Taguchi analysis of single layer CrN coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel to ...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Taguchi analysis was applied to find optimum parameters for the minimization of erosion rate of various coated and uncoated samples. The results of Taguchi experiments also indicated that among all the factors, impact velocity became least significant when samples were coated with CrN whereas it was most significant for uncoated samples. Coating thickness was the second most significant factor in the case of CrN coated samples. PVD- CrN coatings reduced the wear rate by nearly 2 times.
An Experimental Investigation on Effect of Elevated Temperatures on M35 grade...IJERD Editor
In the event of sudden fire break out, the concrete elements such as columns, beams etc. are
subjected to extreme temperatures. The assessment of their performance after fire becomes necessary to decide
upon its fitness and required repair measures. Hence, it is important to understand the changes in the concrete
properties due to its exposure to extreme temperatures. It is important to know the effect of elevated temperature
on the properties of concrete. In this project thesis work experimental investigation is carried out to study the
effects of elevated temperatures on the compressive strength of normal concrete and on concrete by partial
replacement of cement with various percentages of fly ash. In the present study a concrete mix M35 and is taken.
In the normal concrete, cement is replaced with (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) fly ash.The compressive strength of
concrete with various percentages of fly ash (0%to 25%) are subjected to temperatures (400 to 6000C), for
different time periods (30 and 60min) which were tested for 28 days and 56 days of curing. The samples are
cured in water and later exposed to various temperatures with various time periods. After heating the samples in
electrical furnace to the desired temperatures .They are allowed to cool to the room temperatures and tested
under compression. The average of the readings obtained is recorded and presented in various tables. This study
shows that the compressive strength of fly ash (0%to 10%) concrete is more than the normal concrete at room
temperatures and elevated temperatures and also compared to compressive strength of fly ash (15%to 25%)
concrete.
Effect of Nano-Tio2addition on Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Corrosio...IJERA Editor
Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of nanoTiO2on compressive strength,bond strength and corrosion behavior of reinforcement bars. It has been found that the compressive strength, bond strength and corrosion resistance was increased with increasing nano-TiO2to 1.5wt. % as replacement of cement. Beyond this value, these properties decrease.
Taguchi analysis of single layer CrN coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel to ...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Taguchi analysis was applied to find optimum parameters for the minimization of erosion rate of various coated and uncoated samples. The results of Taguchi experiments also indicated that among all the factors, impact velocity became least significant when samples were coated with CrN whereas it was most significant for uncoated samples. Coating thickness was the second most significant factor in the case of CrN coated samples. PVD- CrN coatings reduced the wear rate by nearly 2 times.
An Experimental Investigation on Effect of Elevated Temperatures on M35 grade...IJERD Editor
In the event of sudden fire break out, the concrete elements such as columns, beams etc. are
subjected to extreme temperatures. The assessment of their performance after fire becomes necessary to decide
upon its fitness and required repair measures. Hence, it is important to understand the changes in the concrete
properties due to its exposure to extreme temperatures. It is important to know the effect of elevated temperature
on the properties of concrete. In this project thesis work experimental investigation is carried out to study the
effects of elevated temperatures on the compressive strength of normal concrete and on concrete by partial
replacement of cement with various percentages of fly ash. In the present study a concrete mix M35 and is taken.
In the normal concrete, cement is replaced with (0, 5, 10, 15, 20 and 25%) fly ash.The compressive strength of
concrete with various percentages of fly ash (0%to 25%) are subjected to temperatures (400 to 6000C), for
different time periods (30 and 60min) which were tested for 28 days and 56 days of curing. The samples are
cured in water and later exposed to various temperatures with various time periods. After heating the samples in
electrical furnace to the desired temperatures .They are allowed to cool to the room temperatures and tested
under compression. The average of the readings obtained is recorded and presented in various tables. This study
shows that the compressive strength of fly ash (0%to 10%) concrete is more than the normal concrete at room
temperatures and elevated temperatures and also compared to compressive strength of fly ash (15%to 25%)
concrete.
Effect of Nano-Tio2addition on Mechanical Properties of Concrete and Corrosio...IJERA Editor
Concrete science is a multidisciplinary area of research where nanotechnology potentially offers the opportunity to enhance the understanding of concrete behavior, to engineer its properties and to lower production and ecological cost of construction materials. The main objective of this research was to evaluate the effect of nanoTiO2on compressive strength,bond strength and corrosion behavior of reinforcement bars. It has been found that the compressive strength, bond strength and corrosion resistance was increased with increasing nano-TiO2to 1.5wt. % as replacement of cement. Beyond this value, these properties decrease.
