This document summarizes a system that uses both wind turbines and a variable capacitor to generate electricity from passing trains. Wind turbines placed between railroad tracks can harness the wind produced by passing trains to generate power. Additionally, a variable capacitor system uses the motion of passing trains to change the capacitance of conductive plates, producing electrical energy from the kinetic energy of the moving trains. The system aims to make productive use of an otherwise wasted energy resource and provide power to remote areas along rail lines.
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
Contents of this presenation entitled 'Introduction of different Energy storage systems used in Electric & Hybrid vehicles' is useful for beginners and students
Operation and Control of Grid Connected Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid using Various RESIAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in alliance with Photo Voltaic (PV) energy, Wind Energy and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel cells. Microgrids are becoming increasingly attractive to the researchers because of the less greenhouse gases, low running cost, and flexibility to operate in connection with utility grid. The Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid constitutes independent AC and DC subgrids, where all the corresponding sources and loads are connected to their respective buses and these buses are interfaced using an interfacing converter. The Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid increases system efficiency by reducing the multiple reverse conversions involved in conventional RES integration to grid. A Small Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in grid connected mode was modeled and simulated in MATLAB- SIMULINK environment. The simulation results prove the stable operation considering the uncertainty of generations and loads.
Energy Management System in Electric Vehicle with PV Fed SRM SystemIJMTST Journal
This project presents the switched reluctance motor (SRM) with hybrid renewable system. Switched
Reluctance Motors (SRM) has a wide range of industrial applications because of their advantages over
conventional AC/DC Drives. This is due to simple construction, ruggedness and inexpensive manufacturing
potential. Various methods have used and applied to control SRM speed generally, the PV-fed EV has a
similar structure to the hybrid electrical vehicle, whose internal combustion engine(ICE) is replaced by the
hybrid system. A hybrid energy system, or hybrid power, usually consists of two or more renewable energy
sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply.
The PV has different characteristics to ICEs, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and solar energy
utilization are the unique factors for the PV-fed EVs. This matter is done by applying the proposed system to
a multi-objective function including both speed error and torque ripple. This controller is implemented for an
8/6, 4-kW SRM. In this paper to coordinate the PV panel, SRM and battery. Hybrid renewables applied in
Energy storage like battery technologies, superconducting magnetic energy, capacitors, compressed air and
pumped storage, seems to be an alternative method that the operator of an electrical power grid can use to
adapt energy production to energy consumption, both of which can vary randomly over time. The simulation
results confirm excellent dynamic performance, reduced torque ripple and current oscillation can be achieved
by using ANFIS
Performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit in dist...ijcsit
In this paper, the performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit is presented. In this
study a model of wind power is driven by an induction machine. Wind power that is distributed generation
is capable of supplying power to ac power distribution network. Wind power generation system is modeled
and simulated using Matlab Simulink software such that it can be suitable for modeling some kind of
induction generator configurations. To analyze more deeply the performance of the wind turbine system,
both normal and fault conditions scenarios have been applied. Simulation results prove the excellent
performance of the wind power unit under normal and fault conditions in the power distribution system.
A survey on power management strategies of hybrid energy systems in microgrid IJECEIAES
The power generation through renewable energy resources is increasing vastly, Solar energy and Wind Energy are the most abundantly available renewable energy resources. The growth of small scale distributed grid networks increasing rapidly in the modern power systems and Distributed Generation (DG) plays a predominant role. Microgrid is one among the emerging techniques in power systems. Power Management is mainly required to have control over the real and reactive power of individual DG and for smooth operation, maintaining stability and reliability. This paper presents a survey of the research works already reported focusing on power management of hybrid energy systems such as mainly solar and wind systems in microgrid. Six different approaches have been studied in detail for AC, DC and hybrid AC/DC microgrid.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
With increased competitiveness in power generation industries, more resources are directed in optimizing plant operation, including fault detection and diagnosis. One of the most powerful tools in faults detection and diagnosis is artificial intelligence AI . Faults should be detected early so correct mitigation measures can be taken, whilst false alarms should be eschewed to avoid unnecessary interruption and downtime. For the last few decades there has been major interest towards intelligent condition monitoring system ICMS application in power plant especially with AI development particularly in artificial neural network ANN . ANN is based on quite simple principles, but takes advantage of their mathematical nature, non linear iteration to demonstrate powerful problem solving ability. With massive possibility and room for improvement in AI, the inspiration for researching them are apparent, and literally, hundreds of papers have been published, discussing the findings of hybrid AI for condition monitoring purposes. In this paper, the studies of ANN and fuzzy logic application will be presented. P. Naveen | S. Nikitha | P. Sudeesh | V. Vaishnavi "Artificial Intelligence in Power Station" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29784/artificial-intelligence-in-power-station/p-naveen
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR CRITICAL LOADS USING POWER ELECTRONICSrenukasningadally
The work aims at an Energy Management System (EMS) for Critical loads using Power Electronics. Here hybrid power sources (Grid and Solar cells) with battery have been used to supply the power to the critical loads at all times, suppose an end user increases his critical loads or non-critical loads this EMS system helps to maintain continuous power supply to these loads. Solar or Photovoltaic cells have been used for storing energy through battery and these batteries will discharge the stored energy at two conditions, one is when grid is shut down for short duration or for a long duration and another one is when there sudden increase in load by users
There is need for an energy storage device capable of transferring high power in transient situations
aboard naval vessels. Currently, batteries are used to accomplish this task, but previous research has
shown that when utilized at high power rates, these devices deteriorate over time causing a loss in lifespan.
