A hardness testing machine was designed, fabricated, and tested. Four materials - mild steel, brass, aluminum, and copper - were tested under varying loads. Mild steel was found to be the hardest material based on indentation diameter measurements. The fabricated machine produced satisfactory results and could help address the scarcity of hardness testing machines in educational institutions.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties on AA 6060 and 6061 Aluminum A...IJERA Editor
Due to the substantial increased in demands of aluminum in industries like automotive industry and building industry, it is required for improvement of its mechanical properties by addition of suitable alloying elements to aluminum. The objective of this research is to study the effect of various alloys addition to aluminum and their effects on tensile strength, hardness and microstructure. The mechanical properties of AA 6060 and AA 6061 aluminum alloy have been characterized in terms of tensile strength and hardness. The result has been used to determine the tensile strength and % elongation of the specimen. From the results, it has been observed that mechanical properties of Al-alloys increasing up to 0.65% of Mg addition due to grain refinement, where as increase in Mg contents beyond 0.71% mechanical properties starts decreasing. The microstructure of the fracture surface after tensile strength has been examined using inverted microscope.
STRUCTURE PROPERTY CORRELATION OF MODIFIED Al-Mg ALLOYS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICA...sivanagaraju chittelu
Making a new metal for Aerospace applications which is made of many components .Major metals are Aluminium and Magnesium.Checking its structures and properties .
EFFECT OF THERMAL EXPOSURE ON THE MECHANICAL AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF AEROSPACE...Journal For Research
Aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly important available data were utilized to prepare maps that are intended to serve to design Al Alloys with desired combination especially in the automotive and aerospace industries aluminum alloys AA6061 T6 is subjected to several combinations of solution treatments to correlate their mechanical tensile properties to hardness and conductivity measurement Additional the AA6061 T6 alloys were thermally exposed to several temperature to simulate heat damage effects the thermal exposure was correlated to the tensile properties and hardness and conductivity measurement however these materials tend to have poor wear resistance during working conditions study was to evaluate the wear behavior of Al alloys with various parameter by using pin-on-disk machine the wear rate was decreased then after database were created to consolidate the information about microstructure mechanical properties and corrosion behavior for Al Alloys.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Experimental Analysis of Mechanical Properties on AA 6060 and 6061 Aluminum A...IJERA Editor
Due to the substantial increased in demands of aluminum in industries like automotive industry and building industry, it is required for improvement of its mechanical properties by addition of suitable alloying elements to aluminum. The objective of this research is to study the effect of various alloys addition to aluminum and their effects on tensile strength, hardness and microstructure. The mechanical properties of AA 6060 and AA 6061 aluminum alloy have been characterized in terms of tensile strength and hardness. The result has been used to determine the tensile strength and % elongation of the specimen. From the results, it has been observed that mechanical properties of Al-alloys increasing up to 0.65% of Mg addition due to grain refinement, where as increase in Mg contents beyond 0.71% mechanical properties starts decreasing. The microstructure of the fracture surface after tensile strength has been examined using inverted microscope.
STRUCTURE PROPERTY CORRELATION OF MODIFIED Al-Mg ALLOYS FOR AEROSPACE APPLICA...sivanagaraju chittelu
Making a new metal for Aerospace applications which is made of many components .Major metals are Aluminium and Magnesium.Checking its structures and properties .
EFFECT OF THERMAL EXPOSURE ON THE MECHANICAL AND WEAR PROPERTIES OF AEROSPACE...Journal For Research
Aluminum alloys are becoming increasingly important available data were utilized to prepare maps that are intended to serve to design Al Alloys with desired combination especially in the automotive and aerospace industries aluminum alloys AA6061 T6 is subjected to several combinations of solution treatments to correlate their mechanical tensile properties to hardness and conductivity measurement Additional the AA6061 T6 alloys were thermally exposed to several temperature to simulate heat damage effects the thermal exposure was correlated to the tensile properties and hardness and conductivity measurement however these materials tend to have poor wear resistance during working conditions study was to evaluate the wear behavior of Al alloys with various parameter by using pin-on-disk machine the wear rate was decreased then after database were created to consolidate the information about microstructure mechanical properties and corrosion behavior for Al Alloys.
