This document presents information on abruption placenta from a nursing college presentation. It defines abruption placenta as premature separation of a normally situated placenta after 28 weeks of gestation. It discusses the incidence, risk factors like maternal age and hypertension, signs and symptoms like vaginal bleeding and abdominal pain, diagnosis using ultrasound and coagulation tests, and management including fluid replacement, blood transfusion, and sometimes c-section. Nursing care focuses on monitoring maternal and fetal vital signs and blood loss, providing comfort, and watching for complications of abruption placenta like shock.
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
This ppt is made by Mr. arkab khan pathan under guidance of Mrs. RAKHI GOAR. this ppt contain the detail and all the lecture notes of HEG.
THANK YOU.
Arkab khan
Many women experience some minor disorders during pregnancy.
Every system of the body may be affected during pregnancy. These disorders, however , are not minor to the pregnant woman.
Hydatidiform Mole (HM) is a rare mass or growth that forms inside the uterus at the beginning of a pregnancy. It is a type of gestational trophoblastic disease (GTD).
When a normal sperm cell fertilizes one of these oocytes, the resulting embryo has only one set of chromosomes. Because the embryo has no genes from the mother, the pregnancy cannot develop normally, resulting in a hydatidiform mole.
This ppt is made by Mr. arkab khan pathan under guidance of Mrs. RAKHI GOAR. this ppt contain the detail and all the lecture notes of HEG.
THANK YOU.
Arkab khan
Placental abruption is premature separation of placenta from the uterus/ in other words separates before childbirth.
It occurs most commonly around 25 weeks of pregnancy characterized by vaginal bleeding, lower abdominal pain, and dangerously low blood pressure
Under the topic of (APH) I talked about the most common causes of (APH) which are placental causes, including Placental Abruption, Placenta Previa and Vasa previa and I depended on the most famous obstetric and gynecological books, Like:
1-An evidence-based text for MRCOG, THIRD EDITION. 2016
2-Bedside Obstetrics and Gynecology (2010)
3-Differential_Diagnosis_in_Obstetrics and gynecology
And other books
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MANAGEMENT OF ATRIOVENTRICULAR CONDUCTION BLOCK.pdfJim Jacob Roy
Cardiac conduction defects can occur due to various causes.
Atrioventricular conduction blocks ( AV blocks ) are classified into 3 types.
This document describes the acute management of AV block.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
1. MITTAL COLLEGE OF NURSING
PRESENTATION ON
ABRUPTION PLACENTA
SUBJECT :- OBSTETRIC $ GYNECOLOGY
SUBMITTED TO, SUBMITTED BY
MRS SNEHLATA PARASHAR Miss MADHU CHOUDHARY
M.SC LECTURER B.Sc Nursing
(OBG $ GYN) IVth Year
SUBMITTETED
DATE :- 08/04/2019
2. Specific objective
1.To discuss the introduction of A.P.
2.Definition of A.P.
3.To enumarate etiological factorsrisk factors.
4.To discuss the incidence of A.P.
5.To explain about the types of A.P.
6.To discuss the signs and symptoms of A.P.
7.To explain diagnosis and management.
3. INTRODUCTION-
• It is form of ante partum
haemorrhage[APH] it is genital bleeding
during pregnancy after the 20th to 24th
week of pregnancy up to delivery.
• APH is a two types-;
• 1.placenta previa.
• 2.Abruption placenta.
4. DEFINITION
Abruption placenta are defined as
premature separation of a
normally situated placenta after
28 weeks gestation and before
birth of the baby.
5. INCIDENCE
• 1. INCIDENCE -1;150
• 2 HISTORY OF ABRUPTION-5-17%
• 3 SMOKING -90% INCREASE IN RISK
• 4 PRIMI GRAVIDA -1%
• 5 MULTI GRAVIDA-2.5%
7. AETIOLOGY
• 1.Infection
• 2.Trauma Injury
• 3.Malnutrition
• 4.Somking
• 5.Advancing age of mother
• 6.Poor socio – economic condition
• 7. Folic acid deficiency
• 8. Hypertension
• 9 Cocaine use [risk of up to 10%]
8. RISK FACTORS
• 1. High birth order
• 2. Maternal age;- pregnant women who are
younger than 20 or older than 35 are at greater
risk .
