Bioaccumulation betty neda aleks
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1) Bioaccumulation and biomagnification refer to the accumulation of substances up the food chain, resulting in increased concentrations at higher trophic levels. Bioaccumulation is the accumulation in tissues through any route of exposure, while biomagnification is the transfer between trophic levels in a food web. 2) Case studies show the negative effects of DDT and organochlorine pesticides. The use of DDT in Clear Lake killed midges but led to the death of western grebes. In Britain, organochlorine pesticides decreased sparrow hawk populations by weakening the eggshells of their prey. 3) Common pollutants that are known to bioaccumulate and biomagnify include
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Bioaccumulation is the accumulation of substances in an organism that are at higher concentrations than in the environment. Substances more likely to bioaccumulate are hydrophobic, not easily biodegraded, and can bind to fat tissues. Biomagnification occurs across trophic levels as predators accumulate higher concentrations than their prey. Certain persistent organic pollutants and metals like mercury are prone to biomagnification up the food chain. Both processes can lead to toxic effects, especially in top predators like polar bears and humans who face greater risks from consuming biomagnified pollutants in food over time.
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A 242-acre wetland area in Suisun Marsh was contaminated when over 100,000 gallons of diesel fuel was released from a pipeline spill. Responders divided the area into two divisions and implemented bioremediation to facilitate microbial degradation of the diesel in the soil. Soil and water sampling over time showed reductions in total petroleum hydrocarbons and shifts in biomarker ratios indicating biodegradation was occurring. While interim cleanup goals were met, questions remain about whether nutrient addition was necessary given other response measures undertaken. Timely application of nutrients in future spills could better evaluate bioremediation effectiveness.
Doctorate Dissertation
Ecotoxicity & Risk Assessment of Mercury in the Grand Bay National Estuarine Research Reserve:
Profiling Mercury Distribution in the NERR by Cold Vapor Atomic Absorption Spectrometery
Mercury in Utah: Should You be Concerned?
This document discusses mercury levels in Utah, focusing on levels found in fish and waterfowl from Great Salt Lake and other water bodies. It notes that mercury is a neurotoxin that poses risks, especially to pregnant women, nursing mothers, and young children. Studies have found elevated mercury levels in fish from certain reservoirs, leading to fish consumption advisories. Wildlife studies found elevated mercury in waterfowl from Great Salt Lake, particularly in northern shovelers. Food web studies traced mercury in the lake through brine shrimp, brine flies, and periphyton up to birds.
Mercury(hg) poisoning
Mercury poisoning can occur from exposure to elemental, inorganic, and organic mercury. Elemental mercury exposure is usually from inhalation and causes respiratory and neurological symptoms. Inorganic mercury ingestion can cause gastrointestinal and kidney damage. Organic mercury exposure primarily from contaminated seafood causes delayed neurological effects like tremors and ataxia. Diagnosis is made through blood, urine, hair, and clinical exams. Chelation therapy with BAL or DMSA may be used for significant exposures. Public education is important to prevent mercury exposure and proper disposal.
4 r poster
4 R's means Reuse, Reduce, Refuse and Recycle. It applies for solid waste management to minimize waste through the way of environment friendly. Here, you can see that the how to reuse, recycle, refuse and recycle of various types of solid waste to the TSDF sites which increases in the world day to day with the more requirement of this solid waste for the purpose of dumping.
Biosorption of heavy metals
Biosorption is a process where toxic heavy metals are removed from wastewater using biological material. It involves the binding of metals like arsenic, cadmium, iron, lead, and mercury to biomass like algae, fungi, bacteria and plants. The mechanisms of biosorption include ion exchange, chelation and physical adsorption to cell walls and membranes. Factors affecting biosorption are biomass concentration, pH, temperature. Biosorption has applications in wastewater treatment for industries like metal plating and mining due to its cost effectiveness and metal recovery abilities.
