This document discusses air pollution in Bulgaria and its causes and effects. It notes that air pollution is worse now due to industrial development, motor vehicles, and population growth. The main sources of air pollutants in Bulgaria are old vehicles without catalytic converters, coal burning for heating, and industries like steel production. The document also examines air pollution measures in Mexico City and its geographical factors contributing to pollution problems from vehicles, power plants, and industry.

1. Human Impact on our Ecosystem Air Pollution Siyana Julia Boris

2. The Problem of Air Pollution Very old but much worse in modern times due to: Industrial development Motor cars Demographic boom Neglect of the environment (1)

3. Causes and Effects of Air Pollution

4. Sources of Pollutants Transportation (mainly automobiles) Carbon monoxide (CO) Hydrocarbons (HC) Nitrogen oxides (NOx) Power plants and other industrial facilities Fuel combustion in stationary sources Sulfur dioxide (SO 2 ) (1)

5. Types of Pollutants Carbon dioxide NOx – nitrogen oxide (NO), nitrogen dioxide (NO2), nitrous oxide (N2O) Sulfur and chlorofluorocarbons (CFC or freons) Particulate matter Smog (1)

6. Types of Pollutants

7. Specific Factors for Air Pollution in Bulgaria Large share of old vehicles without catalytic converters Lack of restrictions on imported second hand cars Heating – still a lot of coal burning in the countryside Metallurgy – steel production, non-ferrous metals (1)

8. Agenda 21

9. Principles of the environmental policy: polluter pays public right to know prevention (2)

10. Measures Economic methods penalties tax incentives emission fees duty-free importation of environmentally friendly equipment liability of the State Technologies conversation of industrial installations from coal/fuel oil to natural gas wider use of lead-free gasolene Training and Public awareness training of managerial staff media campaigns schools – curriculum and extra-curriculum activities (2)

11. Maritsa East

12. Mexico City Reasons for the air pollution: Geographical position: plateau, surrounded by mountains motor vehicles, power plants, industrial facilities, mining (4) Measures Taken: air quality improvement policies (pollution control devices) Reduce the use of private vehicles Change of fuels (5)

13. Mexico City

14. Statistics Pressure indicator: Air Emissions of nitrogen oxides (NOx) (3)

15. Statistics State indicator: Urban population exposure to air pollution by ozone (3)

16. Bulgaria 2000 2005 2006 Ceiling EU-27 average Rank in EU-27 Urban population exposure to air pollution by particles 20.4 55.6 55.4 30.0 30.0 23 out of 23 Urban population exposure to air pollution by ozone 200 (2001) 2 154 2 124 n.a. 4 417 3 out of 23 Air pollutant emissions (by 2010) EU27 total SO 2 1045 900 877 836 7946 NO 2 128 233 246 247 11198 NMVOCs 79 147 159 175 9391 NH 3 58 57 55 108 4006 H 2 O exploitation 1990 64.9% 2005 38.2% n.a. 26

17. Sources Socha, Tom. &quot;Air Pollution Causes and Effects&quot;. Jun 8, 2010 <http://healthandenergy.com/air_pollution_causes.htm>. &quot;NATURAL RESOURCE ASPECTS OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT IN BULGARIA&quot;. Sustainable Development. Jun 8, 2010 <http://www.un.org/esa/agenda21/natlinfo/countr/bulgaria/natur.htm>. European Commission, Part 2-Environment Policy Actions in the Member States Michaels, Patricia. &quot;Air Pollution in Mexico&quot;. Jun 15, 2010 <http://greennature.com/article827.html>. Yip , Maricela . &quot;Air Pollution in Mexico City&quot;. Jun 15, 2010 <http://www.sbg.ac.at/ipk/avstudio/pierofun/mexico/air.htm>.

18. Pictures Sources http://www.novinite.com/media/images/2010-03/photo_verybig_113882.jpg http://www.kosmosltd.net/images/agenda21.gif http://www.activeset.org/photos/joge/air_pollution_pl_600fix.jpg http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/File:Luftverschmutzung-Ursachen%26Auswirkungen.svg http://www.ew.govt.nz/PageFiles/660/emissionsindex.gif http://edition.cnn.com/WORLD/americas/9909/30/mexico.quake.01/mexico.mexico.city.jpg http://www.pollutionissues.com/images/paz_02_img0237.jpg http://www.buckminster.info/Pics/Energy/Ergy-Grid-Bulgaria.gif