This review article is for researcher and was also written for public readers to give attention to dioxins and dioxin-like compounds which are persistent organic pollutants generated by human activity and have left a string of disasters in the wake of their accidental release. It induce toxicity in both animal and human leading to cancer, immune deficiency, reproductive and developmental abnormalities, central and peripheral nervous system pathology, endocrine disruption, including diabetes and thyroid disorders , decreased pulmonary functions and bronchitis, altered serum testosterone level, nausea, vomiting, loss of appetite, skin rashes, including, rarely, chloracne or acne caused by chlorine-containing organic chemicals, hypertrichosis, liver damage, elevated serum cholesterol and triglycerides leading to cardiac diseases. So it is important to know about Polychlorinated dibenzo-p-dioxins (PCDDs), polychlorinated dibenzofurans (PCDFs) and polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs). Monitoring of these compounds is of great concern by using high-resolution gas chromatography high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRGC-HRMS) which is very expensive and time consuming. So we found that new reseaches tend to use and develpe new techniques as immunoassays by elisa and Q-PCR by detecting the increase in CYP1A1 mRNA levels gene, the TEQ of dioxins is deduced, compared with a TCDD standard, those methods may satisfy the growing demand for rapid and low cost analysis and to provide safe food for human consumption

1. Reham M. Abo Hashem *
*Alexandria food inspection laboratory, Animal health research
institute, Egypt

2. Dioxins are unwanted contaminants almost produced
by industrial processes, including: incineration,
chlorine bleaching of paper and pulp, and the
manufacture of some pesticides, herbicides, and
fungicides.
Dioxins and dioxin-like chemicals form a large group
of compounds which are structurally related, are
environmentally and biologically persistent, induce a
common spectrum of responses, and have a common
mechanism of action. This group includes
polychlorinated dibenzo-pdioxins (PCDDs),
dibenzofurans (PCDFs), biphenyls (PCBs), and related
compounds.

4. Dioxins did not exist prior to industrialization
except in very small amounts due to natural
combustion and geological processes.
The most toxic dioxin, TCDD is also called
Agent Orange which was used as Biological
Weapon in Vietnam War (1955-1975).

5. It was also found in Italy following industrial
explosion in 1976.
Today they are found in all humans, with
higher levels commonly found in persons living
in more industrialized countries

7. Dioxins are lipophilic compounds which
accumulate in the fat of animals. So present
in:
dairy products
meat
poultry
eggs
fish

8. Mechanism of action

9. Dioxin
Or
Dioxin-like
Compound
(DLC)
CELL

10. Ah receptor

12. Arnt
protein

13. Complex
With
Changed shape

15. DNA
NUCLEUS

16. Dioxins
do not cause
mutations
But
switch on genes

17. Switching on a gene
means producing a
specific messenger RNA
which codes for a
specific protein

18. messenger RNA
travels to the
ribosome
(= protein
factory)

19. In the ribosome
the messenger RNA
directs the
production of a
specific protein

20. New
protein

21. New
protein
New protein modifies
the activity of the cell

22. Cancer
Immune deficiency
Reproductive and
develpmental abnormalities
Central and peripheral
nervous system pathology
Diabetes
Thyroid disorders
Bronchitis
Liver damage
Cardiovascular disorders
Skin rashes
Chlorance
Enemal hypomineralization

23. Dioxins Analysis

24. High-resolution gas
chromatography/mass
spectrometry
(HRGC/HRMS). They
are considered
to be the most reliable
and sensitive methods
for determining the
congener-specific
concentrations of
dioxins.

25. but HRGC/HRMS has obvious disadvantages:-
First,this analytical method can only be
performed by highly trained specialists.
Second, it is very time-consuming.
Third, it requires extremely complicated and
expensive pretreatments, costly
instrumentation and high daily running cost to
maintain a standardized laboratory.

26. With the development of biotechnology,
approaches based on antibodies, such as
Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
(ELISA),
active aryl hydrocarbon immunoassay
(Ah-I) and
other multi-analyte immunoassays,
have been used as alternatives to the
conventional techniques based on gas
chromatography and mass spectroscopy
(HRGC/HRMS).

27. One of the biological
detection methods for
dioxins is Q-PCR by
detecting the increase in
CYP1A1 mRNA levels gene.
These screening methods
(ELISA & PCR) have been
verified as rapid, simple
and cost-effective.

28. 28
Thank
You