What is biosorption
Biosorption is the process by which inactive microbial biomass binds and concentrates heavy metals from aqueous solutions. The cell walls of certain algae, fungi and bacteria are responsible for this phenomenon. It has advantages over conventional treatment methods like low cost and high efficiency. Biosorption mechanisms can be metabolism-dependent or non-metabolism dependent, and removal can occur extracellularly, on the cell surface, or intracellularly. Factors like pH, biomass concentration, and interaction of metal ions affect biosorption. Common biosorbents include bacteria, fungi, algae and seaweed. Biosorption has environmental and industrial uses such as filtering wastewater and recovering metals.
Biomagnification and 10% law
This document discusses biomagnification, which is the increasing concentration of harmful substances like pesticides or mercury as you move up the trophic levels of a food chain. It begins by defining biomagnification and providing an example of how mercury concentrations increase from plankton to small fish to larger predatory fish. It then explains the processes of bioaccumulation, bioconcentration, and how substances can magnify due to their persistence and inability to break down or be excreted from organisms. Finally, it discusses the 10% law of energy transfer between trophic levels and provides a hypothetical example of how energy is lost at each level from the sun to plants to herbivores to carnivores.
Bioaccumulation and Biomagnification
Biomagnification refers to the increasing concentration of a pollutant that occurs as it moves up the food chain from lower to higher trophic levels. It occurs when substances are persistent, not easily broken down, and soluble in fats. As a result, organisms at the top of the food chain experience greater harm from toxins than those lower down. Examples include the accumulation of mercury in large predatory fish, which can then pose health risks to humans who consume such fish. The process involves pollutants being absorbed and concentrated at each level of the food chain.
Masters Proposal Powerpoint Presentation
The document summarizes a study on the bioaccumulation of metals in tigerfish (Hydrocynus vittatus) from three populations in South Africa. The study aims to show that tigerfish bioaccumulate metals through their predatory diet and experience stress as evidenced by biomarker responses. Tigerfish were sampled from the Olifants, Levuvhu, and Jozini Dam, representing varying degrees of metal contamination. Metal concentrations in water, sediment, and tigerfish tissue were measured along with biomarkers in tigerfish liver to evaluate stress responses over time and relate them to metal bioaccumulation levels. The results are expected to provide information on metal speciation, distribution, bioaccumulation patterns in tigerfish, and identify
Mercury Poisoning
The document discusses a case of 17 employees experiencing mercury poisoning from inhaling elemental mercury vapor released in a pharmaceutical factory laboratory. Their symptoms included sore throat, dizziness, and metallic taste. Treatment involved observation and symptomatic care; all patients recovered without complications. The document also provides background on the various forms of mercury, sources of exposure, toxic effects on organ systems, and challenges in diagnosing mercury poisoning due to nonspecific symptoms. Pregnant women are considered a high-risk group.
Minamata Mercury Pollution
The document discusses the Minamata mercury pollution incident that occurred in Japan between 1908 and 1959. It summarizes that:
1) A chemical factory began dumping mercury-laced wastewater into Minamata Bay in 1908, poisoning the local fishing community through the food chain over decades.
2) "Minamata disease" was discovered and linked to methylmercury poisoning in 1956 when residents developed neurological symptoms.
3) It took until 1959 to officially identify the factory as the source of pollution and order wastewater treatment, by which time many had died or suffered permanent injury from mercury exposure.
Bioremediation and biodegradation
This document discusses bioremediation and biodegradation strategies for cleaning the environment. It defines bioremediation as using microorganisms like Pseudomonas, Flavobacterium, and Azotobacter to remove toxic pollutants. Biodegradation is the breakdown of substances by microbes through biochemical reactions. Examples of microbes that aid biodegradation in different environments are provided. Recent approaches discussed include using earthworms, deep sea bacteria, and genetically modified organisms to remediate contamination.
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Microbial, Hydrobiological Indicators and Physicochemical Characteristics of ...
