation
Atrial flutter
Atrial tachycardia
Contraindications •
Presence of left atrial thrombus.
Digitalis toxicity or hypokalemia.
Sinus tachycardia caused by various clinical conditions and
catecholamine-induced arrhythmia.
7. Recommendations for Direct-current Cardioversion of Atrial
Fibrillation
1. Class I:
When a rapid ventricular response does not respond promptly to pharmacological
measures for patients with AF with ongoing myocardial ischemia, symptomatic
hypotension, angina or hear faliure, immediate R-wave synchronized direct-current
cardioversion is recommended. (Level of Evidence: C)
AF involving preexcitation when very rapid tachycardia or hemodynamic instability
occurs. (Level of Evidence: B).
Cardioversion is recommended in patients without hemodynamic instability when
symptoms of AF are unacceptable to the patient. In case of early relapse of AF after
cardioversion, repeated cardioversion attempts may be made following
administration of antiarrhythmic medication. (Level of Evidence: C)
2. Class IIa :
Direct-current cardioversion can be useful to restore sinus rhythm as part of a long-
term management strategy for patients with AF. (Level of Evidence: B).
Patient preference is a reasonable consideration in the selection of infrequently
repeated cardioversions for the management of symptomatic or recurrent AF. (Level
of Evidence: C)
8. Equipment:
Defibrillator with a synchronising button.
Emergency trolley with emergency drugs; ( lignocaine,
atropine, and adrenaline ).
Oxygen mask, intubation equipment, airway .
Monitor and continuous recording facilities (BP,ECG,
SpO2).
Intravenous access • Suction device
9. 1. Antero-posterior placement of
paddles(1,1)
single paddle is placed on the left
fourth or fifth intercostal space on
the midaxillary line
the other paddle is placed just to
the right of the sternal edge on the
second or third intercostal space.
2. Antero-lateral placement of
paddles Positioning of Paddles
(2,2)
A single paddle is placed to the
right of the sternum, as above.
The other paddle is placed
between the tip of the left scapula
and the spine. Conductive gel are
commonly used to ensure good
contact,
10. Preparing for a Cardioversion
Do not eat or drink for at least eight hours prior to the
procedure.
Blood thining medicines may be given with electrical
cardioversion to prevent clots
Take your regularly scheduled medications the morning of
the procedure unless your medical practitioner has told you.
Stop digoxin 48 hours prior to the procedure
Do not apply any lotions or ointments to chest or back as
this may interfere with the adhesiveness of the shocking
pads.
11. Procedure Steps
Place paddles so that they do not touch pts clothing or bed linens
Ensure monitor is attached.
Do not charge the machine untill ready to shock.
Exert 25 pound pressure on the paddle .
Ensure you and every body is free of the pat.
Inspect skin for burns.
Record the delivered energy.
Sedate patient with a short-acting agent such as midazolam or propofol and an
opioid analgesic, such as fentanyl.
Reversal agents, such as flumazenil and naloxone, should be available.
12. Complications
uncommon but may include:
Harmless arrhythmias, such as atrial, ventricular, and junctional
premature beats.
Serious complications include ventricular fibrillation (VF)
severe bradycardia or asystole
Thromboembolization
Bruising, burning or pain where the paddles were used.
Myocardial necrosis can result from high-energy shocks.
ST segment elevation can be seen immediately and usually lasts
for 1-2 minutes.
ST segment elevation that lasts longer than 2 minutes usually
indicates myocardial injury unrelated to the shock.
Pulmonary edema is a rare complication of cardioversion. It is
probably due to transient left atrial standstill and left ventricular
systolic dysfunction.
13. Pharmacologic cardioversion
Various antiarrhythmic agents can be used to return the
heart to normal sinus rhythm specially in patients with
fibrillation of recent onset.
Drugs like amiodarone, diltiazem, verapamil and
metoprolol are frequently given before cardioversion to
decrease the heart rate, stabilize the patient and increase
the chance that cardioversion is successful.
14. Class I
They are sodium channel blockers (which slow
conduction by blocking the Na+ channel)
Class Ia: Procainamide, quinidine and disopyramide
Class 1b: drugs include lidocaine, mexiletine and
phenytoin.
Class Ic :Flecainide, moricizine and propafenone
15. Class II
They are beta blockers which inhibit SA and AV node
depolarization and slow heart rate.
They also decrease cardiac oxygen demand and can
prevent cardiac remodeling.
some are cardio selective (affecting only beta 1
receptors, metoprolol,nebivolol) while others are non-
selective (affecting beta 1 and 2 receptors).
16. Class III, Class IV
agents (prolong repolarization by blocking outward K+
current).
amiodarone and sotalol
Class iv drugs are calcium (Ca) channel blockers. They
work by inhibiting the action potential of the SA and AV
nodes.
Deltiazem