It has been shown that a hybrid energy storage configuration is capable of meeting such a demand while
reducing the strain placed on individual components. While designing a custom converter capable of
controlling the power to and from a battery would be ideal for this application, it can be costly to develop
when compared to purchasing commercially available products. Commercially available products offer
limited controllability in exchange for their proven performance and lower cost point - often times only
allowing a system level control input without any way to interface with low level controls that are
frequently used in controller design. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy logic control in order to provide
a system level control to the converters responsible for limiting power to and from the battery. A system
will be described mathematically, modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and a fuzzy logic controller will be
compared with a typical controller.
Stand-alone Hybrid systems become appreciating issues that ensure the required electricity to consumers. The development of a stand-alone Hybrid system becomes a necessity for multiple applications The enhance energy security. To achieve this objective, we have proposed an accurate dynamic model using Multi-Agent System (MAS) in which a solar energy System (SES) serves as the main load supply, an energy Backup System (ERS) is based on a fuel cell and Electrolyzer for long-term energy storage and an Ultra Capacitor (UCap) storage system deployed as a short-time storage. To cooperate with all systems, an Intelligent Power Management (IPM) based on a specific MAS is included. Thus, to prove the performance of the system, we tested and simulated it using the Matlab/Simulink environment.
In recent trends, the use of electric vehicles is taking a sudden hike as they seem to be a much more friendly for the environment as compared to the conventional vehicles that run on combustion engines for a mode of transportation. With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the demand on the utility grid is also increasing. To overcome this problem, other alternative sources of energy need to be considered. Photovoltaic energy as the solution is finding its place in the EV charging systems. However, the total amount of energy that can be generated from the PV system is constrained, based on many parameters such as solar radiation, availability of space for Solar power plant development, maintenance of the system, etc. Hence, to maintain the continuity of the system, it needs to be integrated with the grid as well. This offers a smooth charging operation for the electric vehicles. In this paper, a new method is introduced for the integration between the solar inverter system and the utility transmission grid. Quasi-Z-source topology is proposed for the system integration. This topology facilitates a bidirectional flow of power between the PV source, the storage unit and the utility grid. The greatest advantage of this topology is its flexibility with different voltage levels of the solar inverter DC connection and the storage battery which requires no circuit alteration for charging batteries of different ratings. The hardware for the system is also fabricated. The results demonstrate that the proposed topology fits the generalized requirements.
Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Abuja Nigeria (From December2000 to Dec...IOSR Journals
The prevalence of cleft lip and palate in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital from December 2000 to December 2010 was investigated in this works and was found to be 3.2 in every 1,000 live birth. This is very high as compared to reports from earlier works but was suspected to be due to the smile Train Project which is a private sector driven initiative that takes up the burden of paying for cleft lip and palate repair. Left sides clefts of the lip and palate were found to be almost twice that of right sides cleft of the lip and palate. This was in keeping with reports from earlier works. This study shows there is need for further studies in the field of cleft lip palate in all regions of the country
Operation and Control of Grid Connected Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid using Various RESIAES-IJPEDS
This paper proposes a Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in alliance with Photo Voltaic (PV) energy, Wind Energy and Proton Exchange Membrane (PEM) Fuel cells. Microgrids are becoming increasingly attractive to the researchers because of the less greenhouse gases, low running cost, and flexibility to operate in connection with utility grid. The Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid constitutes independent AC and DC subgrids, where all the corresponding sources and loads are connected to their respective buses and these buses are interfaced using an interfacing converter. The Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid increases system efficiency by reducing the multiple reverse conversions involved in conventional RES integration to grid. A Small Hybrid AC/DC Microgrid in grid connected mode was modeled and simulated in MATLAB- SIMULINK environment. The simulation results prove the stable operation considering the uncertainty of generations and loads.
Energy Management System in Electric Vehicle with PV Fed SRM SystemIJMTST Journal
This project presents the switched reluctance motor (SRM) with hybrid renewable system. Switched
Reluctance Motors (SRM) has a wide range of industrial applications because of their advantages over
conventional AC/DC Drives. This is due to simple construction, ruggedness and inexpensive manufacturing
potential. Various methods have used and applied to control SRM speed generally, the PV-fed EV has a
similar structure to the hybrid electrical vehicle, whose internal combustion engine(ICE) is replaced by the
hybrid system. A hybrid energy system, or hybrid power, usually consists of two or more renewable energy
sources used together to provide increased system efficiency as well as greater balance in energy supply.
The PV has different characteristics to ICEs, the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) and solar energy
utilization are the unique factors for the PV-fed EVs. This matter is done by applying the proposed system to
a multi-objective function including both speed error and torque ripple. This controller is implemented for an
8/6, 4-kW SRM. In this paper to coordinate the PV panel, SRM and battery. Hybrid renewables applied in
Energy storage like battery technologies, superconducting magnetic energy, capacitors, compressed air and
pumped storage, seems to be an alternative method that the operator of an electrical power grid can use to
adapt energy production to energy consumption, both of which can vary randomly over time. The simulation
results confirm excellent dynamic performance, reduced torque ripple and current oscillation can be achieved
by using ANFIS
Performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit in dist...ijcsit
In this paper, the performance analysis of wind turbine as a distributed generation unit is presented. In this
study a model of wind power is driven by an induction machine. Wind power that is distributed generation
is capable of supplying power to ac power distribution network. Wind power generation system is modeled
and simulated using Matlab Simulink software such that it can be suitable for modeling some kind of
induction generator configurations. To analyze more deeply the performance of the wind turbine system,
both normal and fault conditions scenarios have been applied. Simulation results prove the excellent
performance of the wind power unit under normal and fault conditions in the power distribution system.
