This document presents a study on the seismic response of reinforced concrete framed buildings with and without infill walls. It analyzes two buildings, one with 5 stories and one with 9 stories, using different modeling techniques in SAP2000 software. The buildings are modeled as bare frames without infills, with single diagonal struts, double struts, and triple struts to represent the infill walls. Results for parameters like total weight, period, base shear, and modal participation are compared between the different models to understand the effect of including infill walls in the analysis. The goal is to evaluate how masonry infill walls contribute to the seismic resistance of reinforced concrete buildings.
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Steel Moment Resisting Frame due to Infil...IDES Editor
Steel moment resisting frame with open first storey
(soft storey) is known to perform well compared with the RC
frames during strong earthquake shaking. The presence of
masonry infill wall influences the overall behavior of the
structure when subjected to lateral forces, when masonry infill
are considered to interact with their surrounding frames the
lateral stiffness and lateral load carrying capacity of structure
largely increase. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of
building with soft storey is shown with an example of G+10
three dimensional (3D) steel frame. The open first storey is
an important functional requirement of almost all the urban
multi-storey buildings, and hence, cannot be eliminated.
Hence some special measures need to be adopted for this
specific situation. The under-lying principle of any solution
to this problem is in increasing the stiffness’s of the first
storey such that the first storey stiffness is at least 50% as
stiff as the second storey, i.e., soft first storeys are to be avoided,
and providing adequate lateral strength in the first storey. In
this paper, stiffness balancing is proposed between the first
and second storey of a steel moment resisting frame building
with open first storey and brick infills as described in models.
A simple example building is analyzed by modeling it with
nine different methods. The stiffness effect on the first storey
is demonstrated through the lateral displacement profile of
the building.
Analysis of rc frame with and without masonry infill wall with different stif...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Static Analysis of Masonry Infilled R.C.Frame With &Without Opening Including...IOSR Journals
Masonry infill is considered as a non-structural element in all type of buildings where masonry use.
But, masonry infill walls are mainly used to increase initial stiffness and strength of reinforced concrete (RC)
frame buildings. This Open First storey is also termed as “Soft Storey”. The upper storeys have brick infilled
wall panels with various opening percentage in it. In many cities of India, it is very common to leave the first
storey of masonry infilled reinforcement concrete (RC) frame building open preliminary to generate parking
space or any other usage in the first storey. Such buildings are highly undesirable in seismically active areas. In
the present study, it is an attempt to access the performance of masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames
with soft storey of with and without opening. In this paper, symmetrical frame of college building (G+5) located
in seismic zone-III is considered by modelling of initial frame. According to FEMA-273, & ATC-40 which
contain the provisions of calculation of stiffness of infilled frames by modelling infill as“Equivalent Diagonal
Strut Method”. Therefore, the infill panels are modelled as equivalent diagonal strut method. The error
involved in modelling such buildings as neglecting the presence of infills in the upper storeys, is brought out
through the study of an example building with different analytical models. This linear static analysis is to be
carried out on the models such as Strut frame with 15%, 20%, & 25% centre &corner opening, which is
performed by using computer software STAAD-Pro from which different parameters are computed. In which it
shows that how infill panels increase the stiffness of the structure. While the increase in the opening percentage
leads to a decrease on the lateral stiffness of infilled frame. This paper highlights the importance of the presence
of the open first storey in the analysis of the building
MODELLING OF AN INFILL WALL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF A BUILDING FRAME SUBJECTED TO...IAEME Publication
In general the analysis of a building frame is carried out with a bare frame but the presence of masonry infill in a framed structure results in high stiffness and influence the distribution of lateral load and also the response of the framed buildings. It can be noted that there is a large variation of mechanical properties of bricks. Masonry, a combination of brick and mortar, behaves in a highly nonlinear manner. The infill panel needs to be modelled in the analysis of a structural frame subjected to lateral load to obtain its true behaviour. In order to model the masonry infill, its properties required. In order to determine the properties of brick masonry compression tests were conducted on masonry infill panels and prisms.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Seismic Vulnerability Assessment of Steel Moment Resisting Frame due to Infil...IDES Editor
Steel moment resisting frame with open first storey
(soft storey) is known to perform well compared with the RC
frames during strong earthquake shaking. The presence of
masonry infill wall influences the overall behavior of the
structure when subjected to lateral forces, when masonry infill
are considered to interact with their surrounding frames the
lateral stiffness and lateral load carrying capacity of structure
largely increase. In this paper, the seismic vulnerability of
building with soft storey is shown with an example of G+10
three dimensional (3D) steel frame. The open first storey is
an important functional requirement of almost all the urban
multi-storey buildings, and hence, cannot be eliminated.