Microbial, Hydrobiological Indicators and Physicochemical Characteristics of ...SSR Institute of International Journal of Life Sciences
ABSTRACT This research paper presents the microbial and hydrobiological indicators and the physicochemical quality of water samples from a lentic ecosystem in Ibeno LGA, Nigeria, after sixteen (16) years of an aviation fuel spill. Using culture-dependent methodologies, the hydrocarbonoclastic bacterial and fungal counts (HBC & HFC) ranged from 3.4 x 104 to 1.2 x 105cfu/l and 4.7 x 103 to 1.8 x 104 cfu/l, respectively with the ratios of total heterotrophic bacterial counts to HBC and total fungal counts to HFC ranging from 8 to 12% and 15 to 22%, respectively. Predominant bacterial indicators included Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Micrococcus varians and Enterobacter aerogenes while predominant fungal indicators included Aspergillus niger, A. terreus, Candida sp, Saccharomyces sp, Phoma sp. and Botrytis sp. Predominant zooplanktons in the sampled area were rotatoria while the least were nematodes and followed the trend: Rotatoria > Copepoda > Cladocera > Nematoda. Water samples from the area showed evidence of oil sheen when disturbed; with pH values (6.2 to 7.8) tending generally towards neutral. Total petroleum hydrocarbon (TPH) from this aviation fuel-contaminated lentic system ranged from 81.5 mg/l to 505.2 mg/l. Dissolved oxygen (DO) were generally low with high BOD and COD of 46.3 mg/l and 321.1mg/l, respectively. Other physicochemical parameters were typical of lentic ecosystems in the Niger Delta region, Nigeria. The impact of this and many other spills are enormous. This confirms that it takes a long time for recovery once the environment is polluted.
Key-words: Aquatic pollution, Aviation fuel, Hydrobiological parameters, Hydrocarbonoclastic Microorganisms, Lentic ecosystem, Physicochemical characteristicsEcology
M. Sc., Microbiology Study Material (Semester-I, General Microbiology)
Department of Microbiology, School of Bioscience,
Periyar University, Salem.
Ecology
The distribution of microorganisms in nature depends on available resources and growth conditions like temperature, pH, water, light, and oxygen. Key environments include soil, freshwater, and marine. In soil, microbes play important roles in nutrient cycling and plant interactions through symbiotic relationships like mycorrhizal associations and nitrogen-fixing root nodules with legumes. Aquatic environments vary in properties and microbial compositions between oceans, lakes, and rivers. Microbes interact through neutral, commensal, and symbiotic relationships, while competing for resources and nutrients through biogeochemical cycles like carbon, nitrogen, and sulfur.
PCBs Polychlorinated biphenyls
Polychlorinated biphenyls (PCBs) are a group of man-made compounds that were widely used in the past, mainly in electrical equipment, but which were banned at the end of the 1970s in many countries because of environmental concerns.
Because these compounds are generally very stable, they remain present in the environment today.
What are the health risks associated with PCBs?
IB Biology Ecology Optional Topic C 2015
The document discusses key concepts in ecology including species, communities, ecosystems, trophic levels, and nutrient cycling. Some key points:
- A species is a group of organisms that can potentially interbreed, while a community is formed by populations of different interacting species living together. An ecosystem includes both the living community and the abiotic environment with which it interacts.
- Organisms are classified based on their method of nutrition as either autotrophs (producers) or heterotrophs (consumers, detritivores, saprotrophs). Energy and nutrients flow through ecosystems via trophic levels.