Teyfik DEMİR, Mustafa ÜBEYLİ and R. Orhan YILDIRIM
TOBB ETU Mechanical Engineering, Söğütözü Cad. No:43, Ankara-TURKEY
Middle East Technical University, Mechanical Eng., Ankara-TURKEY
Effect of aging treatment on the ballistic behavor of aluminium alloy 7075 against 7.62 mm armor piercing projectiles
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Regression analysis of shot peening process for performance characteristics o...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Investigation on Behaviour of Cold Formed Deep Joist Channel SectionDr. Amarjeet Singh
The application of cold formed steel elements in construction is becoming very popular due to several advantages like Speedy construction, higher strength to weight ratio, dimensional stability and recycled material. Nowadays, CFS is proposed to use as building components as beams, columns, Joists, wall panels etc. The load carrying capacity of cold-formed steel (CFS) joists can be enhanced by employing optimization techniques. Recent research studies have mainly focused on optimizing the bending capacity of conventional channel with and without lips that are used as joists. The objective of the study is to examine the flexural strength, failure mode and load-deflection of the cold formed steel double furred channel section with and without web openings under flexure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Generally the prediction of behaviour of material at high temperature is very difficult. During design of
components which are subjected to or working at high temperature must consider the testing at elevated
temperature. Hot tensile testing (HTT) is the method of tensile testing of material at elevated temperature. The
materials used for automotive or aerospace applications are mostly subject to cyclic loading, high temperature
and sometimes involve high frequency vibrations. High strength aluminium alloys are one class of materials that
are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries .In this work I test A413 material for HTT at different
temperature and strain rate, which can be used for piston.
Keywords — HTT, high temperature, strain rate, piston, automotive or aerospace.
Assessment of Methods for Development of Confinement Model of Low Strength Re...IJERA Editor
Reinforced Concrete is composed of concrete and steel, where compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of steel are utilized to achieve the required member strength. The high tensile property of steel is thus used to confine and increase compressive strength and ductility of RC columns. Confined concrete is defined as concrete that is restrained laterally by any internal or external means i.e. reinforcement consisting of steel stirrups or spirals, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), Circular Concrete Filled Steel Tube, RC shell jacketing etc. An appropriate amount of confinement increases the strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of RC members. This paper focuses on finding out strength and ductility enhancement of low strength RC columns by reinforcement using existing confinement models. Confinement models are stress-strain curves developed for concrete compression member under uniaxial or dynamic loading, confined with transverse reinforcement. Different models along with their experimental validations are discussed in this paper to get state of the art knowledge of confinement studies possible for low strength concrete. The models recommended from this study are used to evaluate existing structures made with low strength concrete.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Behaviour of M30 Grade concrete with confinement under axial compressionIJERA Editor
The strength and durability of concrete have undergone continuous improvement. Over the years and these
improved materials are now commonly used. In the present experimental investigation the behaviour of M30
grade concrete with and without confinement for different percentages of replacement of silica fume is studied
under axial compression as per IS mix design. The 150mm x 300mm cylindrical specimens were cast with and
without confinement and investigating the mechanical properties like axial compressive strength and stress –
strain behaviour. It was observed that the confinement of concrete has increased the 28days strength for
different percentages of confinement and that the peak stress and corresponding strain at peak stress increased
with increase in percentages of confinement
Wear behaviour of si c reinforced al6061 alloy metal matrix composites by usi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Finite Element Modeling for Effect of Fire on Steel Structure: A ReviewIJERA Editor
Fire performance of structural steel at elevated temperature includes the study of steel frame subjected to fire.
Also the effect of stress strain temperature on the fire performance of structural steel should be observed. The
behavior of a steel frame in a fire depends on many factors including the properties of the steel and the coating
material on it. The present paper shows reviews of various research works carried out by several researchers on
the effects of stress–strain relationships on the fire performance of steel frame exposed to uniformly increasing
temperature when steel is unprotected and protected with concrete using FEM.
Teyfik DEMİR, Mustafa ÜBEYLİ and R. Orhan YILDIRIM
TOBB ETU Mechanical Engineering, Söğütözü Cad. No:43, Ankara-TURKEY
Middle East Technical University, Mechanical Eng., Ankara-TURKEY
Effect of aging treatment on the ballistic behavor of aluminium alloy 7075 against 7.62 mm armor piercing projectiles
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
Regression analysis of shot peening process for performance characteristics o...IJMER
International Journal of Modern Engineering Research (IJMER) is Peer reviewed, online Journal. It serves as an international archival forum of scholarly research related to engineering and science education.