Hence some special measures need to be adopted for this
specific situation. The under-lying principle of any solution
to this problem is in increasing the stiffness’s of the first
storey such that the first storey stiffness is at least 50% as
stiff as the second storey, i.e., soft first storeys are to be avoided,
and providing adequate lateral strength in the first storey. In
this paper, stiffness balancing is proposed between the first
and second storey of a steel moment resisting frame building
with open first storey and brick infills as described in models.
A simple example building is analyzed by modeling it with
nine different methods. The stiffness effect on the first storey
is demonstrated through the lateral displacement profile of
the building.
Analysis of rc frame with and without masonry infill wall with different stif...eSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Static Analysis of Masonry Infilled R.C.Frame With &Without Opening Including...IOSR Journals
Masonry infill is considered as a non-structural element in all type of buildings where masonry use.
But, masonry infill walls are mainly used to increase initial stiffness and strength of reinforced concrete (RC)
frame buildings. This Open First storey is also termed as “Soft Storey”. The upper storeys have brick infilled
wall panels with various opening percentage in it. In many cities of India, it is very common to leave the first
storey of masonry infilled reinforcement concrete (RC) frame building open preliminary to generate parking
space or any other usage in the first storey. Such buildings are highly undesirable in seismically active areas. In
the present study, it is an attempt to access the performance of masonry infilled reinforced concrete (RC) frames
with soft storey of with and without opening. In this paper, symmetrical frame of college building (G+5) located
in seismic zone-III is considered by modelling of initial frame. According to FEMA-273, & ATC-40 which
contain the provisions of calculation of stiffness of infilled frames by modelling infill as“Equivalent Diagonal
Strut Method”. Therefore, the infill panels are modelled as equivalent diagonal strut method. The error
involved in modelling such buildings as neglecting the presence of infills in the upper storeys, is brought out
through the study of an example building with different analytical models. This linear static analysis is to be
carried out on the models such as Strut frame with 15%, 20%, & 25% centre &corner opening, which is
performed by using computer software STAAD-Pro from which different parameters are computed. In which it
shows that how infill panels increase the stiffness of the structure. While the increase in the opening percentage
leads to a decrease on the lateral stiffness of infilled frame. This paper highlights the importance of the presence
of the open first storey in the analysis of the building
MODELLING OF AN INFILL WALL FOR THE ANALYSIS OF A BUILDING FRAME SUBJECTED TO...IAEME Publication
In general the analysis of a building frame is carried out with a bare frame but the presence of masonry infill in a framed structure results in high stiffness and influence the distribution of lateral load and also the response of the framed buildings. It can be noted that there is a large variation of mechanical properties of bricks. Masonry, a combination of brick and mortar, behaves in a highly nonlinear manner. The infill panel needs to be modelled in the analysis of a structural frame subjected to lateral load to obtain its true behaviour. In order to model the masonry infill, its properties required. In order to determine the properties of brick masonry compression tests were conducted on masonry infill panels and prisms.
IJERA (International journal of Engineering Research and Applications) is International online, ... peer reviewed journal. For more detail or submit your article, please visit www.ijera.com
Out of Plane Behavior of Contained Masonry Infilled Frames Subjected to Seism...paperpublications3
Abstract: Brick masonry infill although considered as non-structural element largely affects the strength, stiffness and ductility of the reinforced concrete frames during the application of lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. Contained masonry refers here to the brick masonry which is used as infill in a reinforced concrete frame, wound round with 8mm diameter mild steel wires in vertical and horizontal directions and stitched to the brick masonry as well as to the reinforced concrete frames. This thesis focuses on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete structures with contained masonry infill, with a particular interest in the development of rational procedures for the analysis and design of RC frames with contained masonry infill. The estimation of the natural frequencies of the structural system is the basic investigation in dynamic analysis of a structure. Therefore the analysis is primarily to find out the modal frequencies of the structure and to simulate the mathematical model to earthquake loads. The structure vibrates in different modes when the earthquake takes place. The methodology suggested is to carry out a detailed study on the influence of contained masonry infill including un-reinforced masonry infill in multi-storey Reinforced Concrete frames on the fundamental natural frequencies and response due to various earthquake excitation forces. Numerical Finite element analysis is carried out on two dimensional Reinforced Concrete Frames under different configurations of contained masonry infill in addition to plain masonry and bare frames. The RC frames were designed and detailed as per relevant Indian standard codes. The present work consists of study of the behaviour of five storeyed RC frames infilled with contained masonry and also infilled with plain masonry, subjected to various earthquake excitation forces. Three types of models are considered for analysis; five storey frames of 4m wide, 5m wide and 6m wide models having total height of 16m with plain masonry infill and contained masonry infill are considered.
