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PCBs – Polychlorinated Biphenyls Juliann Chen Laura Stachel
PCBs and Prop 65 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
PCBs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Properties and Industrial Appeal ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Commercial & Industrial Uses ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
History of PCBs ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
How did they enter environment? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Environmental Cycling ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Current Sources of Exposure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Who’s at Risk? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Bioaccumulation ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Levels of PCB 1.9 ppm Bottom-feeding and game fish  ( EPA, 1992) 20 ppm Fish near hazardous waste sites ( ATSDR, 2000) <20 ppb Background levels in human serum (1980s) 1-2 ppm Human adipose tissue 40-100 ppb Human breast milk 40-100 ppb Recreational fishers
Pharmacokinetics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Physiologic Effects ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Evidence on physiologic effect ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Difficulties of Human Studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproductive Effects Animal and Human studies
Reproduction - Animal Studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Animal Reproductive Effects   Female Male ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproductive Effects - Women ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproductive Effects – Men ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproductive Effects - Men  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Reproductive Effects  (cont) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Human Development Birth Weight and Gestational Age
Birth Weight and Gestational Age ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Birthweight and Gestational Age ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Increase 72 Wisconsin fish eaters Smith Decrease 179 Netherlands Pantandin No change 912 North Carolina background Rogan No change Lake Ontario fisheaters Lonky Decrease 200 Occupational exposure Taylor Decrease 241 Michigan fish eaters Jacobson Birthweight number Location Study
Neurodevelopment Overview
Neurodevelopmental Studies ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neurodevelopmental Tests Ribas-Fito et al. 2001
Neurodevelopment Yusho and Yu-Cheng experience
Yusho (1968) - Japan ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Yucheng: Taiwan, 1979  prenatal exposure ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Mean Difference in Full Mental Scales – Taiwan
Neurodevelopment Fish consumption studies
Michigan Cohort  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Michigan cohort results ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Oswego Cohort ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Neurodevelopment General population
North Carolina Cohort ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Collaborative Perinatal Project ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dutch cohort ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Dutch cohort (cont) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schantz et al. 2003 Dutch cohort (cont)
D ü sseldorf (Germany) cohort ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Faroe Islands Birth Cohorts ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Faroe Islands cohort (cont.) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Ribas-Fito et al. 2001
Difficulties Comparing Human Studies   ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Schantz et al. 2003
Prop 65 and PCB Should salmon carry warning labels?  Should breast milk?
PCBs and Prop 65 –  Should we be concerned? ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Primary source of exposure - diet Courtesy of the BC Salmon Farmers Association
FDA allowable tolerance limits 0.2 Finished animal feed for food producing animals (except feed concentrates, feed supplements, and feed premixes) 3 Red meat 0.2 Infant and junior foods 0.3 Eggs 3 Poultry 1.5 Cow Milk / Dairy (fat) 2 Fish (fat) Concentration (ppm) Commodity
Salmon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
Farmed salmon ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Farmed salmon & Prop. 65 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Farmed salmon risk assessment ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
American Academy of Pediatrics ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Alternatives to PCB ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Breastfeeding and PCB Human development
Breast feeding – Dutch cohort ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Inuit cohort ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
Levels in breast milk ATSDR, 2000
Breast Feeding and PCB ,[object Object],[object Object]
PCBs Other health effects
PCBs and Cancer ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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