- Carbon and nutrient cycles like nitrogen and phosphorus are essential for continued availability of those elements
Research proposal
The document discusses a study that will examine the use of organic and inorganic fertilizers, as well as their combinations, to stimulate oil-degrading microbes in ex-situ bioremediation of a soil sample polluted with crude oil. The study aims to determine the treatment that maximizes the removal of total petroleum hydrocarbons from the soil, while also enumerating the abundance and diversity of oil-degrading microbes. The biodegradation process will be monitored by measuring various indicators over time. A soil analysis will first be conducted to obtain baseline properties of the polluted sample before treatments are applied. Lastly, the study will identify hydrocarbon-degrading bacteria to analyze changes in their relative diversity and
Executive Summary of Biochar Research 1.12.2016 (version 1.0) (2).docx Final
Biochar is a charcoal-like material produced from biomass through pyrolysis that can sequester carbon and improve soil water retention. Research shows biochar can effectively sequester carbon through its stable molecular structure and persist in soils for hundreds of years depending on production conditions. Studies also indicate biochar increases soil water retention by improving soil organic matter content and surface area. Based on these benefits, the document estimates converting 5.5 million dead trees in California to biochar could sequester over 17 million metric tons of carbon, generating over $227 million in carbon offset credits.
Advance Environment Biology Assignment
This document discusses the role of biodegradable products in environmental sustainability. It begins by defining biodegradation as the breakdown of organic matter by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. It then discusses how biotechnology can produce sustainable alternatives to polluting materials through biological processes. The document also examines the three stages of biodegradation - biodeterioration, biofragmentation, and assimilation. It provides timeframes for common materials to biodegrade in both terrestrial and marine environments. Finally, it discusses the environmental and social impacts of non-biodegradable pollution, such as threats to wildlife health, increased cleanup costs, and effects on coastal economies that rely on ecotourism.
Application of Biomolecules i- extracted from n Aquatic ecosystem (aquatic a...
This document discusses the application of biomolecules in aquatic environments. It begins by defining biomolecules as chemicals composed mainly of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, sulfur and phosphorus that are found in living organisms. It then discusses various types of biomolecules like micro and macromolecules, carbohydrates, lipids, proteins and nucleic acids. The document also discusses the roles and functions of lipids, proteins and enzymes. It explores the trophic transfer of essential biomolecules like fatty acids, vitamins and amino acids in aquatic food webs. Finally, it discusses forces influencing the environmental distribution of biomolecules and calls for further research on their role in food web dynamics.
EnE1.pptx
The PPt will discuss the principle of environmental science.
Credit to Science Dept. of Guimaras State College
Oxygen Interference in Methane Generation from Biodegradation of Solid Waste ...
Oxygen Interference in Methane Generation from Biodegradation of Solid Waste ...crimsonpublisherspps
The main solid wastes from tanneries are wet-blue shavings (chrome tanned leather) and sludge emitted mainly from waste-water treatment plants (WWTP). The main degradation process that occurs on solid media is anaerobic digestion. In this process the main products are methane (CH4), which has a high calorific value, and carbon dioxide (CO2); together these gases compose the emitted biogas. Methanogens, which are strict anaerobes, are responsible for the last step of anaerobic digestion and it is through their metabolism that methane is generated
https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/fulltext/PPS.000505.php
For more open access journals in Crimson Publishers
Please click on link: https://crimsonpublishers.com
For More Articles on Prime research material
Please click on: https://crimsonpublishers.com/pps/Bio-accumulation and-bio-magnification
Bio magnification occurs when toxic substances like heavy metals and pesticides increase in concentration in organisms at higher levels of the food chain. Certain chemicals can accumulate over time as they pass from prey to predator. This affects humans because many foods in our diet come from animals high in the food chain. Biodegradation is the process by which microorganisms break down organic matter into simpler substances. The rate depends on factors like temperature, pH, moisture, nutrients and oxygen availability. Heavy metals like mercury, cadmium and lead are toxic even in small amounts and can bioaccumulate in organisms over time through repeated exposure and insufficient excretion.
Nitrogen fixing microorganisms
This document summarizes nitrogen-fixing microorganisms. It discusses how biological nitrogen fixation is carried out by prokaryotes, either symbiotically within plant nodules like Rhizobia bacteria with legumes, or as free-living soil microbes like Azotobacter. A hierarchy of controls on nitrogen fixation is described from the genetic to ecosystem levels. Symbiotic nitrogen fixation provides a source of fixed nitrogen for plants in exchange for carbon from photosynthesis.
