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This document discusses the accumulation and biomagnification of toxins in organisms over time. It provides examples of how certain toxins like DDT, PCBs, and flame retardants can accumulate in animals higher up the food chain at increasingly concentrated levels. These toxins are often persistent, breaking down very slowly or not at all in the environment, and can cause health problems in humans and other organisms that consume them.
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This document discusses biomagnification and bioaccumulation of toxic pollutants in ecosystems. It explains that some pollutants can accumulate in organisms over time and increase in concentration as they move up the food chain. This poses risks because small amounts released into the environment can build up to toxic levels in top predators like humans. Specific examples of pollutants that biomagnify, such as mercury and DDT, are described in detail to illustrate how they persist and concentrate in wildlife and people.
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This review article is for researcher and was also written for public readers to give attention to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds which are persistent organic pollutants generated by human activity and have left a string of disasters in the wake of their accidental release. It induce toxicity in both animal and human leading to cancer, immune deficiency, reproductive and developmental abnormalities, central and peripheral nervous system pathology, endocrine disruption, including diabetes and thyroid disorders , decreased pulmonary functions and bronchitis, altered serum testosterone level, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, skin rashes, including, rarely, chloracne or acne caused by chlorine-containing organic chemicals, hypertrichosis, liver damage, elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides leading to cardiac diseases.
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Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) works by rapidly switching a carrier among many frequency channels, using a pseudorandom sequence known to both transmitter and receiver. The transmitter hops from one frequency to another, transmitting short bursts of information on each channel in turn. The receiver hops in synch to receive the signals. This makes the signal resistant to interference and jamming as an eavesdropper would need to know the hop sequence to intercept the entire message coherently.
Chemistry of benzene
Benzene is an organic compound with the formula C6H6 that is a colorless, flammable liquid. It is a natural constituent of crude oil and is produced industrially from petroleum as well as through catalytic reforming, toluene hydrodealkylation, toluene disproportionation, and steam cracking. Benzene's structure involves delocalized pi bonding that contributes to its stability and defines its chemical properties. It is used mainly to produce other chemicals including styrene, phenol, cyclohexane, and naphthalene.
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The document discusses different types of phrases in English grammar including noun phrases, verb phrases, adjective phrases, adverbial phrases, prepositional phrases, gerundive phrases, participial phrases, and infinitive phrases. It provides examples and explanations of the structure and functions of each type of phrase. The key information discussed includes the components and order of elements in different phrases, as well as how phrases can function within sentences.
Spread spectrum modulation
This document provides an overview of spread spectrum technologies including frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS) and direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS). It defines spread spectrum, describes how data is modulated at different rates using DSSS, explains FHSS and DSSS in detail, and lists factors that impact wireless signal performance. Key aspects covered include the FCC regulations for unlicensed use of spread spectrum in the 2.4GHz band, how DSSS spreads and encodes data across multiple frequencies, and how FHSS rapidly hops between frequencies to transmit information.
Frequency hopping spread spectrum
Frequency hopping spread spectrum (FH-SS) is a type of spread spectrum technique where the available channel bandwidth is divided into a large number of frequency slots arranged continuously. A transmitted signal occupies one or more of the available frequency slots, with the frequencies selected pseudo-randomly based on the output of a pseudo-noise generator. There are two types of FH-SS: slow FH-SS where one or more data bits are transmitted within one hop, and fast FH-SS where one data bit is divided over multiple hops. FH-SS provides advantages like improved interference rejection, code division multiplexing for CDMA, secure communication, and increased capacity and spectral efficiency. It is used in military communication systems, satellite communication,
Spread spectrum techniques
There are four main types of spread spectrum techniques: direct sequence spread spectrum (DSSS), frequency hopping spread spectrum (FHSS), time hopping spread spectrum (THSS), and hybrid techniques. DSSS uses a pseudo-noise code to spread the bandwidth of digital data. FHSS discretely shifts the carrier frequency in a pattern determined by a code sequence. THSS varies the period and duty cycle of a pulsed RF carrier in a pseudo-random manner. Hybrid techniques combine methods, such as DSSS and FHSS, to leverage advantages from multiple techniques.