Investigation on Behaviour of Cold Formed Deep Joist Channel SectionDr. Amarjeet Singh
The application of cold formed steel elements in construction is becoming very popular due to several advantages like Speedy construction, higher strength to weight ratio, dimensional stability and recycled material. Nowadays, CFS is proposed to use as building components as beams, columns, Joists, wall panels etc. The load carrying capacity of cold-formed steel (CFS) joists can be enhanced by employing optimization techniques. Recent research studies have mainly focused on optimizing the bending capacity of conventional channel with and without lips that are used as joists. The objective of the study is to examine the flexural strength, failure mode and load-deflection of the cold formed steel double furred channel section with and without web openings under flexure.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Generally the prediction of behaviour of material at high temperature is very difficult. During design of
components which are subjected to or working at high temperature must consider the testing at elevated
temperature. Hot tensile testing (HTT) is the method of tensile testing of material at elevated temperature. The
materials used for automotive or aerospace applications are mostly subject to cyclic loading, high temperature
and sometimes involve high frequency vibrations. High strength aluminium alloys are one class of materials that
are widely used in the automotive and aerospace industries .In this work I test A413 material for HTT at different
temperature and strain rate, which can be used for piston.
Keywords — HTT, high temperature, strain rate, piston, automotive or aerospace.
Assessment of Methods for Development of Confinement Model of Low Strength Re...IJERA Editor
Reinforced Concrete is composed of concrete and steel, where compressive strength of concrete and tensile strength of steel are utilized to achieve the required member strength. The high tensile property of steel is thus used to confine and increase compressive strength and ductility of RC columns. Confined concrete is defined as concrete that is restrained laterally by any internal or external means i.e. reinforcement consisting of steel stirrups or spirals, Fiber Reinforced Polymer (FRP), Circular Concrete Filled Steel Tube, RC shell jacketing etc. An appropriate amount of confinement increases the strength, ductility and energy dissipation capacity of RC members. This paper focuses on finding out strength and ductility enhancement of low strength RC columns by reinforcement using existing confinement models. Confinement models are stress-strain curves developed for concrete compression member under uniaxial or dynamic loading, confined with transverse reinforcement. Different models along with their experimental validations are discussed in this paper to get state of the art knowledge of confinement studies possible for low strength concrete. The models recommended from this study are used to evaluate existing structures made with low strength concrete.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Behaviour of M30 Grade concrete with confinement under axial compressionIJERA Editor
The strength and durability of concrete have undergone continuous improvement. Over the years and these
improved materials are now commonly used. In the present experimental investigation the behaviour of M30
grade concrete with and without confinement for different percentages of replacement of silica fume is studied
under axial compression as per IS mix design. The 150mm x 300mm cylindrical specimens were cast with and
without confinement and investigating the mechanical properties like axial compressive strength and stress –
strain behaviour. It was observed that the confinement of concrete has increased the 28days strength for
different percentages of confinement and that the peak stress and corresponding strain at peak stress increased
with increase in percentages of confinement
Wear behaviour of si c reinforced al6061 alloy metal matrix composites by usi...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Finite Element Modeling for Effect of Fire on Steel Structure: A ReviewIJERA Editor
Fire performance of structural steel at elevated temperature includes the study of steel frame subjected to fire.
Also the effect of stress strain temperature on the fire performance of structural steel should be observed. The
behavior of a steel frame in a fire depends on many factors including the properties of the steel and the coating
material on it. The present paper shows reviews of various research works carried out by several researchers on
the effects of stress–strain relationships on the fire performance of steel frame exposed to uniformly increasing
temperature when steel is unprotected and protected with concrete using FEM.
This lecture demonstrates how to teach the principles and concepts of fracture mechanics as well as provide recommendations for practical applications; it provides necessary information for fatigue life estimations on the basis of fracture mechanics as a complementary method to the S-N concept. Background in engineering, materials and fatigue is required.
1 ijcmes dec-2015-17-optimization of friction stir welding parameters for joi...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Friction stir welding was a promising welding technology from the same moment of its existence because of its easy use, being ecologically friendly processed and with no need for filler metal. The present paper discusses the investigate the mechanical properties in order to demonstrate the feasibility of friction stir welding for joining Al 6061 aluminum alloy welding was performed on pipe. The pipe sections, 30mm, and relatively thin walled 2, 3 and 4 mm. Wire welded as similar alloy joints using (FSW) process In order to investigate the effect of rotation speed 485,710, 910, 1120,1400 and 1800 RPM and travel speeds 4, 8 and 10 mm/min. On mechanical propertie.
