This document describes a footstep power generation system that converts the kinetic energy from human footsteps into usable electricity. The system uses an array of piezoelectric sensors that generate voltage when pressure is applied. The voltage is stored in a lead-acid battery and can be used to power small DC loads. A microcontroller and LCD display are used to indicate the voltage level being stored in the battery. The system was designed and implemented to harvest wasted energy from human locomotion and demonstrate piezoelectric energy harvesting.

1. FOOT STEP POWER GENERATION
SYSTEM FOR URBAN ENERGY
APPLICATION TO RUN AC AND DC
LOADS
Under the guidance of
Mr. DINESH SHETTY B.E, M Tech
Asst professor E&C Dept.
By,
Akshay Kumar N
Ranith Ramachandran
Ajith K S

2. AIM:
•Design and implementation of energy harvesting
system by converting energy due to human
locomotion to usable form
•Done with the help of piezo electric sensor
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 2
Fig1:footstep Fig2:Street light operation

3. INTRODUCTION
•Man has
needed and
used energyECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

4. (Contd.)
•But as the population increased the energy requirement
also increased
•He searched for new method but all was need to be
obsolete in front of growing population and technology
•At the same time was energy was wasted in many ways
and reconstructing this energy back to usable form was the
question
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 4

5. PROBLEM FORMULATION & SOLVING
•As technology is developed use of electronics equipment
also increased.
•Conventional methods of power generation becoming
insufficient.
•It introduced a new problem, lack of power.
•There is a need arises for an alternative power generation
method
•At the same time energy is wasted in many form and one
of them is due to the human locomotion
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 5

6. Contd.
•This waste of energy can be converted to usable form using
the help of piezo electric sensor
•Piezoelectric sensor is a device which can convert pressure
upon it into voltage.
•We know that energy can be neither be created and nor be
destroyed but can be transformed from one form to another
•By using this energy conservation theorem and piezo
sensor we are proposing a new method for power
generation.
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 6

7. LITERATURE REVIEW:
1.Mechatronics (ICOM), 2011 4th International
Conference by Fakhzan, M.N.,Muthalif, A.G.A.
A beam with piezoceramic patches have been used as a
method to harvest energy.
A unimorph piezoelectric cantilever beam generates electric
current or voltage from the piezoelectric strain effect.
2.International Journal of Scientific & Engineering
Research by Anil Kumar
Ability of piezoelectric material to couple mechanical and
electrical properties.
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

8. When a piezoelectric is strained it produces an electric
field.
Piezoelectric materials have long been used as sensors and
actuators.
3. Generation of Electrical Power through Foot steps
K.Ramakrishna, Guruswamy Revana and Venu
Madhav Gopaka International Journal of
Multidisciplinary and Current Research 20 Sept
2014, Vol.2
Diaphragm movement in certain material will cause
generation of electric charge
Pressure polarizes some crystals, such as quartz.
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 8
Contd.

9. When a piezoelectric is strained it produces an electric
field.
Piezoelectric materials have long been used as sensors and
actuators.
3. Generation of Electrical Power through Foot steps
K.Ramakrishna, Guruswamy Revana and Venu
Madhav Gopaka International Journal of
Multidisciplinary and Current Research 20 Sept
2014, Vol.2
Diaphragm movement in certain material will cause
generation of electric charge
Pressure polarizes some crystals, such as quartz.
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 9
Contd.

10. METHODOLOGY
The working of footstep power generation system involves
three distinct phases.
 Sensor interface and Transducing:
 Consists array of piezoelectric sensors
Kinetic energy is converted into electrical energy
Processing:
Here the generated degraded vibrating voltage will be fed to
different blocks of circuit element to get a proper output
 Storage:
Resultant output will be stored in a battery
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

11. FUNCTIONAL PARTITIONING
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 11Fig3:Block diagram

12. WORKING
 When ever pressure is applied on piezoelectric sensor
that pressure is converted into Electrical energy
 That minute voltage which is stored in the Lead Acid
battery.
 That voltage is used to drive DC loads.
 Here we are using PIC16F778 to display the amount of
battery get charged.
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System 12

13. CIRCUIT DIAGRAM
13
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

14. SENSOR INTERFACE CIRCUIT
14
PIEZO SENSER
PROTECTION SHEET
C1
100 pF
R1
100 k
D1
DIODE
BAT1
9 V
To adc1
vdd
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
Fig5: sensor interface circuit