A survey on power management strategies of hybrid energy systems in microgrid IJECEIAES
The power generation through renewable energy resources is increasing vastly, Solar energy and Wind Energy are the most abundantly available renewable energy resources. The growth of small scale distributed grid networks increasing rapidly in the modern power systems and Distributed Generation (DG) plays a predominant role. Microgrid is one among the emerging techniques in power systems. Power Management is mainly required to have control over the real and reactive power of individual DG and for smooth operation, maintaining stability and reliability. This paper presents a survey of the research works already reported focusing on power management of hybrid energy systems such as mainly solar and wind systems in microgrid. Six different approaches have been studied in detail for AC, DC and hybrid AC/DC microgrid.
Among the most widespread renewable energy sources is solar energy; Solar panels offer a green, clean, and environmentally friendly source of energy. In the presence of several advantages of the use of photovoltaic systems, the random operation of the photovoltaic generator presents a great challenge, in the presence of a critical load. Among the most used solutions to overcome this problem is the combination of solar panels with generators or with the public grid or both. In this paper, an energy management strategy is proposed with a safety aspect by using artificial neural networks (ANNs), in order to ensure a continuous supply of electricity to consumers with a maximum solicitation of renewable energy.
With increased competitiveness in power generation industries, more resources are directed in optimizing plant operation, including fault detection and diagnosis. One of the most powerful tools in faults detection and diagnosis is artificial intelligence AI . Faults should be detected early so correct mitigation measures can be taken, whilst false alarms should be eschewed to avoid unnecessary interruption and downtime. For the last few decades there has been major interest towards intelligent condition monitoring system ICMS application in power plant especially with AI development particularly in artificial neural network ANN . ANN is based on quite simple principles, but takes advantage of their mathematical nature, non linear iteration to demonstrate powerful problem solving ability. With massive possibility and room for improvement in AI, the inspiration for researching them are apparent, and literally, hundreds of papers have been published, discussing the findings of hybrid AI for condition monitoring purposes. In this paper, the studies of ANN and fuzzy logic application will be presented. P. Naveen | S. Nikitha | P. Sudeesh | V. Vaishnavi "Artificial Intelligence in Power Station" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-1 , December 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd29784.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/29784/artificial-intelligence-in-power-station/p-naveen
ENERGY MANAGEMENT SYSTEM FOR CRITICAL LOADS USING POWER ELECTRONICSrenukasningadally
The work aims at an Energy Management System (EMS) for Critical loads using Power Electronics. Here hybrid power sources (Grid and Solar cells) with battery have been used to supply the power to the critical loads at all times, suppose an end user increases his critical loads or non-critical loads this EMS system helps to maintain continuous power supply to these loads. Solar or Photovoltaic cells have been used for storing energy through battery and these batteries will discharge the stored energy at two conditions, one is when grid is shut down for short duration or for a long duration and another one is when there sudden increase in load by users
There is need for an energy storage device capable of transferring high power in transient situations
aboard naval vessels. Currently, batteries are used to accomplish this task, but previous research has
shown that when utilized at high power rates, these devices deteriorate over time causing a loss in lifespan.
It has been shown that a hybrid energy storage configuration is capable of meeting such a demand while
reducing the strain placed on individual components. While designing a custom converter capable of
controlling the power to and from a battery would be ideal for this application, it can be costly to develop
when compared to purchasing commercially available products. Commercially available products offer
limited controllability in exchange for their proven performance and lower cost point - often times only
allowing a system level control input without any way to interface with low level controls that are
frequently used in controller design. This paper proposes the use of fuzzy logic control in order to provide
a system level control to the converters responsible for limiting power to and from the battery. A system
will be described mathematically, modeled in MATLAB/Simulink, and a fuzzy logic controller will be
compared with a typical controller.
Stand-alone Hybrid systems become appreciating issues that ensure the required electricity to consumers. The development of a stand-alone Hybrid system becomes a necessity for multiple applications The enhance energy security. To achieve this objective, we have proposed an accurate dynamic model using Multi-Agent System (MAS) in which a solar energy System (SES) serves as the main load supply, an energy Backup System (ERS) is based on a fuel cell and Electrolyzer for long-term energy storage and an Ultra Capacitor (UCap) storage system deployed as a short-time storage. To cooperate with all systems, an Intelligent Power Management (IPM) based on a specific MAS is included. Thus, to prove the performance of the system, we tested and simulated it using the Matlab/Simulink environment.
In recent trends, the use of electric vehicles is taking a sudden hike as they seem to be a much more friendly for the environment as compared to the conventional vehicles that run on combustion engines for a mode of transportation. With the increasing popularity of electric vehicles, the demand on the utility grid is also increasing. To overcome this problem, other alternative sources of energy need to be considered. Photovoltaic energy as the solution is finding its place in the EV charging systems. However, the total amount of energy that can be generated from the PV system is constrained, based on many parameters such as solar radiation, availability of space for Solar power plant development, maintenance of the system, etc. Hence, to maintain the continuity of the system, it needs to be integrated with the grid as well. This offers a smooth charging operation for the electric vehicles. In this paper, a new method is introduced for the integration between the solar inverter system and the utility transmission grid. Quasi-Z-source topology is proposed for the system integration. This topology facilitates a bidirectional flow of power between the PV source, the storage unit and the utility grid. The greatest advantage of this topology is its flexibility with different voltage levels of the solar inverter DC connection and the storage battery which requires no circuit alteration for charging batteries of different ratings. The hardware for the system is also fabricated. The results demonstrate that the proposed topology fits the generalized requirements.