This work also focuses on mathematic models such as regression analysis (RA) to predict the tensile strength, the percentage of elongation and hardness of friction stir welded 6061 aluminum alloy. The Tensile strength, the percentage of elongation and hardness of weld joints were predicted by taking the parameters Tool rotation speed, material thickness and travel speed as a function. The results obtained through regresion analysis The models have been proved to be successful in terms of agreement with experimental results ratio 94.6%.
MODIFICATION AND OPTIMIZATION IN STEEL SANDWICH PANELS USING ANSYS WORKBENCH ijiert bestjournal
The demand for bigger,faster and lighter moving ve hicles,such as ships,trains,trucks and buses has increased the importance of efficient str uctural arrangements. In principle two approaches exist to develop efficient structures:e ither application of new materials or the use of new structural design. A proven and well-establi shed solution is the use of composite materials and sandwich structures. In this way high strength to weight ratio and minimum weight can be obtained. The sandwich structures have potential to offer a w ide range of attractive design solutions. In addition to the obtained weight reduction,these so lutions can often bring space savings,fire resistance,noise control and improved heating and cooling performance. Laser-welded metallic sandwich panels offer a number of outstand ing properties allowing the designer to develop light and efficient structural configuratio ns for a large variety of applications. These panels have been under active investigations during the last 15 years in the world.
4 ijcmes oct-2016-1-correlations on dissimilar materials by friction stir wel...IJCMESJOURNAL
Recently many reports on Friction Stir Welding (FSW) of various dissimilar systems such as Aluminium to Copper and Aluminium to Brass been reported. FSW of Aluminium, Copper and Brass has captured important attention from manufacturing industries, such as Shipbuilding, Automotive, Railway and Aircraft production. Brass materials are widely used as engineering materials in industry because of their high electrical and thermal conductivity, high strength, and high corrosion resistance. Copper and its alloys are widely used in industrial applications due to their excellent electrical & thermal conductivities, good strength, corrosion & fatigue resistance. The aim of present study was analogy of the microstructures and mechanical properties of friction stir welded joint of Aluminium to Copper and Aluminium to Brass plates in 4mm thickness.
Experimental Analysis to Optimize parameters of Friction Stir Welding of Alum...IJSRD
This paper is a review of research work in the last decade on friction stir welding. In many industrial applications steel is readily replaced by non-ferrous alloys like aluminum alloys. Aluminum alloys having good mechanical properties as equated structural steel and low weight that allows a significant reduction in weight. But the welding of aluminum alloys by regular processes can causes serious problems. The difficulties are like loss of alloying elements and presence of separation and porosities in the weld joint. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process, which removes all these problems of solidification related with the conventional fusion welding processes. In this research work an attempt has been made to develop an the relationship between FSW variables (tool rotation and tilt angle) and tensile strength and yield strength of number of pass friction stir welded aluminium alloy AA 6082 butt joints. Taguchi method is used for analysing the problem in which several independent variables influence the response. A three-parameter -three-level central composite design was used to determine the optimal factors of friction stir welding process for aluminium alloy.
Comparison of Fatigue Characteristic for AISI 1039 Steel with Surface Treatmentijceronline
Wear and fatigue resistance in steel components used in various industries can be improved by surface treatments. Coatings systems which are used for improving the mechanical properties, generally, decreased the components fatigue life due to micro cracks, that propagate through the substrate , it is possible to improve the fatigue resistance of a component by the application of shot peening treatment, whose compressive residual stresses delay or eliminate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The aim of this study is to obtain the fatigue limit of untreated, shot peened, and hard chromium coating of medium carbon steel AISI 1039 and comparison between them. Fatigue tests were carried out using small samples with 4 mm diameter, with hard chromium layer of (47.1) µm thick. Rotating-bending fatigue test was carried out on samples after shot peening with steel balls of about 20 minutes peening time. Experimental results showed that hard chromium electroplating decreased the fatigue life and fatigue limit in comparison with the uncoated steel. As the highest thickness for coating was 23µm. On the other hand, Shot peening Results indicated that the fatigue strengths of samples are increased and the highest fatigue limit was (298.566Mpa) after treated the samples by shot peening for 20 minutes.