The influence of silicon carbide SiC abrasive particles of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 size on carburized digger tooth steel was studied. Four types of steel, with different hardness, were tested at two constant linear sliding speeds and under various loads of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50N. Tests were carried out for sliding time of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5min. Experimental results showed that there was consistent reduction in abrasive wear as the hardness of the materials was increased. It was found that wear increased with the increase of applied load, linear sliding speed and sliding time. Also, it was noticed that the wear increased with increase in abrasive particle size, and the most effective size was 40 . SEM observations of the worm surface showed that the cutting and ploughing were the dominant abrasive wear mechanisms.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Corrosion Measursement, Friction testing and XRD Analysis of Single Layer CrN...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution using a Potentiostat, in order to analyze the corrosion behavior of the coated samples in sea water environment. Coefficient of friction was measured using a Scratch Tester. XRD analysis of the eroded samples indicated the presence of both CrN and Cr2N (200) in the coatings.
Comparison of Fatigue Characteristic for AISI 1039 Steel with Surface Treatmentijceronline
Wear and fatigue resistance in steel components used in various industries can be improved by surface treatments. Coatings systems which are used for improving the mechanical properties, generally, decreased the components fatigue life due to micro cracks, that propagate through the substrate , it is possible to improve the fatigue resistance of a component by the application of shot peening treatment, whose compressive residual stresses delay or eliminate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The aim of this study is to obtain the fatigue limit of untreated, shot peened, and hard chromium coating of medium carbon steel AISI 1039 and comparison between them. Fatigue tests were carried out using small samples with 4 mm diameter, with hard chromium layer of (47.1) µm thick. Rotating-bending fatigue test was carried out on samples after shot peening with steel balls of about 20 minutes peening time. Experimental results showed that hard chromium electroplating decreased the fatigue life and fatigue limit in comparison with the uncoated steel. As the highest thickness for coating was 23µm. On the other hand, Shot peening Results indicated that the fatigue strengths of samples are increased and the highest fatigue limit was (298.566Mpa) after treated the samples by shot peening for 20 minutes.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND HOT EROSION BEHAVIOR OF CRC-NICR COATED ...IAEME Publication
Erosion behavior of the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) deposited CrC - NiCr coating on stainless steel was evaluated. Th e solid particle erosion stu dy was conducted using an air jet erosion test rig at a velocity 60m/sec and impingement angle 60 ° , 75 ° and 90 ° , on HVOF spray coated steel at 600 ° C. Microstructure, chemical composition, phases present in the coating on the steel substrate was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X - Ray Diffraction method. The Hardness is gradually increasing with increasing content of Cr 3 C 2 particles in all three samples. The erosion mechanism of coatings was also discussed and erosion rate is maximum at impingement angle 75 °
Erosive Corrosive Wear Performance of Single Layer CrN Coatings on AISI 304 S...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Steady state analysis was applied to find optimum parameters for the minimization of erosion rate of various coated and uncoated samples. The finding of steady state condition tests indicated that the erosion rate increased with the increase in impact velocity and erodent discharge but decreased with the increase in coating thickness. The results also indicated that erodent discharge was the most significant factor, followed by impingement angle and impact velocity for the CrN coated samples. The SEM characterization of the eroded samples was carried out in order to analyze the topography of the eroded surface to investigate the wear mechanisms induced by slurry jet erosion test.
Mechanical Behaviour of AA 6061-Ca2SiO3 Compositeijtsrd
The advantage of composite materials over non alloy virgin metals has been on the front burner in the engineering materials sphere. To this ends, various reinforcement materials are constantly been mixed with metal matrix to form new composite materials. Ca2SiO3 is a ceramic material which finds application in medicine, heat and noise insulation, acid remediation, cement production etc. since it possesses qualities needed for the formation of composites, and is largely not researched on, this study aimed to characterize the mechanical properties of the AA 6061 Ca2SiO3 composite for different composition of percentage mix, and to establish a model that would predict the UTS for known values of percentage mix and load. Result of the study shows that 6 Ca2SiO3 - 94 AA 6061 and 24 Ca2SiO3 - 76 AA 6061 possessed the highest modulus of elasticity and are stiffer while 2 Ca2SiO3 - 98 AA 6061 mix had the lowest modulus of elasticity, and is more ductile than other composition mix. Also, it was observed that addition of Ca2SiO3 to AA 6061 T4 greatly improves its mechanical properties and96.43 of the variations in stress experienced by various percentage composition of the composite mix can be explained by the developed model. B. C. Chukwudi | B. M. Ogunedo "Mechanical Behaviour of AA 6061-Ca2SiO3 Composite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47596.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/47596/mechanical-behaviour-of-aa-6061-ca2sio3-composite/b-c-chukwudi
The present research work is on bronze alloy metal matrix composite reinforced with fly ash particulate in
weight percentage of 3%, 6% and 9%. The specimens can be produced by Liquid metallurgy technique (Stir casting
method) will be used to produce metal matrix composites using Aluminum Copper alloys as matrix material. The
produced composites will be characterized with respect to mechanical properties and wear properties. Results
obtained from the above investigation, it can be seen that the rate of wear is decreased with increasing bronze and
will be helpful for the end of users in the foundry of automobile and aerospace industries.