Chapters 21 23 ecology
Temperature, moisture, length of photosynthetic period, and nutrient availability affect net primary productivity in terrestrial ecosystems. Primary productivity is typically higher in coastal oceans due to nutrient inputs from land. Primary production fuels secondary production by consumers. There are two main food chains: grazing and detrital, with detrital dominating terrestrial ecosystems. Decomposition returns nutrients to the soil and is influenced by temperature, humidity, and oxygen levels. Biogeochemical cycles circulate essential elements through abiotic and biotic components, and nutrients can be lost through export, harvesting, and fire.
Bioremediation and biodegradation ellis 2012 final
Waste stabilization ponds can effectively treat domestic wastewater through natural bioremediation processes involving bacterial consortiums and microalgae. Microalgae grow quickly in the ponds, absorbing nitrogen and phosphorus pollutants that would otherwise cause eutrophication. The microalgae also produce oxygen and remove heavy metals. The harvested algal biomass can then be processed into high-value bioproducts like biofuels. However, additional nutrients may need to be added to match the microalgae's requirements, and developing efficient harvesting technologies remains a challenge. Overall, waste stabilization ponds provide a sustainable way to clean wastewater while producing microalgal feedstocks for bioproducts.
Ecology tools and techniques
Tools and Techniques with methods used in microbial ecology study. general ,not specific. Designed to meet the authors syllabus so may not be enough
Biofilm
This document provides information about biofilms. It begins with general information about what biofilms are and how they form and develop. It then discusses some positive applications of biofilms, including in bioremediation, water treatment, microbial leaching, and microbial fuel cells. Finally, it addresses some problems with biofilms. The document contains detailed information about biofilm structure, composition, formation processes, environmental factors that influence biofilms, and advantages they provide to microorganisms.
Biodegradation of Organic Compound and Plastic Materials
This document discusses biodegradation of organic compounds and plastics. It defines biodegradation as the breakdown of materials by microorganisms like bacteria and fungi. Biodegradation of organic compounds like hydrocarbons from oil spills involves many microorganisms and factors like temperature, nutrients, and surface area affect the rate. Plastics biodegradation depends on chemical structure and environmental conditions. Common microbes involved include fungi, bacteria and yeasts which secrete enzymes to break down polymers before absorbing fragments.
Bioaccumulation and biotransformation
The document discusses bioaccumulation and biotransformation. Bioaccumulation refers to the gradual buildup of pollutants in living organisms as they are absorbed at a higher concentration than what exists in the surrounding environment. There are three main types of bioaccumulation: organismal, trophic transfer through the food chain, and soil accumulation. Biotransformation is the process by which substances are chemically altered within an organism through metabolic reactions like oxidation, reduction and conjugation. Factors like uptake, storage, elimination and the substance's hydrophobicity determine how much bioaccumulation occurs.
Assignment 12-1
The document discusses the population dynamics of the legume-rhizobium symbiotic relationship. It notes that rhizobia bacteria live in nodules on legume roots and provide fixed nitrogen to the plant in exchange for energy sources. The relationship is complex, with natural selection favoring rhizobia that maximize nitrogen fixation while minimizing the carbon cost to the plant. An optimal balance must be reached for the mutualistic symbiosis to be sustainable.
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Biodegradation of Organic Compound and Plastic Materials
Biodegradation of Organic Compound and Plastic Materials
More from MrJewett
Invasive species 10_8 2011
Invasive species are species that are not native to an area and cause harm when introduced. Not all alien species are invasive, as some can be beneficial. Invasive species are often r-selected, tolerant of different habitats, and have no natural predators in their new environment. They outcompete native species and can alter ecosystems. They cause economic problems for agriculture. Common introduction methods are intentional and unintentional human transport. Prevention methods include laws, careful gardening, fishing, and travel to new areas. Eradication, natural enemies, and ecosystem management are used after introduction.
overfishing 10-8 2011
The document discusses the issue of overfishing and its negative impacts. It defines overfishing as catching fish faster than populations can replenish. While the world's oceans could theoretically support four planets' worth of fish, many species have become reduced or extinct due to overfishing. The document also examines fishing down the food chain, bycatch, bottom trawling, and how both overfishing and government subsidies of the fishing industry can harm marine ecosystems.