Effect of Tool Rotation Speed on the Hardness of Welded Joints of Aluminium A...ijsrd.com
Aluminum alloys are used in engineering design for their light weight, high strength-to weight ratio, corrosion resistance, and relatively low cost. Aluminum is available in various compositions, including “pure†metal, alloys for casting, and alloys for the manufacture of wrought products wrought Alloys. Most aluminum alloys used for wrought products contain Less than 7 percent of alloying elements. By the regulation of the amount and type of elements added, the properties of the aluminum can be enhanced and its working characteristics improved. In this welding process we have study that two pieces of aluminum alloy (6063) were welded with the help of friction stir welding process and here in this welding process we have found that the microstructure of weld zone was characterized by dynamic recrastallization producing fine grain structure. The vickers hardness testing results obtained for welded specimens and we have observed that the hardness is increases and decreases on different parameters like tool rotation speed. But we have obtained that as the tool rotating speed is increases the hardness will aslo increases. Finally we obtained the max. hardness(Hv-40) on max. Tool rotation speed of (rpm-1800).
Effect of Thickness of Tubes on Pressure of Flare
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (3), 2014, 52–55
M.T. Hannachi *, B. Dahech, H. Guelouche, M. Fareh
Finite Element Analysis of Cold-formed Steel ConnectionsCSCJournals
This paper presents a thorough investigation into the structural performance of cold-formed steel column base and beam column connections using single lipped C sections with bolted moment connections. Two specimens consisting of a column base and a beam column connection were carried out, and it was found that section failure under flexural buckling was always critical. Moreover, the proposed connections were demonstrated to be structurally efficient attaining moment resistances close to those of the connected sections. In order to examine the structural behavior of the column base and beam column connections, finite element models were established using shell and bar elements to model the sections and the bolted fastenings respectively. Material non-linearity was incorporated, and comparison between the test and the numerical results was presented in details. It was shown that the proposed analysis method was structurally adequate to predict the structural behavior for column base and beam column with similar connection configurations.
Two different schemes called “ties and longitudinal stiffeners” were proposed for improving the performance of stainless steel square thin walled tubes. An analytical study using finite element models loaded axially has been conducted. Both geometric and material nonlinearities were considered. Those models were verified against the results obtained from previous researches. The analytical study compared between unstiffened, ties stiffened and longitudinally stiffened stainless steel square thin walled tubes. The studied parameters were square thin walled tube width-to-thickness ratio (W/t) and the axial spacing of stiffening along the length. It was observed that the axial load strength can be enhanced by proposed ties stiffening schemes.
Dev Dives: Train smarter, not harder – active learning and UiPath LLMs for do...UiPathCommunity
💥 Speed, accuracy, and scaling – discover the superpowers of GenAI in action with UiPath Document Understanding and Communications Mining™:
See how to accelerate model training and optimize model performance with active learning
Learn about the latest enhancements to out-of-the-box document processing – with little to no training required
Get an exclusive demo of the new family of UiPath LLMs – GenAI models specialized for processing different types of documents and messages
This is a hands-on session specifically designed for automation developers and AI enthusiasts seeking to enhance their knowledge in leveraging the latest intelligent document processing capabilities offered by UiPath.
Speakers:
👨🏫 Andras Palfi, Senior Product Manager, UiPath
👩🏫 Lenka Dulovicova, Product Program Manager, UiPath
Key Trends Shaping the Future of Infrastructure.pdfCheryl Hung
Keynote at DIGIT West Expo, Glasgow on 29 May 2024.
Cheryl Hung, ochery.com
Sr Director, Infrastructure Ecosystem, Arm.
The key trends across hardware, cloud and open-source; exploring how these areas are likely to mature and develop over the short and long-term, and then considering how organisations can position themselves to adapt and thrive.
DevOps and Testing slides at DASA ConnectKari Kakkonen
My and Rik Marselis slides at 30.5.2024 DASA Connect conference. We discuss about what is testing, then what is agile testing and finally what is Testing in DevOps. Finally we had lovely workshop with the participants trying to find out different ways to think about quality and testing in different parts of the DevOps infinity loop.