Through this paper an attempt is made to study and review a special welding technology of friction stir welding (FSW) which is a solid-state joining process. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a recent advanced technique, invented by The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991, that utilizes a nonconsumable rotating welding tool to generate frictional heat and plastic deformation at the welding location; thereby, affecting the formation of a joint while the material is in the solid state. In particular, FSW can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other high temperature metallic alloys that are difficult to weld by conventional fusion welding method. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining process in a decade The comprehensive body of knowledge that has built up with respect to the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys. This study addresses the current state of understanding and development of the FSW process. The principles of weld formation, welding parameters, design principles, including metal flow and thermal history, before discussing how process parameters affect the weld properties Danail Abdullah"A Review of Friction Stirs Welding" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd124.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/124/a-review-of-friction-stirs-welding/danail-abdullah
Effect of Thickness of Tubes on Pressure of Flare
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (3), 2014, 52–55
M.T. Hannachi *, B. Dahech, H. Guelouche, M. Fareh
Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium ...IJERA Editor
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a promising solid state joining process widely used generally for Al alloys,
especially in aerospace, marine and automobile applications. In present work, the microstructure and corrosion
behavior of friction stir welded AA6101 T6 Al alloy is studied. The friction stir welding was carried using
vertical milling machine with different tool rotational speeds and welding speeds. The microstructure at weld
nugget or stir zone (SN), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal
were observed using optical microscopy. The corrosion tests of base alloy and welded joints were carried out in
3.5% NaCl solution at temperature of 30º C. Corrosion rate and emf were determined using cyclic polarization
measurement.
1 ijcmes dec-2015-17-optimization of friction stir welding parameters for joi...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Friction stir welding was a promising welding technology from the same moment of its existence because of its easy use, being ecologically friendly processed and with no need for filler metal. The present paper discusses the investigate the mechanical properties in order to demonstrate the feasibility of friction stir welding for joining Al 6061 aluminum alloy welding was performed on pipe. The pipe sections, 30mm, and relatively thin walled 2, 3 and 4 mm. Wire welded as similar alloy joints using (FSW) process In order to investigate the effect of rotation speed 485,710, 910, 1120,1400 and 1800 RPM and travel speeds 4, 8 and 10 mm/min. On mechanical propertie.
This work also focuses on mathematic models such as regression analysis (RA) to predict the tensile strength, the percentage of elongation and hardness of friction stir welded 6061 aluminum alloy. The Tensile strength, the percentage of elongation and hardness of weld joints were predicted by taking the parameters Tool rotation speed, material thickness and travel speed as a function. The results obtained through regresion analysis The models have been proved to be successful in terms of agreement with experimental results ratio 94.6%.
The influence of silicon carbide SiC abrasive particles of 20, 30, 40, 50 and 60 size on carburized digger tooth steel was studied. Four types of steel, with different hardness, were tested at two constant linear sliding speeds and under various loads of 10, 20, 30, 40 and 50N. Tests were carried out for sliding time of 0.5, 1.0, 1.5, 2.0 and 2.5min. Experimental results showed that there was consistent reduction in abrasive wear as the hardness of the materials was increased. It was found that wear increased with the increase of applied load, linear sliding speed and sliding time. Also, it was noticed that the wear increased with increase in abrasive particle size, and the most effective size was 40 . SEM observations of the worm surface showed that the cutting and ploughing were the dominant abrasive wear mechanisms.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
Corrosion Measursement, Friction testing and XRD Analysis of Single Layer CrN...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Corrosion tests were conducted in 3.5 wt. % NaCl solution using a Potentiostat, in order to analyze the corrosion behavior of the coated samples in sea water environment. Coefficient of friction was measured using a Scratch Tester. XRD analysis of the eroded samples indicated the presence of both CrN and Cr2N (200) in the coatings.
Comparison of Fatigue Characteristic for AISI 1039 Steel with Surface Treatmentijceronline
Wear and fatigue resistance in steel components used in various industries can be improved by surface treatments. Coatings systems which are used for improving the mechanical properties, generally, decreased the components fatigue life due to micro cracks, that propagate through the substrate , it is possible to improve the fatigue resistance of a component by the application of shot peening treatment, whose compressive residual stresses delay or eliminate the initiation and propagation of fatigue cracks. The aim of this study is to obtain the fatigue limit of untreated, shot peened, and hard chromium coating of medium carbon steel AISI 1039 and comparison between them. Fatigue tests were carried out using small samples with 4 mm diameter, with hard chromium layer of (47.1) µm thick. Rotating-bending fatigue test was carried out on samples after shot peening with steel balls of about 20 minutes peening time. Experimental results showed that hard chromium electroplating decreased the fatigue life and fatigue limit in comparison with the uncoated steel. As the highest thickness for coating was 23µm. On the other hand, Shot peening Results indicated that the fatigue strengths of samples are increased and the highest fatigue limit was (298.566Mpa) after treated the samples by shot peening for 20 minutes.