Prevalence of Cleft Lip and Palate in Abuja Nigeria (From December2000 to Dec...IOSR Journals
The prevalence of cleft lip and palate in University of Abuja Teaching Hospital from December 2000 to December 2010 was investigated in this works and was found to be 3.2 in every 1,000 live birth. This is very high as compared to reports from earlier works but was suspected to be due to the smile Train Project which is a private sector driven initiative that takes up the burden of paying for cleft lip and palate repair. Left sides clefts of the lip and palate were found to be almost twice that of right sides cleft of the lip and palate. This was in keeping with reports from earlier works. This study shows there is need for further studies in the field of cleft lip palate in all regions of the country
Video Encryption and Decryption with Authentication using Artificial Neural N...IOSR Journals
Abstract :Multimedia data security is becoming important with the continuous increase of digital
communications on internet. With the rapid development of various multimedia technologies, more and more
multimedia data are generated and transmitted in the medical, commercial, and military fields, which may
include some sensitive information which should not be accessed by or can only be partially exposed to the
general users. . The encryption algorithms developed to secure text data are not suitable for multimedia
application because of the large data size and real time constraint. Therefore, there is a great demand for
secured data storage and transmission techniques. Information security has traditionally been ensured with
data encryption and authentication techniques. The secrecy of communication is maintained by secret key
exchange. In effect the strength of the algorithm depends solely on the length of the key. The presented work
aims at secure video transmission using randomness in encryption algorithm, thereby creating more confusion
to obtain the original data. The security of the original cipher has been enhanced by addition of impurities to
misguide the cryptanalyst. Since the encryption process is one way function, the artificial neural networks are
best suited for this purpose as they possess features like high security, no distortion and its ability to perform for
non linear input-output characteristics, In the presented work the need for key exchange is also eliminated,
which is otherwise a perquisite for most of the algorithms used today. The proposed work finds its application in
medical imaging systems, military image database communication and confidential video conferencing, and
similar such application. The results are obtained through the use of MATLAB 7.14.0
Keywords: Artificial Neural networks, Back propagation algorithm, video encryption and decryption, cipher
and decipher
The Effects of Rauwolfia Vomitoria Extract on the Liver Enzymes of Carbon Tet...IOSR Journals
Rauwolfia vomitoria is a natural medicinal plant which has been used over the years for the treatment of various ailments. The effects of extract of rauwolfia vomitoria on liver enzymes of carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity were observed in adult wistar rats weighing between 120g and 190g. They were divided into four groups A,B, C and D of six rats each. Group A served as the control and received 0.41ml of distilled water. The experimental groups B, C and D received different doses of drugs as follows : group B received 0.50ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract, group C received 0.5ml of carbon tetrachloride and group D received 0.41ml of carbon tetrachloride + 0.4ml of rauwolfia vomitoria extract. The drugs were administered once in a day using intubation method for a period of twenty one days. Twenty four hours after the last administration, the animals were anaesthetized under chloroform vapour and dissected . liver tissues were removed and weighed. Blood samples were collected by cardiac puncture and Serum samples were separated from clot by centrifugation using bench top centrifuge. Activities of serum aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase and alkaline phosphatase were determined using randox kit method. The relative liver weight for carbon tetrachloride treated group were significantly higher (p<0.001)><0.001) than the control. The extract exhibited a liver protective effect against carbon tetrachloride induced hepatotoxicity
Nutritional Analysis of Edible Wild Fruit (Zizyphus Jujuba Mill.) Used By Rur...IOSR Journals
Wild edible plants form an important constituent of traditional diets in Himalayas. People of Hamirpur District are very close to Nature wild fruits like Zizyphus jujuba Mill. are one of the important natural resources in the district. The indigenous people of the district have direct dependence on the wild plants for their sustenance. Hundreds of wild edible plants are present in the north- western Himalayas, out of which the ‘Ber’ Zizyphus jujuba Mill. has its religious as well as nutritional advantage over the others. Because of the easy accessibility the fruits are very commonly eaten by the rural populace and the travellers. Biochemical analysis of the dried fruits showed remarkable presence of Carbohydrates 69.12%, Total sugars 27.75%, Phosphorus 133mg/100g, Calcium 199.19mg/100g, Magnesium 84.69mg/100g and Iron 4.15mg/100g on dry weight basis. In other words an important supplementary diet for giving strength to otherwise poor and deprived lot. The present communication aims to highlight the fruits eaten by the inner country side people and what nutritional components are they getting in return
Cash Flow Valuation Mode Lin Discrete TimeIOSR Journals
This research consider the modelling of each cash flow valuation in discrete time. It is shown that
the value of cash flow can be modeled in three equivalent ways under same general assumptions. Also,
consideration is given to value process at a stopping time and/ or the cash flow process stopped at some
stopping times.
Application of energy harvesting system in hybrid automobileseSAT Journals
Abstract This paper presents the concept of hybrid automobile using energy harvesting system. In this work solar energy, wind energy, ambient noise and suspension energy harvesting systems have been used. The system hardware prototype has been made and its efficiency has been calculated. The proposed system can prove to be a trend changing and very efficient in this time of depleting non renewable resources. Keywords: Renewable Resources, Non-Renewable Resources, Energy Harvesting System, Hybrid Automobile.
Design of a hybrid power system for a low dc voltage distribution system suit...Itai Hamunakwadi
Abstract—This paper focuses on the design of a hybrid power
system based on renewable energy sources for Low Voltage
Distribution system suitable for remote areas. Rural
electrification has been a challenging issue for many third world
countries. The available national voltage distribution systems are
only limited to areas with good road networks. Consequently, this
means rural and remote areas with poor road networks are
isolated from the national grid. Research is to be conducted so as
to design a feasible islanded power system that can furnish
adequate power to such areas.
Energy crisis are of special attention now-a-days. In this project presents a new system configuration of the front-end rectifier stage for a hybrid Hydro/wind/photovoltaic energy system. This system allows the three sources to supply the load separately or simultaneously depending on the availability of the energy sources. In household power generation wind and solar are the general hybrid energy options, which are used. But the overhead water tank is one of the neglected energy generation sources which are available in normal household and commercial places. In today’s world each and every source of energy has to be utilized. Therefore we are trying to use the stored energy in overhead water tank for power generation. Solar and Wind energy will contribute major part of power generation. Generated power will be stored in the battery which sources power to inverter and inverter to load. It gives us multiple sources of energy and also helps us to recover some amount of energy which is stored in overhead water tank.