2011 10-5 - air pollution
The document discusses various sources and effects of air pollution. It focuses on nitrogen oxides, sulfur oxides, ground-level ozone, and particulate matter as major air pollutants. Sources discussed include transportation, industry, power plants, and residential heating. Effects on both human health and the environment are outlined, such as respiratory illnesses, acid rain, smog, and global warming. The document then examines specific issues related to air pollution in Bulgaria and Mexico City, and provides recommendations for reducing air pollution through alternatives to automobiles, cleaner fuels and technologies, better city planning, and individual lifestyle changes.
2011 10.5 overfishing
Overfishing has led to unsustainable depletion of global fish stocks, with 52% of stocks fully exploited, 20% overexploited, and 7% depleted. If overfishing continues at current rates, fish populations will further decline and collapse is expected by 2050, disrupting marine ecosystems and harming economies and food security. Specific concerns include declining tuna populations, with the Mediterranean bluefin tuna facing imminent extinction without fishing reductions.
2011 10 5 dams.ppt
Dams have several ecological impacts. They block sediment and change water flows, damaging fish habitats and interrupting lifecycles. Sediment builds up behind dams, increasing flood risks. Cleared water lacks nutrients and cover for downstream organisms. Stagnant water breeds diseases. Dams displace many people and change flooding patterns vital to agriculture. Major dams like China's Three Gorges and Egypt's Aswan dams displaced over 1 million and 60,000 people respectively.
Vitanova kirilov dimitrov 10 5 eutrophication
Eutrophication refers to an increase in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus in an aquatic ecosystem. This stimulates an overgrowth of algae known as algal blooms. The main sources of these excess nutrients are fertilizers and sewage from human activities. Algal blooms can deplete oxygen levels and block sunlight, harming other species and reducing biodiversity. Examples of eutrophication include the Baltic Sea and Gulf of Mexico "dead zone". Solutions involve reducing nutrient runoff from agriculture and improving waste water treatment.
Jetcheva filipova kalpakov raynova 10 4 inv species
The document discusses invasive species and their impacts. It provides examples of the brown rat and giant fern. Invasive species are often introduced by human actions and can harm ecosystems by disrupting native species, altering processes, and introducing diseases. They can also negatively impact economies by reducing land values and causing economic losses. Prevention efforts include restricting intentional introductions and early detection of new invaders.
Corrected lina momo iliyan air pollution 10 4
Air pollution is defined as gases, dust, smells, and fumes in harmful amounts that are released into the air. Major causes include factories, increased population, and burning fossil fuels. Examples are acid rain, smog, and the greenhouse effect. Effects are damage to health, environment, and visibility. Solutions proposed include tighter emissions standards, cleaner fuels, and increased public transportation to address traffic as a significant source of pollution especially in cities like Mexico City.
Kolev gergov minkovski_10-3_eutrophication
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes enriched in dissolved nutrients, usually nitrogen and phosphorus, that stimulate the growth of aquatic plant life usually resulting in the depletion of dissolved oxygen. It can occur naturally or be accelerated by human activities such as agriculture and development. When eutrophication is accelerated by human activities, it can negatively impact the balance of organisms in the body of water and potentially lead to algal blooms and fish kills due to low oxygen levels. Managing eutrophication involves reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and erosion.
Ch 55 ecosystems
The document summarizes key topics in ecosystems, including:
1) Ecosystems are defined as the sum of all organisms in an area and the abiotic factors they interact with. Energy flows and matter cycles through ecosystems.