Search and Society: Reimagining Information Access for Radical FuturesBhaskar Mitra
The field of Information retrieval (IR) is currently undergoing a transformative shift, at least partly due to the emerging applications of generative AI to information access. In this talk, we will deliberate on the sociotechnical implications of generative AI for information access. We will argue that there is both a critical necessity and an exciting opportunity for the IR community to re-center our research agendas on societal needs while dismantling the artificial separation between the work on fairness, accountability, transparency, and ethics in IR and the rest of IR research. Instead of adopting a reactionary strategy of trying to mitigate potential social harms from emerging technologies, the community should aim to proactively set the research agenda for the kinds of systems we should build inspired by diverse explicitly stated sociotechnical imaginaries. The sociotechnical imaginaries that underpin the design and development of information access technologies needs to be explicitly articulated, and we need to develop theories of change in context of these diverse perspectives. Our guiding future imaginaries must be informed by other academic fields, such as democratic theory and critical theory, and should be co-developed with social science scholars, legal scholars, civil rights and social justice activists, and artists, among others.
JMeter webinar - integration with InfluxDB and GrafanaRTTS
Watch this recorded webinar about real-time monitoring of application performance. See how to integrate Apache JMeter, the open-source leader in performance testing, with InfluxDB, the open-source time-series database, and Grafana, the open-source analytics and visualization application.
In this webinar, we will review the benefits of leveraging InfluxDB and Grafana when executing load tests and demonstrate how these tools are used to visualize performance metrics.
Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
During this webinar, we will cover the following topics while demonstrating the integrations of JMeter, InfluxDB and Grafana:
- What out-of-the-box solutions are available for real-time monitoring JMeter tests?
- What are the benefits of integrating InfluxDB and Grafana into the load testing stack?
- Which features are provided by Grafana?
- Demonstration of InfluxDB and Grafana using a practice web application
To view the webinar recording, go to:
https://www.rttsweb.com/jmeter-integration-webinar
Builder.ai Founder Sachin Dev Duggal's Strategic Approach to Create an Innova...Ramesh Iyer
In today's fast-changing business world, Companies that adapt and embrace new ideas often need help to keep up with the competition. However, fostering a culture of innovation takes much work. It takes vision, leadership and willingness to take risks in the right proportion. Sachin Dev Duggal, co-founder of Builder.ai, has perfected the art of this balance, creating a company culture where creativity and growth are nurtured at each stage.
"Impact of front-end architecture on development cost", Viktor TurskyiFwdays
I have heard many times that architecture is not important for the front-end. Also, many times I have seen how developers implement features on the front-end just following the standard rules for a framework and think that this is enough to successfully launch the project, and then the project fails. How to prevent this and what approach to choose? I have launched dozens of complex projects and during the talk we will analyze which approaches have worked for me and which have not.
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3DianaGray10
Welcome to UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series part 3. In this session, we will cover desktop automation along with UI automation.
Topics covered:
UI automation Introduction,
UI automation Sample
Desktop automation flow
Pradeep Chinnala, Senior Consultant Automation Developer @WonderBotz and UiPath MVP
Deepak Rai, Automation Practice Lead, Boundaryless Group and UiPath MVP
UiPath Test Automation using UiPath Test Suite series, part 3
A04510106
1. IOSR Journal of Engineering (IOSRJEN) www.iosrjen.org
ISSN (e): 2250-3021, ISSN (p): 2278-8719
Vol. 04, Issue 05 (May. 2014), ||V1|| PP 01-06
International organization of Scientific Research 1 | P a g e
Design, Fabrication and Performance Evaluation of a Hardness
Testing Machine
Awotunde W.O, Olatunde O. B, Ponle E. A, Fatukasi S. O
1. Mechanical Engineering Department, Faculty of Engineering, Osun State Polytechnic, Iree. PMB 301,
Nigeria.
Abstract: - Hardness is one of the most important properties of engineering materials. It provides indication for
material selection and also quality assurance tests for wear resistance. A Hardness Testing Machine was
Designed, Fabricated and Tested. Four samples used for the machine evaluation were, mild steel, brass,
Aluminum and copper. Standard Test procedure for Brinell Hardness Test was followed in testing for the
fabricated Hardness Testing machine. Eight varying loads were applied at intervals of 30secs. The results
recorded were represented graphically; results show that mild steel is the hardest of the samples followed by
brass, Aluminum and copper in order of decreasing Hardness.