IT INCLUDES SOLAR HIGHWAYS, VERTICAL WIND TURBINE, SPEED BUMBERS ENERGY GENERATION, REPORTS AND ARTICLES ETC... FULL PPT IS DONE BY THE STUDENTS OF MIT-WPU UNIVERSITY, KOTHRUD, PUNE...
DO LIKE AND SHARE THIS PPT
Hybrid power generation using renewable energy sources for domestic purposesIAEME Publication
This paper will describe a hybrid system for generating dispatchable electric power using
wind, solar and hydro energy combined together for domestic purposes and storage. The essential
subsystems include vertical axis wind turbines solar panel and a pico-hydro system. This hybrid
power generation system will be particularly useful in charging batteries, lighting up of CFL, playing
of radio. This hybrid wind / solar/hydro system would be a more economical means for achieving
zero-emission, firm, dispatchable capacity than independent construction of wind and solar plant or a
pico- hydro plant generating system.
This paper aims to develop a wind energy harvesting system to charger an electronic device of 5V during traveling period from a place to another. Upon the situation faced by the two wheeler depending on the conventional power socket, this system was constructed to overcome the dependencies of power since the natural energy can be harvested to produce an electrical energy. The power storage unit system was done by integrating supercapacitor to storage the electrical energy hence an arduino microcontroller was been integrated with supercapacitor which able to display the percentage and voltage stored in the supercapacitor. The maximum speed of the geared DC generator is 1297 rpm and based on the testing carried out, it was observed that the maximum voltage produce at 1297 rpm able to produce 17V which sufficient to power up the entire system as it required 5.3V for operating. Besides, the system was converted into acrylic board since the system are to be implemented on two wheeler hence the acrylic board was design based on the conform ability of the user. In a nut shell, the functionality of the entire system was successfully achieved based on the objectives and overcoming the drawback from past research work.
Smfir technology based transportation system and applicability of mppteSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Simulation Model for 3 Phase, 3 Wire Grid Connected System using Hybrid PV Wi...ijtsrd
Due to rising energy demand and diminishing fossil fuel supplies, the quest for renewable energy sources has gained momentum. As a result, researchers have been more interested in harnessing renewable energy sources like sun and wind to create long term, reliable sources of energy. The purpose of this article is to discuss long term solutions for supplying electricity to outlying locations. The framework of a hybrid system is presented in this study. The suggested setup is a hybrid of solar photovoltaics PV and a wind turbine using a Doubly Fed Induction Generator DFIG . The Maximum Power Point Tracking MPPT technology is used in solar panels to increase output. There are two controllers on the DFIG one for the rotors and one for the grid. The inverter AC DC AC is implemented using the vector control approach, and both the rotor side converter and the grid side converter may generate or observe reactive power, as well as regulate the DC link voltage. This study uses MATLAB Simulink to describe a PV wind system that is linked to an existing power infrastructure. This paper explains how to simulate a PV wind hybrid system on three phase power networks. An explanation of the simulation findings for a range of irradiance and wind speeds is provided as well. Kishan Tiwari | Manish Kethoriya "Simulation Model for 3-Phase, 3-Wire Grid Connected System using Hybrid PV-Wind Energy Conversion" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-7 | Issue-1 , February 2023, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd52630.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/52630/simulation-model-for-3phase-3wire-grid-connected-system-using-hybrid-pvwind-energy-conversion/kishan-tiwari
Railway Electrification -
Electricity is used to eliminate smoke and take advantage of the high efficiency of electric motors; however, the cost of railway electrification means that usually only heavily-used lines can be electrified.
the power for electric locomotives can come from clean and/or renewable sources, including geothermalpower, hydroelectric power, nuclear power, solar power and wind turbines.
Electric locomotives benefit from the high efficiency of electric motors, often above 90%. Additional efficiency can be gained from regenerative braking, which allows kinetic energy to be recovered during braking to put some power back on the line. Newer electric locomotives use AC motor-inverter drive systems that provide for regenerative braking.
Thank you.
Wireless charging using electromagnetic induction, and resonance magnetic coupling. Effects and limitations, cheallenges faced and meathods to overcome. Success Case study. References included.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
The International Journal of Engineering and Science (The IJES)theijes
The International Journal of Engineering & Science is aimed at providing a platform for researchers, engineers, scientists, or educators to publish their original research results, to exchange new ideas, to disseminate information in innovative designs, engineering experiences and technological skills. It is also the Journal's objective to promote engineering and technology education. All papers submitted to the Journal will be blind peer-reviewed. Only original articles will be published.
The papers for publication in The International Journal of Engineering& Science are selected through rigorous peer reviews to ensure originality, timeliness, relevance, and readability.
GraphRAG is All You need? LLM & Knowledge GraphGuy Korland
Guy Korland, CEO and Co-founder of FalkorDB, will review two articles on the integration of language models with knowledge graphs.
1. Unifying Large Language Models and Knowledge Graphs: A Roadmap.
https://arxiv.org/abs/2306.08302
2. Microsoft Research's GraphRAG paper and a review paper on various uses of knowledge graphs:
https://www.microsoft.com/en-us/research/blog/graphrag-unlocking-llm-discovery-on-narrative-private-data/
The Art of the Pitch: WordPress Relationships and SalesLaura Byrne
Clients don’t know what they don’t know. What web solutions are right for them? How does WordPress come into the picture? How do you make sure you understand scope and timeline? What do you do if sometime changes?
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Length: 30 minutes
Session Overview
-------------------------------------------
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De-mystifying Zero to One: Design Informed Techniques for Greenfield Innovati...