MICROSTRUCTURAL CHARACTERIZATION AND HOT EROSION BEHAVIOR OF CRC-NICR COATED ...IAEME Publication
Erosion behavior of the High Velocity Oxygen Fuel (HVOF) deposited CrC - NiCr coating on stainless steel was evaluated. Th e solid particle erosion stu dy was conducted using an air jet erosion test rig at a velocity 60m/sec and impingement angle 60 ° , 75 ° and 90 ° , on HVOF spray coated steel at 600 ° C. Microstructure, chemical composition, phases present in the coating on the steel substrate was studied by using Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and X - Ray Diffraction method. The Hardness is gradually increasing with increasing content of Cr 3 C 2 particles in all three samples. The erosion mechanism of coatings was also discussed and erosion rate is maximum at impingement angle 75 °
Erosive Corrosive Wear Performance of Single Layer CrN Coatings on AISI 304 S...IJAEMSJORNAL
The purpose of present study was to investigate the erosive corrosive wear behavior of single layer (CrN) coatings on AISI 304 Stainless Steel samples with varying coating thickness (0-200 nm) in the range of 50 nm. The slurry jet erosive test was conducted on Slurry Jet Erosion Tester in saline slurry (3.5wt% salt) under the different working conditions with varying impact velocity (10-25 m/s), impingement angle (30°-75°) and erodent discharge (160-280 gm/min). Steady state analysis was applied to find optimum parameters for the minimization of erosion rate of various coated and uncoated samples. The finding of steady state condition tests indicated that the erosion rate increased with the increase in impact velocity and erodent discharge but decreased with the increase in coating thickness. The results also indicated that erodent discharge was the most significant factor, followed by impingement angle and impact velocity for the CrN coated samples. The SEM characterization of the eroded samples was carried out in order to analyze the topography of the eroded surface to investigate the wear mechanisms induced by slurry jet erosion test.
Mechanical Behaviour of AA 6061-Ca2SiO3 Compositeijtsrd
The advantage of composite materials over non alloy virgin metals has been on the front burner in the engineering materials sphere. To this ends, various reinforcement materials are constantly been mixed with metal matrix to form new composite materials. Ca2SiO3 is a ceramic material which finds application in medicine, heat and noise insulation, acid remediation, cement production etc. since it possesses qualities needed for the formation of composites, and is largely not researched on, this study aimed to characterize the mechanical properties of the AA 6061 Ca2SiO3 composite for different composition of percentage mix, and to establish a model that would predict the UTS for known values of percentage mix and load. Result of the study shows that 6 Ca2SiO3 - 94 AA 6061 and 24 Ca2SiO3 - 76 AA 6061 possessed the highest modulus of elasticity and are stiffer while 2 Ca2SiO3 - 98 AA 6061 mix had the lowest modulus of elasticity, and is more ductile than other composition mix. Also, it was observed that addition of Ca2SiO3 to AA 6061 T4 greatly improves its mechanical properties and96.43 of the variations in stress experienced by various percentage composition of the composite mix can be explained by the developed model. B. C. Chukwudi | B. M. Ogunedo "Mechanical Behaviour of AA 6061-Ca2SiO3 Composite" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-6 , October 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd47596.pdf Paper URL : https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/47596/mechanical-behaviour-of-aa-6061-ca2sio3-composite/b-c-chukwudi
The present research work is on bronze alloy metal matrix composite reinforced with fly ash particulate in
weight percentage of 3%, 6% and 9%. The specimens can be produced by Liquid metallurgy technique (Stir casting
method) will be used to produce metal matrix composites using Aluminum Copper alloys as matrix material. The
produced composites will be characterized with respect to mechanical properties and wear properties. Results
obtained from the above investigation, it can be seen that the rate of wear is decreased with increasing bronze and
will be helpful for the end of users in the foundry of automobile and aerospace industries.
Through this paper an attempt is made to study and review a special welding technology of friction stir welding (FSW) which is a solid-state joining process. Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a recent advanced technique, invented by The Welding Institute (TWI) in 1991, that utilizes a nonconsumable rotating welding tool to generate frictional heat and plastic deformation at the welding location; thereby, affecting the formation of a joint while the material is in the solid state. In particular, FSW can be used to join high-strength aerospace aluminum alloys and other high temperature metallic alloys that are difficult to weld by conventional fusion welding method. FSW is considered to be the most significant development in metal joining process in a decade The comprehensive body of knowledge that has built up with respect to the friction stir welding (FSW) of aluminum alloys. This study addresses the current state of understanding and development of the FSW process. The principles of weld formation, welding parameters, design principles, including metal flow and thermal history, before discussing how process parameters affect the weld properties Danail Abdullah"A Review of Friction Stirs Welding" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-1 | Issue-4 , June 2017, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd124.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/124/a-review-of-friction-stirs-welding/danail-abdullah
Effect of Thickness of Tubes on Pressure of Flare
Original Research Article
Journal of Chemistry and Materials Research Vol. 1 (3), 2014, 52–55
M.T. Hannachi *, B. Dahech, H. Guelouche, M. Fareh
Study of Pitting Corrosion Behavior of FSW weldments of AA6101- T6 Aluminium ...IJERA Editor
Friction Stir Welding (FSW) is a promising solid state joining process widely used generally for Al alloys,
especially in aerospace, marine and automobile applications. In present work, the microstructure and corrosion
behavior of friction stir welded AA6101 T6 Al alloy is studied. The friction stir welding was carried using
vertical milling machine with different tool rotational speeds and welding speeds. The microstructure at weld
nugget or stir zone (SN), thermo-mechanically affected zone (TMAZ), heat affected zone (HAZ) and base metal
were observed using optical microscopy. The corrosion tests of base alloy and welded joints were carried out in
3.5% NaCl solution at temperature of 30º C. Corrosion rate and emf were determined using cyclic polarization
measurement.