Spread Spectrum
The document provides an overview of spread spectrum techniques, including:
- A brief history noting its invention in the 1940s and military applications since the 1950s.
- Three main types of spread spectrum are described: direct sequence, frequency hopping, and time hopping.
- Direct sequence spread spectrum is explained in more detail, showing how the information signal is modulated by a spreading sequence.
- Advantages of spread spectrum techniques include resistance to jamming, ability to handle multipath interference, privacy, and allowing multiple access through different spreading codes.
Organic Chemistry : Aromatic Compound (Benzene)
To study the properties, nomenclature and the physical as well chemical reactions of aliphatic and alkyl benzene. Might as well as the usage of benzene in our daily life routine
3 models of communication
The document discusses 3 models of communication:
1) The linear model involves one-way communication without feedback.
2) The interactive model features two-way communication with intervals between responses.
3) The transactional model involves all parties communicating simultaneously through verbal and non-verbal cues like facial expressions. Examples are provided for each model in the context of showing love.
Clauses And Phrase
The document discusses different types of phrases and clauses. There are three types of phrases: prepositional phrases, which begin with a preposition and modify a noun; adjectival phrases, which act as adjectives; and adverbial phrases, which act as adverbs. There are also two types of clauses: independent clauses, which can stand alone as a sentence; and dependent clauses, which cannot stand alone and contain a subordinating conjunction. The document provides examples of different types of phrases and clauses.
មេរៀនៈ Data Structure and Algorithm in C/C++
This document provides an introduction to a lecture on data structures and algorithms. It discusses the lecturer's contact information and expectations for reading ahead of lectures. It then covers topics that will be discussed in the course, including programs and programming, introduction to programming, crafting programs effectively, what makes a good program, and why data structures and algorithms are important subjects. The document provides an overview of what will be covered in the course.
Phrases - what are phrases and types of phrases
This document defines and provides examples of different types of phrases. A phrase is a group of words that does not contain both a subject and predicate. There are seven main types of phrases: verb phrases, prepositional phrases, participial phrases, infinitive phrases, gerund phrases, appositive phrases, and adverbial phrases. Each type is defined and an example is given to illustrate how it functions within a sentence.
Models of communication
There are several models that describe the communication process:
- Linear models (like Lasswell's and Aristotle's) describe a one-way process from sender to receiver but lack feedback.
- Interactive models (like Schramm's) involve two-way communication between sender and receiver with feedback; overlap in their "fields of experience" facilitates understanding.
- Transactional models (like Barlund's) view communication as a simultaneous, circular process with sender and receiver exchanging roles; noise and interpretation affect the message exchange.
- Shannon-Weaver focused on quantifying communication and introduced the concept of "noise" disrupting the message transmission from sender to receiver.
Organic Compounds
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Food pollution threatens our liver
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Eutrophication1
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Ab biomagnification final edition yasen,duc,mitev
- 1. Yasen Nikolov, Duc Do & Petar Mitev
Editor's Notes
- These chlorinated oils have a low degree of reactivity. They are not flammable, have high electrical resistance, good insulating properties and are very stable even when exposed to heat and pressure. All in all, they seemed to be the perfect oil for use in dielectric fluids, and as insulators for transformers and capacitors.
- Transformers and capacitors Other electrical equipment including voltage regulators, switches, reclosers, bushings, and electromagnets Oil used in motors and hydraulic systems Old electrical devices or appliances containing PCB capacitors Fluorescent light ballasts Cable insulation Thermal insulation material including fiberglass, felt, foam, and cork Adhesives and tapes Oil-based paint Caulking Plastics Carbonless copy paper Floor finish
- Uses for PCBs quickly expanded to include hydraulic fluids, casting wax, carbonless carbon paper, compressors, heat transfer systems, plasticizers, pigments, adhesives, liquid cooled electric motors, fluorescent light ballasts, and the list goes on. Fat soluble!!!!
- Dark brown pigmentation of nails and skin, follicular accentuation, acne-form eruption, increased eye discharge, increased sweating at palms, and feeling of weakness were the most notable symptoms