Keywords: - Hardness, Samples, Brinell Test, Machine
I. INTRODUCTION
Testing of material cannot be over emphasized. This is in order to predict and ascertain their
performance in service. Testing; tensile, hardness, ductility, impart, bending are all integral part of engineering
(Samuel, 2009). Hardness test involve pushing of the indenter to hit a material under test to determine its
capacity to withstand indentation and its resistance to plastic defection, abrasion matching and scratching
(Ryder, 1978). Hardness test is majorly used to express fundamental mechanical properties of a material under
applied load. This eventually helps in design analysis and proper material specification.
Hardness of a material can be said to be its measure of resistance to various kinds of permanent shape change
when a force is applied. Hardness of a material is dependent on ductility, elasticity, plasticity, strength,
toughness, viscoelasticity and viscosity (Maalzbender, 2003). The mechanical properties of materials are the
intrinsic properties that govern the material as they respond to subjected forces under various conditions. This
study is on design, fabrication and performance evaluation of a hardness testing machine. The aim is to forestall
scarcity of the machine in various institution of learning, reduce cost of production and also improve on existing
hardness testing machines not compromising simplicity and ease of operation.
II. METHODOLOGY
The machine follows working principle of other hardness testing machines. The test was carried out on four
specimen material namely, copper, Aluminum, Brass and Mild steel
2.1 Description of Machine
The machine consist of a base support made of mild steel, this support was made rigid enough to
accommodate the platform and the whole setup. A lower bar in which holes were drilled and tapered to house
the cross bar links is fabricated making use of mild steel. The cross link bars are the circular rods linking the
upper and lower cross heads. They are made up of stainless steel. The middle bar can be said to be another
‘lower bar’ that accommodates the other end of the cross link bar. Another bar similar to the middle bar, thus,
different in shape. A selected hydraulic press incorporated to measure the pressure exerted during test.
2.2 Basic Design
Table 1: Designed Components and Equations Used
Components Equations Parameters
Working Stress
𝜕𝑤 =
𝑦𝑖𝑒𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑟𝑒𝑠𝑠 𝑜𝑓 𝑚𝑖𝑙𝑑 𝑠𝑡𝑒𝑒𝑙
𝑓𝑎𝑐𝑡𝑜𝑟 𝑜𝑓 𝑠𝑎𝑓𝑒𝑡𝑦
∂w=working stress
Cross Head links and
Support Rods 𝜕𝑤 =
𝑃
𝐴
𝑑 = 2 ×
𝑃
𝜕𝑤𝜋
P= Applied Load
A= Cross sectional Area
∂w=working stress
d = Diameter of Rod
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Upper bar and Base bar 𝐴 = 𝐿𝐵
𝑉 = 𝐴
𝑊 = 𝜌𝑉𝑔
= 𝜌𝐿𝐵𝑔
ρ = Density of material
L = length of bar
B = Breadth of bar
h=height or thickness
g=acceleration due to gravity
2.3 Testing of the Machine
The standard test procedure, ASTM E10-07a, specifically for Brinell Hardness test of metallic
materials was followed in testing for the fabricated hardness testing machine. A ball of 10mm was used for all
samples. Since different levels of material hardness result in impression of various diameter and depth,
therefore, varying loads was applied to the samples for test.
Three sample materials were used for testing, namely, brass, copper, mild steel and aluminum. Eight (8) tests
were carried out on each specimen between forces of 10kN to 80kN, each for duration of 30seconds. The
specimen was removed from the test set-up and measurement to determine diameter of indentation was taken
under magnifying lens.
The Brinell Hardness number was obtained by dividing the applied load by the surface area of the indentation
(Tapany, 2007), according to the expression in equation 1.
𝐵𝐻 =
2𝐿
3.142𝐷(𝐷 − 𝐷2 − 𝑑2
… 1
Where L is the load (N), D is the specimen diameter (mm) and d is the diameter of indentation (mm).
III. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Keeping the duration of each test constant at 30secs and varying the applied load at minimum of 10kN and
maximum of 80kN. There were eight tests results for each sample. The samples were tested at standard diameter
(D) of 10mm.
Result of each sample specimen is tabulated in Table 2-5. For mild steel, Table 2, the hardness value
decreased and then increased at applied pressure of 70kN from hardness value of 9.91kN/mm2
at 60kN pressure
to hardness value 11.06kN/mm2
at 70kN pressure and hardness value 12.13kN/mm2
at 80kN pressure. This may
be due to non-uniformity in material distribution over an area of same material of mild steel. This observation is
in accord with the work of (Hamad et al., 2011). There was incerase in the hardness value as pressure and
diameter of indentation increased for brass, Table 3. This is in agreement with the work of (Tapany, 2007).