1 ijcmes dec-2015-17-optimization of friction stir welding parameters for joi...INFOGAIN PUBLICATION
Friction stir welding was a promising welding technology from the same moment of its existence because of its easy use, being ecologically friendly processed and with no need for filler metal. The present paper discusses the investigate the mechanical properties in order to demonstrate the feasibility of friction stir welding for joining Al 6061 aluminum alloy welding was performed on pipe. The pipe sections, 30mm, and relatively thin walled 2, 3 and 4 mm. Wire welded as similar alloy joints using (FSW) process In order to investigate the effect of rotation speed 485,710, 910, 1120,1400 and 1800 RPM and travel speeds 4, 8 and 10 mm/min. On mechanical propertie.
This work also focuses on mathematic models such as regression analysis (RA) to predict the tensile strength, the percentage of elongation and hardness of friction stir welded 6061 aluminum alloy. The Tensile strength, the percentage of elongation and hardness of weld joints were predicted by taking the parameters Tool rotation speed, material thickness and travel speed as a function. The results obtained through regresion analysis The models have been proved to be successful in terms of agreement with experimental results ratio 94.6%.
In the material testing laboratory, a Charpy impact test was performed on three different types (hot,cold,and steel alloy)of steels testing each variety at four different temperatures (32°C(RT), 100°C,0°C and -22°C ). From results (shown below), we determined that the a transition is from ductile failures to brittle failures
International Journal of Computational Engineering Research(IJCER) is an intentional online Journal in English monthly publishing journal. This Journal publish original research work that contributes significantly to further the scientific knowledge in engineering and Technology
surface characteristics and electrochemical impedance investigation of spark-...mohammad fazel
In this study, the surface characteristic of oxide films on Ti-6Al-4V alloy formed by an anodic oxidation treatment at potentials higher than the breakdown voltage was evaluated.
In this work, effect of welding electrode, welding current and corrosion media on
corrosion behaviour of three kinds of stainless steel (AISI 304, AISI 316 and AISI 410)
was investigated. Welding was performed by manual metal arc welding process using
three types of welding electrode (E308L, E316L and E310). Corrosion behaviour of
the welded joints was examined in two chloride mediums (3.5%NaCl and 3.5%KCl).
The results showed that welding electrodes E316L and E310, which contain Mo and
Ni respectively, increase corrosion resistance in of the weldment. The increment in
heat input by increasing welding current caused reduction in corrosion resistance by
facilitating carbon diffusion and formation of chromium carbides in the weld area. It
was also found that corrosion rate of 3.5% NaCl was more aggressive than 3.5% KCl.
Experimental Analysis to Optimize parameters of Friction Stir Welding of Alum...IJSRD
This paper is a review of research work in the last decade on friction stir welding. In many industrial applications steel is readily replaced by non-ferrous alloys like aluminum alloys. Aluminum alloys having good mechanical properties as equated structural steel and low weight that allows a significant reduction in weight. But the welding of aluminum alloys by regular processes can causes serious problems. The difficulties are like loss of alloying elements and presence of separation and porosities in the weld joint. Friction stir welding (FSW) is a solid state welding process, which removes all these problems of solidification related with the conventional fusion welding processes. In this research work an attempt has been made to develop an the relationship between FSW variables (tool rotation and tilt angle) and tensile strength and yield strength of number of pass friction stir welded aluminium alloy AA 6082 butt joints. Taguchi method is used for analysing the problem in which several independent variables influence the response. A three-parameter -three-level central composite design was used to determine the optimal factors of friction stir welding process for aluminium alloy.
FINITE ELEMENT SIMULATION OF WELDING IN STEEL PIPES AND PLATESIjorat1
Welding is a common joint type in the fabrication of structural members in aerospace, aeronautical and
pressure vessel industries. Welding is highly reliable and efficient metal joining process. The thermal response of
materials to a welding heat source sometimes causes mechanical problems, e.g. residual stresses and distortion and
changes in mechanical properties due to changes in the microstructure. The Finite Element Method (FEM) is the most
commonly used numerical technique, which provides accurate estimates of thermal parameters for this analysis. Finite
Element Analysis (FEA) is a tool used especially in determining the thermal stresses and temperature distribution of
the welded models, which are difficult to analyze by hand calculations. The objective of the current work is to study
transient temperature in both arc welded pipe and welded plate of 304L stainless steel. The object is modeled in 3D and
analyzed using FEA with an element type of SOLID70 and heat density of the moving circular area heat source is used.