Seismic evaluation of rc frame with brick masonry infill wallseSAT Journals
Abstract
Infill panels are widely used as partition walls as well as external walls of the building to fill the gap between RC frames. Non-structural member may provide considerable stiffness to the building and hence may improve the performance of the RC building during ground motions. But In most of the cases, the ignorance of this property of masonry in designing of the RC frame may get an unsafe design. There are two methods are used to determine the effect of ground motion. The effect of ground motion on RC frame building has been carried out by considering with and without the stiffness of infill wall. A comparative study is carried out with RC building using Equivalent Lateral Force method and Response Spectrum method. The masonry infill has been modeled as an equivalent diagonal strut element using Hendry formula. Pushover analysis is carried out on bare frame and frame with infill wall. The model has been generated using STAAD Pro and results obtained from the analysis are compared in terms of strength and stiffness with bare frame.
Keywords: Seismic evaluation, Response Spectrum, masonry infill, diagonal strut.
Stiffness degradation behavior of retrofitted rc infilled frame under cyclic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present study was to evaluate the load carrying capacity of retrofitted 3-bay 4-storey brick infill R.C frame using Ferro cement under cyclic loading. Generally bricks will not be considered as a structural element, but by an effective strengthening technique infill walls and RC frame elements can be kept together and forcing them to work as a whole until the end of the ground motion. The effectiveness of the retrofitted frame under cyclic load was investigated in terms of displacement, stiffness and load carrying capacity. Keywords: Retrofit, Ferro cement, R.C frame, brick infill, cyclic loading, stiffness degradation
Instrumentation for finding seismic capacity of perforated infill wallEditorIJAERD
This research aims to find the effect of perforation on the lateral stability of reinforced concrete frame
structure. Unreinforced brick masonry (URBM) infill construction is very common practice in Pakistan. (URBM) is
experimentally evaluated in this paper that how perforations in frame structures with masonry infill affect the lateral
strength and over all stability, which include; Strength, Stiffness, Ductility and Energy dissipation response factor. A
total of two full scale Reinforced concrete frames with unreinforced brick masonry infill has been constructed. QuasiStatic cyclic testing performed on each infill wall Reinforced concrete frame with unreinforced brick masonry to find its
strength and stiffness. Perforation in infill walls reduced lateral strength and stiffness of frame structures considerably.