A010110106
1. IOSR Journal of Electrical and Electronics Engineering (IOSR-JEEE)
e-ISSN: 2278-1676,p-ISSN: 2320-3331, Volume 10, Issue 1 Ver. I (Jan – Feb. 2015), PP 01-06
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10110106 www.iosrjournals.org 1 | Page
Electricity through Train
Paidimukkula Bhanu Chaitanya1
, Gedda Gowtham2
1
Electrical and Electronics Department, Gitam University, India.
2
Electrical and Electronics Department, Gitam University, India.
Abstract: This paper aims at production of electricity by using the concept of the rotation of wind turbine due
to the wind caused by the moving train and also by using an electrical power generation system. As anyone
living near railway tracks will tell you, speeding trains generate quite a bit of wind as they whoosh past. The
idea is to design a wind turbine that can be installed between the sleepers on a track, and as the train passes
overhead, the wind drives a turbine to generate electricity. This device could be placed along railway or subway
lines, and make good use of an otherwise wasted resource. An electrical power generation system comprises a
variable capacitor and a power source. The power source is used in the form of a generator to prime the
variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the priming energy of the power source by extracting energy from
the passing vehicle. By alternately priming the variable capacitor using charge from the power source and
discharging it at a later time in a cyclic manner to change the capacitance, a significantly large amount of
electrical energy is produced due to change in capacitance.
Keywords: variable capacitor, turbine, railways, generation, wind.
I. Introduction
In the future, civilization will be forced to research and develop alternative energy sources. Our current
rate of fossil fuel usage will lead to an energy crisis this century. In order to survive the energy crisis many
companies in the energy industry are inventing new ways to extract energy from renewable sources. While the
rate of development is slow, mainstream awareness and government pressures are growing.
These challenges can be overcome by using renewable energy which are available to us every day. By
utilising these huge amount of resources effectively we can overcome the deficiency of power.
1.1. Objective
The main objective is to build a power generation system such that it can contribute to the present
power generation system as the need of energy is growing day by day. The generated power is eco friendly as
well as inexhaustible means the power can be generated as long as the railways are in function.
This can be achieved by utilising the energy resources along the railway tracks i.e., by utilising the
mechanical energy supplied by both wind gusts from train as well as mechanical energy supplied by the train
when it is in motion.
The proposed technique relates generally to generating electricity and, more particularly, to a method
and a system for generating electricity along a railroad track. Many known railroad systems employ a variety of
wayside equipment alongside the railroad tracks. Within a network, railroad tracks often span rural and
unpopulated areas, and as such, providing power to wayside equipment in remote locations may be a
challenging and costly task. At least some known railroad systems run power lines into remote areas to power
wayside equipment. However, depending on the location, such power systems may be expensive to install and to
maintain.
Unfortunately, traditional automated devices generally obtain operating power from an external power
source, which is not generally available in remote areas. That is, the automated device receives operating power
that is generated at a remote location and that is delivered over a power grid, and coupling the grid to the device
can be a costly proposition, especially in remote areas. In certain instance, local power sources, such as
batteries, have been employed. In any event, even if a local or external power source is provided, these power
sources may not provide a cost effective mechanism for producing sufficient levels of power for operation of the
automated testing devices. Therefore, there is need for a system and method for improving electric power
generation with respect to rail systems.
II. Generation System
A number of researches to overcome energy crisis against the exhaustion of fossil fuel, environmental
pollution and global warming have been performed. Typically, a number of studies on renewable energy, such
as wind, photovoltaic generation, etc., are actively in progress. These types of generation have advantages that
they do not use fossil fuel as an energy source and emit greenhouse gas [1-4]. The other types of these
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DOI: 10.9790/1676-10110106 www.iosrjournals.org 2 | Page
researches against energy crisis are to reduce energy consumption or loss which deals mainly with how to
improve energy efficiency.
As a means of efficiency improvement, various types of energy storage devices are being spotlighted
and their application studies are making progress over the wide range of power systems [5,6]. Over the whole
power system, researches about energy storage and its application scheme to retrench energy consumption and
to enhance system efficiency are under progress. The electric railway system has a peculiar characteristic that
the railway vehicles need huge electric power on acceleration and supply regenerative power on braking.[9]
Many known railroad systems employ a variety of wayside equipment alongside the railroad tracks.
Within a network, railroad tracks often span rural and unpopulated areas, and as such, providing power to
wayside equipment in remote locations may be a challenging and costly task. At least some known railroad
systems run power lines into remote areas to power wayside equipment. However, depending on the location,
such power systems may be expensive to install and to maintain.
The electrical power generation system can be configured to generate electric power via movements of
the rail. The technique provides an electric power co-generation system for use with a railroad network. The
system includes a power source, such as a power generation device or an external power source. The power co-
generation system includes first and second electrical capacitance portions that are electrically coupled to the
power source and that are configured to carry positive and negative charges, respectively. The power co-
generation system further includes a biasing device that is configured to separate the first and second
capacitance portions with respect to one another. Thus, by varying the distance between the capacitance portions
in response to a vehicle on the rail, the capacitance portions cooperate to act as a variable capacitor that
facilitates the co-generation of power with respect to the system. That is to say, the mechanical energy of the
biasing device is converted into electrical energy for the system.[7].
Nowadays, the energy-saving technology for urban rail transportation is mainly focused on how to
carry out the regeneration braking energy recycling. A variety of methods have been proposed, such as the use
of inverter technology and the use of various energy storage devices (batteries, super-capacitors[10-13], fly-
wheel[8], hydraulic devices and so on). Considering the suburban application conditions (starts and braking
have duration of several seconds and require high electrical power), super-capacitors are more suitable devices
for the application on rail vehicles.