15. PIEZO ELECTRIC SENSOR
•It is a device converts applied pressure into voltage by
detecting the mechanical vibration
• Here an array of 10 piezoelectric sensors are used for
generation of power
•The array will produce maximum 9v with 100mA
current
•lead zirconate titanate (PZT) and multilayer
polyvinylidene fluo- ride (PVDF) are the 2 types of
sensor in market
•The voltage from the sensor array is fed to a filter
15
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

16. FILTERING OPERATION
•Generally a capacitor is used as filter to remove the AC
content in the sensor output and to get pure DC
•A capacitor is a storage device will store voltage for a
minute time with charging and discharging phenomenon
•It will acts as short circuit for AC and acts as open
circuit for DC
•The filter output is fed to unidirectional current
controller
16
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

17. UNIDIRECTIONAL CURRENT
CONTROLLER
•General examples for unidirectional current controllers
are Diodes and Thyristors.
•They will make the current flow in one direction by
conducting to only one side
•Here it is used to prevent the flow of current back to
piezoelectric sensor
•This voltage is then fed to the Battery for storing and
Voltage divider circuit to provide reference voltage to
LCD
17ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

18. LEAD ACID BATTERY
•A Battery is an array of electrochemical cell for
electricity storage
•Here we are using a Lead acid battery to store the
voltage generated by the sensor circuit
•Here three 4v batteries are connected in series so that
it can hold 12v.
18ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

19. VOLTAGE DIVIDER CIRCUIT
 Voltage divider is a passive linear circuit that
produces an o/p voltage that is fraction of an I /p
voltage.
 Here we can’t apply 12v directly to the
microcontroller so that it divide by using voltage
divider circuit.
19
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

20. DISPLAY INTERFACE
20
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation SystemFig5:display interface

21. PIC16F877 MICROCONTROLLER
•Microcontroller is chip is burned with firmware to
achieve a specific task
•Here PIC16F877 is used for displaying purpose
•Some of it’s pins functions are,
ADC0,ADC1 are used to display the voltage
16MHz crystal is used to generate oscillating
frequency
RS pin is used to select the register
Enable pin is used to enable the write operation
RC0-RC7 pins are used as parallel ports
Pin VEE is used to adjust the contrast of display 21
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

22. LIQUID CRYSTAL DISPLAY
•Here a 16*2 Display is used to display the voltage
status of power generation circuit
•It is also provided with a contrast adjusting pin
22ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System
Fig6: 16x2 LCD

23. 23
start
Initialize LCD and ADC
Display welcome message
If charging
Display battery charge full
Display charging
if sw==1
Display on chargeDisplay mobile charger OFF
ADC Read
Display voltage
FLOWCHART OF DISPLAY CODE
NO YES
NO YES
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

24. RESULT
 A power harvesting system is designed and
implemented using piezo sensor and voltage is harvested
from the pressure applied
Also the voltage status displayed using LCD
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT fig8: result on display Footstep Power Generation System 24

25. ADVANTAGES
•Echo friendly
•Reduction in waste of energy
•Less maintenance cost
•Ultra low noise
•Wide dynamic range
•Wide temperature range
•An alternate way for power generation
25ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

26. LIMITATIONS
•Sensor array will produce minute power at a
time
•Unavailability of sensors in market
•Since physically week they need protective
sheets
26ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

27. APPLICATIONS
The generated power can be used for mobile charging,
street lightning and other applications
It can be used in emergency power failure situations.
Application areas mainly involves Metros,
street,temples,railway station and other crowded areas
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT fig 9:applications Footstep Power Generation System 27

28. FUTURE SCOPE
28
FUTURE SCOPE
ECE Dept., Dr.MVSIT Footstep Power Generation System

29. REFERENCE
[1] Vibration Based Energy Harvesting Using Piezoelectric Material, M.N.
Fakhzan, Asan G.A. Muthalif, Department of Mechatronics Engineering,
International Islamic University Malaysia, IIUM,Kuala Lumpur, Malaysia
[2]Handley, Kevin. “Energy Harvester: Converts Low-Level Vibrations into
Usable Energy.” Ferro Solutions Corp.
[3]Shenck, Nathan S. and Joseph A. Paradiso. Energy Scavenging with Shoe-
Mounted Piezoelectrics. MIT Media Laboratory, Responsive Environments
Group.
[4]Electrical Power Generation Using Piezoelectric Crystal Anil Kumar
International Journal of Scientific & Engineering Research Volume 2, Issue 5,
May-2011
[5] Generation of Electrical Power through Foot steps
K.Ramakrishna, Guruswamy Revana and Venu Madhav Gopaka International
Journal of Multidisciplinary and Current Research 20 Sept 2014, Vol.2

30. 30