2) Gross primary production (GPP) is the amount of light energy converted to chemical energy by autotrophs. Net primary production (NPP) is the amount remaining after respiration. NPP determines the base of the food chain.
3) Pyramids illustrate the transfer of numbers, biomass, and energy between trophic levels, with typically only 10% passing to each higher level.
Eutrophication teddy, veli, alex kanov
Eutrophication is the process by which a body of water becomes overly enriched with minerals and nutrients which induces excessive growth of algae. This excess algae growth eventually dies and decomposes, consuming oxygen and releasing toxins. As a result, oxygen levels in the water decrease and some aquatic life may die, creating "dead zones". Two major examples discussed are the Gulf of Mexico dead zone caused by fertilizer runoff from farming, and the Baltic Sea dead zone exacerbated by agricultural and municipal waste. Reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and wastewater is necessary to prevent further eutrophication.
Ecological impacts of dams & water diversions
Dams and water diversions can have both positive and negative ecological impacts. Positively, dams provide benefits like hydropower, irrigation, flood control and more. However, they can also harm wildlife such as disrupting fish migration and reducing sediments downstream. This impacts wetland species and water quality. Dams may also cause erosion of downstream areas and change water temperature, flow and salinity levels. Large dam projects have additionally displaced many people from their homes. Examples highlighted are the Hoover Dam on the Colorado River and the Aswan High Dam on the Nile River.
Air pollution katya and stoyan
The document discusses various types of air pollution including ground-level ozone, particulate matter, nitrogen oxides, and sulfur oxides. It provides examples of severe air pollution issues in Norilsk, Russia and London, England. Causes, health effects, and some solutions are described for each type of pollution.
Overfishing by yuliya_miryana_bedros
Overfishing has led to declines in fish populations and damaged ocean ecosystems. Early overfishing in the 1800s depleted whale populations for oil. After WWII, efforts to increase protein availability quadrupled fishing capacity. Today the annual global fish catch exceeds 120 million tons, though overfishing is reducing populations of many species. Destructive fishing methods like bottom trawling damage coral reefs and seafloor habitats. Bycatch and discarded catch also contribute to declining fish and other marine species. No-take zones that prohibit all fishing have helped restore some ecosystems and fish populations.
Eutrophication1
Eutrophication is caused by excess nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus entering water bodies from sources like agricultural and urban runoff. This causes harmful algae blooms which can reduce oxygen levels and kill fish and aquatic life. Two examples are the hypoxic "Dead Zone" in the Gulf of Mexico caused by Mississippi River runoff and a large "Dead Zone" in the Baltic Sea from Swedish and Finnish fertilizer use. Preventing eutrophication requires reducing nutrient inputs from fertilizers and sewage as well as planting vegetation to absorb excess nutrients.
Ecological impacts of dams and water diversions
Dams impact rivers and their ecosystems in several ways. They block migratory fish from accessing spawning habitats upstream, as fish ladders are often ineffective. This disrupts fish life cycles and populations. Dams also alter sediment and water flow, affecting water quality, aquatic habitats, and nutrient levels downstream. Large dams significantly change river landscapes and environments, sometimes flooding important habitats and destroying cultural heritage sites.
Biomagnification victoria,sylvia,violetta
The document discusses biomagnification and bioaccumulation of pollutants in food chains. Biomagnification occurs when pollutant concentrations increase at higher trophic levels, such as when predators accumulate larger amounts of pollutants found in their prey. Common pollutants that biomagnify include pesticides, PCBs, dioxins, and mercury. These pollutants can harm organisms and biomagnify up food chains to negatively impact human health. The document provides examples of biomagnification for various pollutants like PCBs and mercury.
Air pollution
This document discusses air pollution in Bulgaria and its causes and effects. It notes that air pollution is worse now due to industrial development, motor vehicles, and population growth. The main sources of air pollutants in Bulgaria are old vehicles without catalytic converters, coal burning for heating, and industries like steel production. The document also examines air pollution measures in Mexico City and its geographical factors contributing to pollution problems from vehicles, power plants, and industry.