As anyone living near railway tracks will tell you, speeding trains generate quite a bit of wind as they
whoosh past. Industrial designers Qian Jiang and Alessandro Leonetti Luparini have come up with a device
that's installed between the sleepers on a track, and as the train passes overhead, the wind drives a turbine to
generate electricity. The wind Turbine devices could be placed along railway or subway lines, and make good
use of an otherwise wasted resource. Energy resources in our modern fast paced techno-world is fast depleting.
Hence a renewable energy source is much required at the moment. Thus researching new and innovative
systems in renewable energy sector is an indispensable prerequisite.
This power generation system utilizes The kinetic energy[16] thus created by the wind flow induced by
the train can be effectively utilized to generate power on a larger scale [15] [17] and also the mechanical energy
exerted during the train movement which is utilized by the variable capacitor to generate electrical energy[7]
III. Wind Turbine
When you think of wind power, you think of giant turbines harnessing big breezes. We have designed a
device that can capture the wind created by trains as they whoosh down the track. This wind turbine
generator device is installed between railroad ties and buried half-underground so as to not interfere with normal
train operation. As the train passes overhead, the whooshing wind spins a turbine inside the T-Box to generate
electricity.
This wind turbine generator is a power generator that harnesses wind-energy when a train moves across
the tracks. The box kind of merges with the sleepers on the tracks and houses all the components necessary to
harness, store and supply converted power. What makes this project really cool is that it doesn’t rely on nature
to be a source, instead it optimizes a human activity
A train travelling approximately 125 mph would produce a wind speed equivalent to almost 50
feet/second. These wind turbine generators would capture this wind, it's turbines producing about 3,500 Watts of
power. If the train was about 656 feet long, travelling around 187 mph and passing over that 1 km (.062 miles)
stretch, this wind turbine generator could produce about 2.6 kilowatts of power.
The device could potentially provide electricity to remote and underserved areas or to facilities along
the railway.
These turbines are installed in the railway tracks as shown in the figure whenever a train passes through
these railway tracks they bring huge amount wind power. As they are installed in the track these winds make the
turbine rotate and produces electrical
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DOI: 10.9790/1676-10110106 www.iosrjournals.org 3 | Page
IV. Capacitor
A variable capacitor is a capacitor whose capacitance may be intentionally and repeatedly changed
mechanically or electronically. Variable capacitors are often used in L/C circuits to set the resonance frequency,
e.g. to tune a radio.
4.1. Concept
Power generation is achieved in this device by pulling apart the base plate and the movable plate and
then extracting energy stored in the electric field. During the input phase, the mass is forced against the contact
studs(power supply) on the base plate, connecting it to a charging circuit, which brings it to a starting potential.
In response to motion of the frame, which is attached to the host, the mass is accelerated sufficiently in the
opposite direction and moved to the top plate where it will be stopped by the contact studs on the top plate. The
energy stored in the capacitor is then extracted by an output circuit.
How this system works with rails?
An electrical power generation system comprises a variable capacitor and a power source. The
electrical power generation system is configured to generate electric power via movements of the rail. The
power source is used in the form of a generator to prime the variable capacitor that effectively multiplies the
priming energy of the power source by extracting energy from the passing vehicle. By alternately priming the
variable capacitor using charge from the power source and discharging it at a later time in a cyclic manner to
change the capacitance, a significantly large amount of electrical energy is produced due to change in
capacitance than from the power source itself.
The system includes a power source, such as a power generation device or an external power source.
The power train power generation system includes first and second electrical capacitance portions that are
electrically coupled to the power source and that are configured to carry positive and negative charges,
respectively. This system further includes a biasing device that is configured to separate the first and second
capacitance portions with respect to one another. Thus, by varying the distance between the capacitance portions
in response to a vehicle on the rail, the capacitance portions cooperate to act as a variable capacitor that
facilitates the co-generation of power with respect to the system. That is to say, the mechanical energy of the
biasing device is converted into electrical energy for the system.
Block Diagram
The technique provides an electric power co-generation system for use with a railroad network. The
system includes a power source, such as a power generation device or an external power source. The power co-
generation system includes first and second electrical capacitance portions that are electrically coupled to the
power source and that are configured to carry positive and negative charges, respectively. The power co-
generation system further includes a biasing device that is configured to separate the first and second
capacitance portions with respect to one another. Thus, by varying the distance between the capacitance portions
in response to a vehicle on the rail, the capacitance portions cooperate to act as a variable capacitor that
facilitates the co-generation of power with respect to the system. That is to say, the mechanical energy of the
biasing device is converted into electrical energy for the system.
In accordance with above technique, a method of co-generating power via a vehicle travelling on a rail
is provided. The method includes the act of driving first and second capacitor plates with respect to one another
in response to the vehicle that is travelling on the rail. The method also includes the act of charging the first and
4. Electricity through train
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10110106 www.iosrjournals.org 4 | Page
second capacitor plates via a power source, such as a power generation device or an external power source. The
method further includes biasing the first and second plates apart from one another, thereby displacing the plates
with respect to one another. This displacement changes the electrical capacitance between the first and second
plates and, resultantly, increases the electric potential between the first and second plates. In turn, this
displacement of the first and second plates facilitates the co-generation of electrical energy from the kinetic and
potential energy of the vehicle on the rail.
4.2. Variable Capacitor
The power co-generation device includes a variable capacitor. The variable capacitor has two
capacitance portions, such as conductive plates that are each coated with a thin film of dielectric material. The
two electrically conductive plates are held mutually apart in an open position via a biasing member, such as a
compression spring. The plates are electrically coupled to the power source, such as the illustrated power
generation device, and each plate carries opposite charges with respect to one another. The variable capacitor
facilitates changes in the distance between the two plates causing electrical power generation from this changing
distance.
