The document summarizes a study on partially replacing cement with unprocessed steel slag in concrete. Three key points: 1) Concrete samples were created with 0-35% replacement of cement with steel slag, keeping all other parameters constant. Compressive and flexural strength were tested at 14 and 28 days. 2) The highest compressive strength was obtained with 20% replacement, showing a 21% increase over the control. Flexural strength peaked at 10% replacement, with a 12% increase over the control. 3) The study concluded that 20% cement replacement with steel slag provides desirable compressive strength, while 10% replacement is suitable for flexural strength in construction applications. Using steel slag partially replaces

1. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF CIVIL ENGINEERING AND
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
TECHNOLOGY (IJCIET)
ISSN 0976 – 6308 (Print)
ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online)
Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October, pp. 55-60
© IAEME: www.iaeme.com/ijciet.asp
Journal Impact Factor (2013): 5.3277 (Calculated by GISI)
www.jifactor.com
IJCIET
©IAEME
PARTIAL REPLACEMENT OF CEMENT WITH UNPROCESSED STEEL
SLAG IN CONCRETE
Amena.I.Tamboli1, Prof.S.B. Shinde2
1
P.G. Student Dept. of Civil, Engineering, J.N.E.C., Aurangabad, (M.S.) India.
2
H.O.D Civil, Engineering, J.N.E.C., Aurangabad, (M.S.) India.
ABSTRACT
Concrete is an inherently sustainable material. It use resources that are abundantly available
and generally has a relatively small environmental footprints. Traditional concrete consist of
Portland cement, aggregates and water. So utilizing a recovered industrial waste material such as
steel slag for replacing a portion of Portland cement in concrete can substantially reduce the
environmental footprints of concrete.
The present research study investigates the different properties of locally available steel slag,
a by-product obtained in the conversion process of iron to steel and utilizing this steel slag in
concrete by replacing it partially with the cement keeping other parameters constant. Compressive
strength and flexural strength on M20 grade of concrete with 0.5 water/cement ratio were
investigated. Steel slag replacement 0%, 10%, 15%, 25%, 30%, 35% are used. The best results for
compressive strength was obtained at 20% and for flexural strength at 10% of replacement of cement
with steel slag in concrete was obtained. Thus use of steel slag in concrete could enhance the
strength in concrete.
Key Words: Unprocessed Steel slag, Cement, Concrete, compressive Strength, flexural strength.
INTRODUCTION
At present many steel plant are being set up across the globe causing a huge production of
solid waste material like slag. Steel plants in India generates about 29 million tones of waste material
annually, and 50 million tone worldwide. Now most of the industrial slag are being used without
taking full advantage of their properties or thrown off rather than used. In accordance to chemical
and mineral composition of the slag, these steel slag have cementatious and/or pozolonic property
and can be potentially used as a main constituent of cement[1].
Slag causes reduction in porosity of soil as well as permeability of soil thus causing water
logging problem. The disposing of these material will have negative impact on environment. Steel
55

2. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
slag is industrial waste resulting from steel refining plants in conversion process. Owing to the large
production , the research work for the last 30 years have shown that 65% of steel slag used today is
for qualified fields of application. But remaining 35% of slag is still dumped.[2 ]. As a more active
approach, slag can be used in the production of composite material of strength value 42.5 to 32.5 EN
197. The slag present in concrete satisfy physical properties which slows down the hydration of
blended cement due to morphology and low calcium silicate content.[3]. Thus steel slag can be used
in conventional concrete to improve its mechanical, chemical and physical properties.
MATERIAL PROPERTIES INVESTIGATE
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
Nominal Max.Size of coarse aggregate
Slump range
Finness Modulus Of Fine Aggregate
Finness Modulus Of Coarse Aggregate
Specific Gravity Of Fine Aggregate
Specific Gravity Of Steel Slag Cement
Specific Gravity Of Coarse Aggregate
Specific Gravity Of Cement
Water Absorption of fine aggregates
Water Absorption of coarse aggregates
Water Absorption of steel slag
20 mm
(Medium) 50-75 mm IS 10262-2009 (Pg.02)
2.88 Confirming to zone II (IS 383-1970)
5.12 Confirming to zone II (IS 383-1970)
2.65
2.67
2.75
3.15
4.7 %
1.65 %
4.6 %
PHYSICAL AND CHEMICAL PROPERTIES OF STEEL SLAG
EXPERIMENTAL PROGRAM
Materials used in this study were OPC 53 grade cement confirming to IS 8112 and fine
aggregate and coarse aggregate confirming to IS 383-1970. The cement and aggregate were tested to
fulfill the IS requirements.
Designed concrete mix of M-20 grade having mix proportion 1:1.90:2.96 with w/c ratio 0.5
same for different percentages of steel slag 0% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% were used in
concrete.
The concrete ingredients namely, cement, steel slag, and course aggregate were first mixed in
the dry state and water was added last. Beams of size 700x150x150mm for flexural strength and
Cubes of size 150x150x150 mm for compressive strength were casted. The replacement of cement
by steel slag in concrete was done at 0%, 10%, 15% 20% 25% 30% 35% by weight of cement. In
flexural test, beams where subjected to two point loading.
56

3. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
All the samples were cured for 14 days to 28 days. For each batch of slag percentage
replacement, 6 specimens were cast. Details of the experimental investigation of effect of different
percentages replacement of cement by steel slag is given below.
Test conducted
UTM (universal testing machine) was used as a test set up for carrying out all the test on
hardened concrete. The test was carried out for finding the flexural strengths and compressive
strengths. A standard test procedure is followed for each test and strength performance of hardened
concrete is studied.
Compressive strength
This strength was accounted by placing the cubes of size 150x150x150 mm on UTM. as
shown in figure1.
The Compressive strength calculated by formula fcu = P/A
Where fcu =compressive strength of cube, MPa or N/mm2
P = Compressive load at failure, N
A = area of loading face of cube, mm2
The Compressive strength results are shown in table4:
Fig1: Test arrangement for Compressive Test
57

4. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
Table 4. (Compressive strength)
Sr.no.
% slag
Compressive strength at
14 days (N/mm2)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
23
24
25
26
25
24
23.58
Compressive
strength at 28 days
(N/mm2)
28
31
33
34
33
31
30.64
40
30
20
14 days
10
28 days
0
0%
10% 15%
20%
25%
30%
35%
Compressive strength (N/mm2) V/S replacement percentage of steel slag
Flexural strength
For determining this strength each specimen of size 700 mm X 150 mm X 150 mm was
supported over a span of 600 mm and a two point load was applied at the centre of span as shown in
figure 1. The deflection of the beam under the load was recorded up to the first crack. All the beams
he
were loaded up to failure.
Fig.2 Arrangement for Loading of Flexure Test Specimen
58

5. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
The flexural strength is calculated by the formula (From IS 516-1959)
Where,
fb= Flexural strength, MPa or N/mm2
b = measured width in mm of the specimen,
d = measured depth in mm of the specimen at the point of failure,
l = length in mm of the span on which the specimen was supported,
and
p = maximum load in ‘N’ applied to the specimen.
The flexural strength results are given in table 5:
10
5
14days
0
0%
.
10%
15%
20%
28 dayz
14days
25%
30%
28 dayz
35%
Flexural strength (N/mm2) V/S replacement percentage of steel slag
Sr.no.
Slag
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
0
10
15
20
25
30
35
%
Table 5. (Flexural Strength)
Flexural strength at
Flexural strength at
14 days (N/mm2)
28 days (N/mm2)
6.044
7.857
6.85
8.835
6.20
6.99
5.749
6.393
5.67
5.352
5.25
5.141
4.62
4.802
59

6. International Journal of Civil Engineering and Technology (IJCIET), ISSN 0976 – 6308
(Print), ISSN 0976 – 6316(Online) Volume 4, Issue 5, September – October (2013), © IAEME
TEST RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Compressive strength
Results of compressive strength represent that, at 28 days, with a replacing percentage of
steel slag as 20%, we found 21% increase in compressive strength as compared to 0% replacement.
That is the compressive strength at 20% is 1.21 times more than that of 0% replacement.
Flexural Strength
The average flexural strength of Steel slag concrete at the age of 14 days and 28 days is
shown in Table 5 Results shows that at 28 days, with a replacing percentage of steel slag as 10%, we
got 12% increase in strength than that of 0% replacement. That is at 10% we got an increase of 1.12
times in strength as compared to 0% value.
CONCLUSION
Following are the conclusions drawn from the above research work
1. we can conclude that, at 20 % replacement of cement with unprocessed steel slag gives
desirable compressive strength
2. At 10% of replacement of cement with unprocessed steel slag gives desirable flexural
strength which can be can accounted for the construction practices.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS
The authors wish to thank the Management, Principal, Head of Civil Engineering Department
and staff of Jawaharlal Nehru engineering College, Aurangabad and Authorities of
Dr. Babasaheb Ambedkar Marathwada University for their support. The authors express their deep
and sincere thanks to Prof.S.B Shinde (Department of Civil Engineering, JNEC Aurangabad) for her
tremendous support and valuable guidance from time to time.
REFERENCES
1. Properties and hydration of blended cement with steel making slag’ by Hellenic research center Ltd,
Heracle group, 15K Patile,14123 lykoverisssi, Athens, Greece. (9 march 2007).
2. A. Altun, I. Yilmaz, ‘ Study on steel furnace slag with high magnesium oxide as an additive in
Portland cement’ , cement and concrete research 32 (8)(2002).
3. C.Shi,J.Qian, ‘High performance cementing material from steel slag ‘ – a review, resources,
conservation and recycling 29(3) (2000)195-207.
4. Characteristis of Portland cement pastes with high replacements of slag’ by A.M.Radwan, E.A.ElAlfi, and R.M.Osman. National research center, Dohki,Egypt. (3march 2012)
5. Chan WWJ.CML Wu2000. ‘Durability of concrete with high cement replacement’ cement concrete
research 30(6):865-879.
6. Oner.A and Akyuz.S 2007 ‘An experimental study of optimum usage of GGBS for the compressive
strength of concrete.
7. Riyaz Khan and Prof.S.B.Shinde, “Effect of Unprocessed Steel Slag on the Strength of Concrete
when used as Fine Aggregate”, International Journal of Civil Engineering & Technology (IJCIET),
Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 231 - 239, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308, ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
8. D.B.Mohite and S.B.Shinde, “Experimental Investigation on Effect of Different Shaped Steel Fibers
on Flexural Strength of High Strength Concrete”, International Journal of Civil Engineering &
Technology (IJCIET), Volume 4, Issue 2, 2013, pp. 332 - 336, ISSN Print: 0976 – 6308,
ISSN Online: 0976 – 6316.
60