Composite Behaviour of Unbraced Multi-Storey Reinforced Concrete Infilled Fra...IJERA Editor
A comparative assessment on analytical outputs of the composite behavior of multi-storey reinforced concrete infilled frames using the macro models of the one-strut configuration and the finite element micro model is presented. The effect of openings in the infill was given particular attention in multi-storey building frames. The analysis demonstrated the simplicity of modified one-strut model, compared to the more complex multi strut and FE models while at the same time yielding highly accurate results. The introduction of the shear stress reduction factor clearly enhanced the efficiency of the one-strut model to reproduce the shear strength, lateral stiffness and seismic demand of infilled frames with openings.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of prism height on strength of reinforced hollow concrete block masonryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of the multistoried buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract The most commonly used structural system in our country for almost all types of building are multi-storey reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills. Therefore it is essential to understand the seismic behaviour of these structures when subjected to lateral forces. Several research works has been done on the masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames in the past decades. Mortar is used as a binder in normal brick construction in order to create continuous structural form and to bind together the individual units in brickwork. In the present study, analysis has been carried out by considering the increase in height of building from five to ten storied by using finite element software ANSYS 14.5. The seismic analysis of multi-storeyed building frames with infill walls and without infill walls are conducted. 3D analysis will give more realistic values of deflection and stresses. Since this type of study is not feasible in terms of analysis time taken, 2D model was adopted for the present study. A three bay two dimensional building frame is considered with the number of stories varying from 5 storied to 10 storied. The loading applied is as per IS 1893 (Part I): 2002. Equivalent diagonal strut method is adopted for modelling infill walls. The results showed that there is considerable decrease in deflection when infills are used in RC frames. Key Words: Deflection , Equivalent diagonal strut method, lateral load, Solid brick infills, Storey drift
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams by Akshay Dhariwal & Prof Sunil Raiyani, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF IN FILLED RC FRAMES WITH OPENINGIAEME Publication
Reinforced concrete frames are usually infilled with masonry walls but, in most designs, both the shear strength capacity of these walls and the contribution of the infill panel openings on the shear strength of the infilled frame, especially in critical cases of seismic loading are generally ignored. This paper reports the results of an experimental study of the influence of central openings in the infill on the sway stiffness of reinforced concrete plane frames. A series of 1:4 scaled structural models with opening ratios from 0 to 50 percent in steps of 10 percent were designed, constructed and tested in the study to obtain the load - displacement profiles.
Out of Plane Behavior of Contained Masonry Infilled Frames Subjected to Seism...paperpublications3
Abstract: Brick masonry infill although considered as non-structural element largely affects the strength, stiffness and ductility of the reinforced concrete frames during the application of lateral loads due to wind or earthquake. Contained masonry refers here to the brick masonry which is used as infill in a reinforced concrete frame, wound round with 8mm diameter mild steel wires in vertical and horizontal directions and stitched to the brick masonry as well as to the reinforced concrete frames. This thesis focuses on the seismic behaviour of reinforced concrete structures with contained masonry infill, with a particular interest in the development of rational procedures for the analysis and design of RC frames with contained masonry infill. The estimation of the natural frequencies of the structural system is the basic investigation in dynamic analysis of a structure. Therefore the analysis is primarily to find out the modal frequencies of the structure and to simulate the mathematical model to earthquake loads. The structure vibrates in different modes when the earthquake takes place. The methodology suggested is to carry out a detailed study on the influence of contained masonry infill including un-reinforced masonry infill in multi-storey Reinforced Concrete frames on the fundamental natural frequencies and response due to various earthquake excitation forces. Numerical Finite element analysis is carried out on two dimensional Reinforced Concrete Frames under different configurations of contained masonry infill in addition to plain masonry and bare frames. The RC frames were designed and detailed as per relevant Indian standard codes. The present work consists of study of the behaviour of five storeyed RC frames infilled with contained masonry and also infilled with plain masonry, subjected to various earthquake excitation forces. Three types of models are considered for analysis; five storey frames of 4m wide, 5m wide and 6m wide models having total height of 16m with plain masonry infill and contained masonry infill are considered.
Seismic evaluation of rc frame with brick masonry infill wallseSAT Journals
Abstract
Infill panels are widely used as partition walls as well as external walls of the building to fill the gap between RC frames. Non-structural member may provide considerable stiffness to the building and hence may improve the performance of the RC building during ground motions. But In most of the cases, the ignorance of this property of masonry in designing of the RC frame may get an unsafe design. There are two methods are used to determine the effect of ground motion. The effect of ground motion on RC frame building has been carried out by considering with and without the stiffness of infill wall. A comparative study is carried out with RC building using Equivalent Lateral Force method and Response Spectrum method. The masonry infill has been modeled as an equivalent diagonal strut element using Hendry formula. Pushover analysis is carried out on bare frame and frame with infill wall. The model has been generated using STAAD Pro and results obtained from the analysis are compared in terms of strength and stiffness with bare frame.
Keywords: Seismic evaluation, Response Spectrum, masonry infill, diagonal strut.