Results for aluminum, Table 4, like brass, shows sharp rapid increase in hardness value as pressure and diameter
of indentation increased. However, a contrary result was observed for copper with the hardness value decreasing
all through the increase in pressure and diameter of indentation. This observation is in line with the inverse
proportionality relationship between hardness value and diameter of indentation as shown in equation 1. Also it
was graphically represented in Fig. 1 that the hardest of the samples is mild steel, brass, aluminum and copper in
order of decreasing hardness. It can also be observed from Fig. 1 that the higher the pressure the higher the
diameter of indentation with aluminum following a proper ductile curve.
IV. CONCLUSION
A hardness testing machine was designed, fabricated and tested. Four different materials (mild steel,
brass, aluminum and copper) were tested at varying loads. The machine gave satisfactory results with mild steel
confirmed the hardest followed by brass, aluminum and copper.
REFERENCES
[1] Hamah K Al Khalid, Ayman M. Alaskari and Samy E. Oraby (2011). Hardness Variation as Affected by
Bar diameter of AISI 4140 Steel. World Academy of Science, Engineering and Technology. Vol. 51, Pp.
231-237
[2] Malzbender J(2003). Comment on Hardness Definition. Journal of the European Ceramic Society. Vol.23
, Pp. 1355-1359
[3] Mujad. M, Qureshi and Alli. M, (1999). Development of Microstructure during Heat Treatment of High
Carbon Cromo Steel. Materials Science and Technology. Vol. 15, Pp. 391-396
[4] Samuel. J(2009). Introduction to Materials Science Course Manual. Madison Wisconsin University of
Winconsin-Madison
[5] Tapany U., (2007). Hardness Test. Suranaree University of Technology. Chapter 9. Pp 1-25
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Table 2: Result of Hardness Test for Mild Steel
S/N PRESSURE(KN) T(s) Diameter of Indentation
(d)(mm)
BHN
(kN/mm2
)
1 10 30 0.91 15.91
2 20 30 1.50 11.27
3 30 30 2.20 11.93
4 40 30 2.55 10.39
5 50 30 2.75 9.64
6 60 30 2.81 9.91
7 70 30 2.86 11.06
8 80 30 2.88 12.13
Table 3: Result of Hardness Test for Brass
S/N PRESSURE(KN) T(s) Diameter of Indentation
(d)(mm)
BHN
1 10 30 0.99 12.95
2 20 30 1.21 17.62
3 30 30 1.40 19.39
4 40 30 1.49 22.50
5 50 30 1.54 24.48
6 60 30 1.60 26.24
7 70 30 1.77 27.28
8 80 30 1.81 27.97
Table 4: Result of Hardness Test for Aluminum
S/N PRESSURE(KN) T(s) Diameter of Indentation
(d)(mm)
BHN
1 10 30 1.26 7.97
2 20 30 1.30 15.00
3 30 30 1.34 21.17
4 40 30 1.37 27.00
5 50 30 1.40 32.32
6 60 30 1.43 37.16
7 70 30 1.47 41.02
8 80 30 1.48 46.24
Table 5: Result of Hardness Test for Copper
S/N PRESSURE(KN) T(s) Diameter of Indentation
(d)(mm)
BHN
1 10 30 1.10 10.49
2 20 30 1.13 19.08
3 30 30 1.18 27.33
4 40 30 2.03 12.23
5 50 30 2.08 14.55
6 60 30 3.10 7.75
7 70 30 3.50 7.04
8 80 30 4.10 5.79
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Diameter of indentation for brass – db
Diameter of indentation for aluminium –da
Diameter of indentation for copper – dc
Diameter of indentation for mild steel – dms
Fig 1: Graph of Pressure against Diameter of indentation
Brinell Hardness Value (BHN) for brass – db
Brinell Hardness Value (BHN) for aluminium –da
Brinell Hardness Value (BHN) for copper – dc
Brinell Hardness Value (BHN) for mild steel – dms
Fig 2: Graph of Pressure against Brinell Hardness Value (BHN)
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Fig 3: The Hardness Testing Machine
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Fig 4: Orthographic View of the Hardness Testing Machine
Fig 5: Assembly Drawing of the Hardness Testing Machine