Knowledge of temperature distribution patterns is useful in any welding process to predict microstructure and
distortion. In the current work a model has been developed to predict the thermal cycles during welding of 304L
pipeline steel
Prediction of Weld Quality of A Tungsten Inertr Gas Welded Mild Steel Pipe Jo...IJERA Editor
The weld quality of tungsten inert gas (TIG) welded joint has been investigated to identify the most economical weld parameters that will bring about optimum properties. Response surface methodology has been used in the optimization of the tungsten inert gas weld of mild steel pipes. Response surface methodology, based on the central composite face centered design was generated for the purpose of optimization of the weld quality.All the process parameters have desirability of 1. Tensile strength response for this solution have a desirability of 0.910595 and the yield strength of 0.59. Result showed that minimizing current and voltage an average tensile strength of 535.452MPa and yield strength of up to 408.74MPa can be achieved, while keeping gas flow rate and electrode diameter within the range of test. It was also deduced that tensile elongation of the TIG weld is not influenced by the process parameters selected for the purpose of this study.
Palestine last event orientationfvgnh .pptxRaedMohamed3
An EFL lesson about the current events in Palestine. It is intended to be for intermediate students who wish to increase their listening skills through a short lesson in power point.
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1. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-5, Issue-4, August 2016
30 www.erpublication.org
Abstract— This research is aimed to study the effect of using
insert materials on the strength of the diffusion welding joints
between commercial–grade Aluminum(AL200) and carbon steel
(S20C).
In this experiment as well as clarifying the mutual relation
between the insert materials and welding conditions, the relation
between the strength of a joint and the formation of compound
layer also investigated. Besides the study of metallurgical effects
of insert materials using by accurate microstructure
examination. it was found that the insert materials when used in
a thin layered form, had important role in enhancing of the
diffusion to weld materials which differ in their melting point.
The result also showed the deformation rate of the joints is
decreased when using insert materials with low yield stress at
constant welding conditions.
Index Terms— welding, diffusion, joint, temperature
I. INTRODUCTION
The diffusion welding is one of the methods used to joint two
different metals, jointed permanently, there are many
advantages to this method as the welding in this way does not
leave a mark on the two pieces welding and to joint the
region[1], and the connecting force between the two pieces
are very large and because it is caused by the spread of atoms
as a result of raising the temperature, its entered invasive in
many areas of manufacturing and production of precision
instruments that need to be great sensitivity, such as electrical
transistors industry as well as small parts of electronic
computers [2].
Several experiments have been conducted in this area was
where the welding different metals multi-most famously made
by Kaukato group of Japanese were diffusion welding
between pure aluminum AL100 and Mild steel using
intermediate compounds such as Ti-Ni alloy, these
experiments and studies included to identify some properties
mechanical such as tensile strength and shock when you
change different welding conditions as these studies showed
that the effectiveness of the use of intermediate compounds
depends on the quality of the thermal treatment performed on
the mother of two pieces and on the nature of welding where if
welding was one dip or more, and the results also showed that
the conditions of welding (temperature, time, pressure) used
an active role and a large effect on the mechanical strength of
the welding connection[3].
In this research, conducted a study of the possibility of
obtaining the maximum tensile strength of the connection
welding through the use of intermediate compounds are ( Ni,
2024 alloy, Ag), study and investigate the correlation between
the output of the use of intermediate compounds and
Hassan Abdellatif Osman, Assistant Professor, Sudan University of
Science &Technology, Sudan, Mobile No.00249122696248.
conditions of the welding process impact, as well as shed light
on the relationship between the strength of the link and the
formation of metal compounds described during obtain
diffusion.
II. THEORETICAL BASIS
The study of diffusion in important minerals in practice it
happens as a result of the relative movement of atoms, as the
atom moves from place to another within the crystal lattice of
the metal and oscillate about its balanced, altering atoms site
is the cause of diffusion in the material [4], and deployment is
happening inside grained only, but on a grain boundary
surfaces free, proving laboratory experiences that spread the
granular border faster than it is inside the beloved and spread
on the free surfaces faster of the two, and is attributable to the
lack of agglutination granular border installation and surfaces
free[2], and spread via the free surfaces and borders granular
important because the grain boundary occupy much space and
be a network covering the mineral sample, and the diffusion
coefficient depends on the composition and temperature as
the following equation describes the diffusion process[5].
D = Do exp (-Q/RT) ……………............…..(1)
whereas :
D: Propagation coefficient
Do: frequency coefficient
Q: The activation energy for the diffusion
R: gas constant
T: Temperature
Practical experience has shown that different metals are not
spread evenly rate, element which melts at low thermal grade
spreads faster, for example, in the alpha Brass (a mixture of
copper and zinc) zinc atoms spread faster than the copper
atoms, but in a couple of diffusible composed of copper and
nickel, the atoms copper spread faster [6], and as a result this
is happening dilation and contraction of the surface interval
expansion that occurs in the vertical direction on the surface
interval (interface) have not disabled the contraction and
expansion winning the direction parallel to the surface shall
be disabled by a pair diffusion that does not spread it occurs
parts Vicu the first part in the event stresses Hdih and the
other in the case of stresses Pressure where displace atoms,
and lead these stresses to the formation of thermoplastic
(plastic deformation) [7], and accompanies this configuration
are quasi-grained (sub grain) and Recrystallization and the
growth of the grains.