• 3. maternal trauma , such as motor vehicle
accidents , falls, or nosocomial.
• 4. Hypertension.
• 5.Malnutrition , low socio economic status.
• 6. cocaine abuse.
11. TYPES OF A.P
• A.P IS three types ;-
• 1. Revealed types
• 2. concealed types
• 3. mixed types
• 1 Revealed types ;- this is commonest type .
Blood expell out throuhg vagina.
• 2 concealed types;- in this type blood collects
behind the seprated placenta .
12. 3 Mixed type;- in this type , some part of the blood
collects inside and some part is expelled out usually
one variety predominates over the other .
TYPES OF A.P
13. ACCORDING TO CLINICAL
• GRADE 0;-
-No signs and symptoms show in A.P.
-Through diagnosis fetal heart rate check.
-Vaginal bleeding absent .
.GRADE 1;- 45% causes.
-less than 15% blood loss in total blood.
-mild separation of the placenta.
-no complication and shock absent.
-F.H.S normal and vaginal bleeding present.
14. GRADE 2 ;
-Moderate separation of the placenta.
-F.H.S rate decrease.
-Total blood loss 25%.
-It is complicated grade.
GRADE 3 ;
-Severe separation of the placenta.
-more than 30% total blood loss.
-Shock condition in women.
-Fetal heart rate absent.
-Fetal death.
15. Sign and symptom=
• 1.painfull vaginal bleeding ,abdominal pain
,uterine irritability is called classical sign and
symptom
2dark vaginal bleeding
• 3.recurrent bleeding
• 4.Urine output usually diminished.
• 5.uterus hard
• 6.anemia.
• 7.shock and back pain .
• 8.uterine tenderness .
16. Diagnosis=
• 1.ultrasonography.
• 2.coagulation profile to rule out diminish
disseminated intravascular coagulation.=
• -clotting time.
• -Bleeding time.
• -Platelet count .
• -Fibrinogen level.
• -prothrombin and partial prothrombin time .
• 3.renal function test .
22. NURSING CARE -
• 1.All maternal and fetal vital sign shuold be
frequently and recorded carefully .
• 2.the amount and nature of bleeding to be
assessd and recorded.
• 3.contraction pattern cervical status to be
monitor if the women is the active labor.
• 4.urinary output and skin colour should be
observe and recorded.
• 5. physical comfort and emotional support must
be provided the women must be assisted to rest
in left lateral position .
23. 6.Fundal height and abdominal girth with are to
be measured hourly .
• 7.an increase indicate continued bleeding
behind the placenta.
• 8 FHR is should be monitor continously and
oxygen to be administer to relive hypoxia .
• 9.obervation must be made for any
developing complication such as .hypotension
,hypovolemia ,shock and DIC .
• 10.Avoding in smoking and alcohol .
24. PREVENTION
• Primary prevention =
• 1. to avoid in smoking and alcohol.
• 2.take the prenatal folic acid .
• 3.control high blood pressure .
• 4. reduce risk of trauma .
• 5.to promote safe care environment .
• 6.keep the regular schedule of prenatal
checks .
• 7.to avoid the risk factor and complication.
25. Secondary prevention
• 1.fetal anomalies .
• 2.history of prior preterm labour .
• 3.multiple gestation.
• 4.uterine anomalies .
• 5.series of maternal disease .
• 6.idiopathic .
26. BIBLOIOGRAPHY
1. a textbook of obstetric including
perinatiology at contraception and edition
richa saxsena,D.C DATTA.
2. Textbook of obstetric nursing Dc dutta page
no 113-12
3. Text book of high risk pregnancy of delivery
fourth edition .page no .421-425.