To facilitate electrical isolation of the two capacitance plates a dielectric film is provided on one plate
or on both of the plates. The dielectric film acts as an insulator between the conductive plates and impedes the
flow of current between the capacitor plates. In one exemplary embodiment, the dielectric film includes
polyimide material, such as a kapton having functionally linked polymers. The dielectric film includes
aluminum oxide having polar metal oxide bonds possessing large permanent dipole moment. The dielectric film
may include polymers, ceramics, or the like
4.3. Power Source
The power source is coupled to the conductive plate. The power source may be located locally within
the power tie or external to the power tie. The power source is coupled to the conductive plate via the power
conditioning circuitry and a power isolation device. The power isolation device is a switch or a diode
4.4. Operation
When DC voltage is applied across the two plates of the variable capacitor, a concentrated field flux is
created between the plates and electrons are liberated from the positive conducting plate and deposited on the
negative conducting plate. Thus, one of the plates develops a positive charge, while the other plate develops a
negative charge. The greater the difference of electrons on opposing plates of a capacitor, more flux is generated
and the capacitor is able to store more electrical energy. Specifically, the voltage across the capacitor (i.e.
between the plates) is increased. The capacitance of the capacitor is dependent on the area of the plates, distance
between the plates, and ability of dielectric material to support electrostatic forces, as discussed further below.
Because, each plate stores equal but mutually opposite charge, the total charge in the capacitor is zero. In the
illustrated embodiment, an analog signal line between the co-generation device and the sensing device carries an
analog signal indicative of the load on the rails. The operation of the variable capacitor is discussed in two levels
as discussed below:
4.4.1. Open position
Fig4.4.1. Open Position
The above figure illustrates variable capacitor in an open position. The plates are biased apart and held
in this open position by a biasing member, such as a compression spring. The plates are separated by a larger
gap "d" in the open position, and the open position corresponds to a situation when there is no vehicle above the
5. Electricity through train
DOI: 10.9790/1676-10110106 www.iosrjournals.org 5 | Page
rails. The capacitance of the capacitor is directly proportional to the electrostatic force field between the plates,
and the capacitance of the capacitor is calculated in accordance with the following relationship:
Where C is the capacitance in farads, ε is the permittivity of the dielectric, A is the area of the plate in
square meters, and "d" is the distance between the plates in meters. From the above mentioned relationship, it
can be seen that the capacitance of the capacitor is reduced in the open position, because the capacitance is
inversely proportional to the distance or gap "d" between the capacitor plates.
4.4.2. Closed position
The BELOW figure illustrates variable capacitor held in a closed position. When a vehicle is above the
rails, the plates are biased towards each other, thus reducing the gap "d". This reduction in the gap "d" changes
the distance between the plates and also changes the capacitance characteristics of the variable capacitor. From
the above mentioned relationship, it can be seen that the capacitance of the capacitor in the closed position is
increased due to the
Fig4.4.2. Closed Position
reduced gap "d" between the capacitor plates. Indeed, in the closed position, the value of "d" is effectively the
thickness of the dielectric film, and this thickness is significantly smaller than the value of "d" in the open
position. Thus, decreasing the capacitance of the capacitor
4.4.3. Analysis
(i) The capacitance of the capacitor is calculated in accordance with the relationship:
(1)
(ii)Voltage across the plates in open position is calculated as:
(2)
Where Cc is the capacitance in the closed position in farads, Co is the capacitance in open position in
farads, Vc is the voltage across the plates in closed position, and Vo is the voltage across the plates in the open
position.
Consider, let dielectric permittivity k=2.5, ε0=8.55 picofarads/m, ε=kε0=2.2×10
-11
farads/m, A=0.1 m2
, t=1
micron (10-6
m) is the thickness of the dielectric layer, d=1 mm (10-3
m) is the space between the plates.
Thus, when the exemplary variable capacitor is in the closed position, the capacitor has a capacitance
value of 2.2 microfarads, and the distance between the plates is defined by the thickness of the dielectric
material. When the distance between the plates is increased, the capacitance of the variable capacitor is changed
to:
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DOI: 10.9790/1676-10110106 www.iosrjournals.org 6 | Page
Where d>>t. In this system, the electrical potential across the plates is inversely proportional to the
capacitance of the device and is:
where Vo is the voltage or electric potential across the plates when the plates are in the open position
and Vc is the electric potential across the plates when the plates are in the closed position.
V. Conclusion
Increasing the electrical potential of the variable capacitor also increases the electrical energy of the
system, as the mechanical energy of separating the plates is converted into electrical energy. Thus, in the above
example, the electrical energy of the capacitor is increased by 2400 times. The power generation device
effectively primes the variable capacitor, and the energy of this priming is multiplied by varying the distance
between the capacitor plates. By alternately priming the variable capacitor using power from the power source
and discharging it at a later time in a cyclic manner to change the capacitance, a significantly large amount of
electrical energy is produced due to change in capacitance in comparison to the electrical energy and power
from the power source itself. A number of such systems are connected together for greater energy delivery.
Advantageously, communication between the power ties facilitates sharing of resources and also
facilitates the development of certain data types, such as block occupancy detection, distance to train, detection
of broken rail, or the like
Additionally, by monitoring various properties of the variable capacitor, certain properties regarding
the vehicle passing on the rail can be determined. For example, determining the time, the capacitor is in the
closed position or the open position provides an indication of the speed of the vehicle.
Thus the property of variable capacitance and also utilizing the winds during the movement of train is
used to trap energy (kinetic and potential) of the vehicle movement in the rail. By alternately priming the
variable capacitor using the charge from the power source and discharging it at a later time in a cyclic manner to
change the capacitance, a significantly large amount of electrical energy is produced due to change in
capacitance. Though the theory appears to be neat and clean, the system is only proposed and is yet to be
designed experimentally
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