There are several ways to spread are:
A. Interstitial diffusion:
Corn moving in this way from the site of Benny to the nearest
site interface another without the occurrence of permanent
P Diffusion welding of commercial Aluminum to
Carbon Steel
Hassan Abdellatif Osman
2. P Diffusion welding of commercial Aluminum to Carbon Steel
31 www.erpublication.org
original atoms change (matrix atom), that this transition jump
or be accompanied by spillover or deformation (distortion)
and this distortion in the crystal is a barrier to proliferation,
and this kind of commonly spread in alloys in which the atom
occupies interface locations, it is a distortion and a small
deployment does not need to voids (vacancies) [2].
And it expresses its interface diffusion coefficient as follows:
D= a2
ZV exp (-ΔF/RT) ………………….. (2)
whereas:
: Geometric factor
a: Constant of crystalline
Z: Number associated with
V: Frequency
F: Energy needed to deploy
B. Ring diffusion:
The self-diffusion in metals and alloys are not caused by the
direct exchange of atoms, because this method leads to the
formation of large deformations in the crystal inappropriate in
terms of energy stimulant, so the spread gets another way is
ring diffusion where rotation of several atoms at the same
time, this type adequate to explain some unusual phenomena
coefficient diffusion in metals with body-centered crystal
structure (B.C.C) [5].
C. Vacancy mechanism:
A winning spread because corn moved to the empty sites in
crystals as the distortion in this case a little, so the energy that
few are also needed, and this method is the most predominant
in metals and alloys with different crystalline structures
(BCC, FCC, HCP), and Vacancy mechanism also increases
with rising temperature [8].
III. THE PRACTICAL SIDE
A. The method of the experiment
Chemical composition of the samples used are shown in table
{1} and the basic materials used are AL200, S20C. The
geometry of samples welding is cylindrical dimensions of the
form (14×20) mm for the purpose of tensile test and ( 20×28)
mm) for the purpose of Impact test and (10×14) mm for the
purpose of the crystal structure using a microscope
examination, the welding device diffusion, it was use
measuring crawling device creep of metals for this purpose
has been on the tensile stress to the stress put pressure on the
welding samples, and use of electric resistance furnace for the
purpose of the samples heated with thermocouple to set the
temperature of welding, is welding in a vicious room air so as
to prevent air leakage into the welding strictly prohibited ,
also used the hydraulic piston for use in welding some
samples, and the time of the welding process to be determined
with the arrival of the temperature to the desired degree and
pre-set, also used a range of different intermediate materials,
which were clarified thickness and the amount of purity in
table{2}, where installed temperature and pressure and
welding time with the change of use of the type of
intermediate materials, and note the impact on the durability
of the mechanical link and this is the second part of the
practical aspect related to mechanical tests after the welding
process the samples.
B. Mechanical tests
Conducted tensile tests using tensile testing device as
calculated value of the tensile strength when the speed of the
top cross head device and the amount of 0.5mm / min, and
calculated the maximum tensile strength of the connection
welding direction vertical to the line connecting the two
samples connected, and the test was conducted using Charpy
device to see how much carry link welding stresses shock by
using the weight of 5kg so put piece in the examination to be
the edge of a rock fall on the welding area of the welded
samples during the examination, And make microscopic
examination of samples welded near the dividing line between
the welded samples at temperatures of various welding
(500,520,540,600)o
C, having been assigned to the hot and
conducted by gradually smoothing (110,420,500,1200)o
C
and then refined by Alalmunya then Manifesting process
conducted by Olnayatl 4% for a period of 6 seconds after the
sample is washed with alcohol and dried to become a sample
ready for microscopy and imaging.
IV. RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
When using metal sheets of alloy aluminum 2024 Al and raise
the temperature initially at 513o
C at a rate of 2.5o
C/min, and
to check heating of the change in the amount of the liquid
phase, which arise from heating it after heating the ingot and
auditing at different temperatures for 30 min. is galvanization
in water iced, and then measure the amount of liquid phase.