Overfishing karina nina_ivoslav_10-7[1]
The document discusses the problem of overfishing and its negative impacts. It notes that fishing rates currently exceed fish reproduction rates, and that overfishing has led to a decline in fish populations and sizes. Certain destructive fishing methods like bottom trawling and gillnetting contribute significantly to bycatch and damage fish habitats. Examples are provided of overfished areas like the cod fisheries in Newfoundland and bluefin tuna in the Mediterranean. Proposed solutions mentioned include establishing no-take marine zones and restricting fishing during fish reproduction seasons.
Tina ecology dams
Dams have several ecological impacts:
1. They can spread diseases by creating habitats for disease-carrying animals like mosquitoes and snails.
2. They often require resettlement of nearby populations, disrupting communities and livelihoods.
3. Dams block sediment flow and damage aquatic ecosystems downstream by preventing nutrient transport.
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HCL Notes und Domino Lizenzkostenreduzierung in der Welt von DLAU
Webinar Recording: https://www.panagenda.com/webinars/hcl-notes-und-domino-lizenzkostenreduzierung-in-der-welt-von-dlau/
DLAU und die Lizenzen nach dem CCB- und CCX-Modell sind für viele in der HCL-Community seit letztem Jahr ein heißes Thema. Als Notes- oder Domino-Kunde haben Sie vielleicht mit unerwartet hohen Benutzerzahlen und Lizenzgebühren zu kämpfen. Sie fragen sich vielleicht, wie diese neue Art der Lizenzierung funktioniert und welchen Nutzen sie Ihnen bringt. Vor allem wollen Sie sicherlich Ihr Budget einhalten und Kosten sparen, wo immer möglich. Das verstehen wir und wir möchten Ihnen dabei helfen!
Wir erklären Ihnen, wie Sie häufige Konfigurationsprobleme lösen können, die dazu führen können, dass mehr Benutzer gezählt werden als nötig, und wie Sie überflüssige oder ungenutzte Konten identifizieren und entfernen können, um Geld zu sparen. Es gibt auch einige Ansätze, die zu unnötigen Ausgaben führen können, z. B. wenn ein Personendokument anstelle eines Mail-Ins für geteilte Mailboxen verwendet wird. Wir zeigen Ihnen solche Fälle und deren Lösungen. Und natürlich erklären wir Ihnen das neue Lizenzmodell.
Nehmen Sie an diesem Webinar teil, bei dem HCL-Ambassador Marc Thomas und Gastredner Franz Walder Ihnen diese neue Welt näherbringen. Es vermittelt Ihnen die Tools und das Know-how, um den Überblick zu bewahren. Sie werden in der Lage sein, Ihre Kosten durch eine optimierte Domino-Konfiguration zu reduzieren und auch in Zukunft gering zu halten.
Diese Themen werden behandelt
- Reduzierung der Lizenzkosten durch Auffinden und Beheben von Fehlkonfigurationen und überflüssigen Konten
- Wie funktionieren CCB- und CCX-Lizenzen wirklich?
- Verstehen des DLAU-Tools und wie man es am besten nutzt
- Tipps für häufige Problembereiche, wie z. B. Team-Postfächer, Funktions-/Testbenutzer usw.
- Praxisbeispiele und Best Practices zum sofortigen Umsetzen
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Observability Concepts EVERY Developer Should Know -- DeveloperWeek Europe.pdf
Monitoring and observability aren’t traditionally found in software curriculums and many of us cobble this knowledge together from whatever vendor or ecosystem we were first introduced to and whatever is a part of your current company’s observability stack.
While the dev and ops silo continues to crumble….many organizations still relegate monitoring & observability as the purview of ops, infra and SRE teams. This is a mistake - achieving a highly observable system requires collaboration up and down the stack.
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