The document discusses the concepts of acids, bases, buffers, and pH levels, as well as the body's three mechanisms for maintaining acid-base balance: buffering, respiratory compensation, and metabolic compensation. It defines buffers as solutions that prevent significant changes in hydrogen ion concentration and outlines various buffer systems, including the bicarbonate, phosphate, and protein buffer systems. Additionally, it briefly mentions conditions such as respiratory and metabolic acidosis and alkalosis.

1. MS.SHILPI DAMOR
ASSISTANT PROFESSOR,DEPTT. OF ZOOLOGY
PODDAR GROUP OF INSTITUTIONS,JAIPUR

2. • Acids:-are substances that dissociate or lose ions.
• Bases:-are substances capable of accepting ions.
• Buffer:-is substance that reacts with acids and
bases to maintain neutral environment of stable
PH.
• pH:-represent the free hydrogen ions
concentration.

3. One part
acid
part 20
base
=

5. The body has three mechanisms to maintain
acid-base balance:
• Buffering mechanism.
• The respiratory compensation mechanism.
• The metabolic or renal compensation
mechanism.

7. • Acid-base buffer is defined as a solution
containing two or more chemical
compounds that prevent marked change in
hydrogen ions.
• Buffers act immediately to trap(
H+)temporarily until respiratory and renal
mechanism act. They only minimize the
change in(H+)concentration.

8. 1- Bicarbonate buffer system.
2- Phosphate buffer system.
3- Protein buffer system.
a- Plasma proteins.
b- Hemoglobin.
c-Tissue proteins.

40. Respiratory acidosis.
Respiratory alkalosis.
Metabolic acidosis.
Metabolic alkalosis.

41. 25