This can be seen in fig.(1), which shows the relationship
between the amount of the liquid phase VL and temperature
where we note that the size of 3.5VL of the liquid phase
occurs at a temperature of 600o
C, also note that the number of
crystalline granules which is calculated in a manner calculate
the distance at least rapidly with temperature rise. Based on
this result, the use of Ni, AL2024, Ag, Ti as material
interfaces between S20C temperature welding fixed 600o
C
and pressure welding equal to 20.065kg/m, is illustrated in
fig.(2), which shows that when using Ni as a feedstock, the
robustness of the link obtained be so that breakage occurs in
the sample during the examination Turning works and using
these four interfaces materials note that the use of Ag gives
Table{2}: The thickness and purity
interfaces used
3. International Journal of Engineering and Technical Research (IJETR)
ISSN: 2321-0869 (O) 2454-4698 (P), Volume-5, Issue-4, August 2016
32 www.erpublication.org
maximum durability of the link and then come (2024 alloy)
while giving Ti less solid connection to welding.
by fig.(3) can be observed ultrastructure next to the welding
area for Ni with S20C obtained in this way, as well as the
presence of a small concavity and convexity of the boundary
between the two pieces and that such a movement of the line
dividing believed it improved the robustness of the connected.
As fig.(4) explains the effect of temperature welding Tw the
screwing of the link AL-Ni in the temperature 610o
C, 650o
C,
the tensile strength of the link be equal to 4.7 kg/mm2
using
compression welding equal to 20.045 kg/mm. And it
increases the tensile strength increased slightly when
increasing the temperature of 640o
C to 650o
C.
The exact composition of the compounds interfaces formed at
the boundary between the AL, Ni for the welding can be seen
in fig.(5), when raising the temperature of 610o
C to 650o
C
gets growth volumetric of these compounds, as shown in
fig.(5).
And fig.(6) shows the effect of the temperature of welding on
the strength tensile connection welding AL - S20C note of the
figure the amount of durability welding pieces conducted by
thermal treatment (annealing) at 600o
C for 30min, we find
that the strength of the joint be close to the durability that
happen by breakage of a piece examination during the boot
process. We find that durability in connection welding
AL-S20C be larger as you can in the temperature 520o
C, with
an increased temperature of welding as strong connected
Welding, note that the feedstock used is alloy 2024 in the
party AL and Ni in the party S20C, this result represents an
indication of the fact that that Tw while increasing growth in
the volumetric crystal boundary phases formed, which leads
to increased Brittleness.
In fig.(7), which illustrates the impact resistance of the
connection welding (AL-S20C), we find at a temperature of
600o
C The impact resistance of a piece examination was
almost equal to the amount which the fraction obtained during
surface operation, and at a temperature of 520o
C we get the
maximum impact resistance manner and with increasing
temperature less impact resistance.
4. P Diffusion welding of commercial Aluminum to Carbon Steel
33 www.erpublication.org
V. CONCLUSIONS
1. durability connection welding depends on the type of
intra-feedstock used in the welding process.
2. during diffusion welding for Ni-S20C must reach the
temperature Tw at least above the temperature of any AL
turned over 723o
C.
3. conclude from mechanical tests that breakage occurs
between the interface and S20C in each case of the four
cases, from above, we can prove that the temperature
used 600o
C be inappropriate to get spread between the
interface used and the S20C, if the temperature is raised
over the diffusion will accelerate but gets deformation in
a piece of aluminum which leads to sacrifice the most
important feature is characterized by a trickle-down
welding deformation of metals curb pain. In diffusion
welding of metals, which vary greatly in degrees of
melting as is the case in our experience, and when you
do not get the durability required using the pre one layer
of the feedstock with the metal with a high degree of
fusion gives tremendous results, when welding nickel
with S20C at a temperature 850 o
C, the durability shall
be equal to 772kg/mm2
which is greater than the value
of the metal is much pain.
4. high temperature of welding Tw increases volumetric
growth interfaces used in diffusion welding, also lead to
reduced tensile durability and impact resistance.
REFERENCES
[1] M Atabaki; M Nikodinovski; P Chenier; R Kovacevic, "Welding of
aluminum alloys to steels: an overview", Research Center for
Advanced Manufacturing and Technology,Southern Methodist
University,6425 Boaz Lane,Dallas,TX,75205, 01 AUG 2013.
[2] A. J. Saad, Triyono, A. Supriyanto, N. Muhayat Z. Yuliadi, " Effect of
Holding Time on the Diffusion Behavior at Interface of Dissimilar
Metals Joint between Aluminum and Carbon Steel Joint Using
Element Promoter", Modern Applied Science; Vol. 8, No. 5; 2014.
[3] Kawakatasu and Kitayama, "The Japan Institute of metals" , NO.40,
P.96,1996.
[4] Ohmac ,Fukatani ,"pressure Technology",NO.19, P.328, 1991.
[5] M.hansen, "Constitution of Binary Alloys", M.Gzaw-Hill, Newyourk
,NO.50,P.64,1991.
[6] Enjoan , Ikeuchi. "The colletion of papers of the welding society", 2.
P599,1984.
[7] Suzumure,onzawa and Tamure,"The Journal of welding society", NO.
50,P.646,1981.
[8] Momono and Enjo,"In course of writing for the light metals",
NO.32,P.111 ,1984.
Dr. Hassan Abdellatif Osman, Assistant Professor,
Ph.D .Mechanical Engineering, Head of School of Mechanical Engineering,
Sudan University of Science &Technology, Sudan, Mobile
No.00249122696248.