Stiffness degradation behavior of retrofitted rc infilled frame under cyclic ...eSAT Journals
Abstract The present study was to evaluate the load carrying capacity of retrofitted 3-bay 4-storey brick infill R.C frame using Ferro cement under cyclic loading. Generally bricks will not be considered as a structural element, but by an effective strengthening technique infill walls and RC frame elements can be kept together and forcing them to work as a whole until the end of the ground motion. The effectiveness of the retrofitted frame under cyclic load was investigated in terms of displacement, stiffness and load carrying capacity. Keywords: Retrofit, Ferro cement, R.C frame, brick infill, cyclic loading, stiffness degradation
Instrumentation for finding seismic capacity of perforated infill wallEditorIJAERD
This research aims to find the effect of perforation on the lateral stability of reinforced concrete frame
structure. Unreinforced brick masonry (URBM) infill construction is very common practice in Pakistan. (URBM) is
experimentally evaluated in this paper that how perforations in frame structures with masonry infill affect the lateral
strength and over all stability, which include; Strength, Stiffness, Ductility and Energy dissipation response factor. A
total of two full scale Reinforced concrete frames with unreinforced brick masonry infill has been constructed. QuasiStatic cyclic testing performed on each infill wall Reinforced concrete frame with unreinforced brick masonry to find its
strength and stiffness. Perforation in infill walls reduced lateral strength and stiffness of frame structures considerably.
Composite Behaviour of Unbraced Multi-Storey Reinforced Concrete Infilled Fra...IJERA Editor
A comparative assessment on analytical outputs of the composite behavior of multi-storey reinforced concrete infilled frames using the macro models of the one-strut configuration and the finite element micro model is presented. The effect of openings in the infill was given particular attention in multi-storey building frames. The analysis demonstrated the simplicity of modified one-strut model, compared to the more complex multi strut and FE models while at the same time yielding highly accurate results. The introduction of the shear stress reduction factor clearly enhanced the efficiency of the one-strut model to reproduce the shear strength, lateral stiffness and seismic demand of infilled frames with openings.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology
Effect of prism height on strength of reinforced hollow concrete block masonryeSAT Publishing House
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
Effect of infill walls on the seismic performance of the multistoried buildingseSAT Journals
Abstract The most commonly used structural system in our country for almost all types of building are multi-storey reinforced concrete frames with masonry infills. Therefore it is essential to understand the seismic behaviour of these structures when subjected to lateral forces. Several research works has been done on the masonry infilled reinforced concrete frames in the past decades. Mortar is used as a binder in normal brick construction in order to create continuous structural form and to bind together the individual units in brickwork. In the present study, analysis has been carried out by considering the increase in height of building from five to ten storied by using finite element software ANSYS 14.5. The seismic analysis of multi-storeyed building frames with infill walls and without infill walls are conducted. 3D analysis will give more realistic values of deflection and stresses. Since this type of study is not feasible in terms of analysis time taken, 2D model was adopted for the present study. A three bay two dimensional building frame is considered with the number of stories varying from 5 storied to 10 storied. The loading applied is as per IS 1893 (Part I): 2002. Equivalent diagonal strut method is adopted for modelling infill walls. The results showed that there is considerable decrease in deflection when infills are used in RC frames. Key Words: Deflection , Equivalent diagonal strut method, lateral load, Solid brick infills, Storey drift
Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beamsIEI GSC
Presentation on Flexure Behaviour of Ferrocement Strengthened RC beams by Akshay Dhariwal & Prof Sunil Raiyani, Institute of Technology, Nirma University, Ahmedabad at #33NCCE 33rd National Convention of Civil Engineers at #IEIGSC
EXPERIMENTAL MODELING OF IN FILLED RC FRAMES WITH OPENINGIAEME Publication
Reinforced concrete frames are usually infilled with masonry walls but, in most designs, both the shear strength capacity of these walls and the contribution of the infill panel openings on the shear strength of the infilled frame, especially in critical cases of seismic loading are generally ignored. This paper reports the results of an experimental study of the influence of central openings in the infill on the sway stiffness of reinforced concrete plane frames. A series of 1:4 scaled structural models with opening ratios from 0 to 50 percent in steps of 10 percent were designed, constructed and tested in the study to obtain the load - displacement profiles.
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...ijsrd.com
Generally RC framed structures are designed without regards to structural action of masonry infill walls present. Masonry infill walls are widely used as partitions. These buildings are generally designed as framed structures without regard to structural action of masonry infill walls. They are considered as non- structural elements. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. Past earthquakes are evident that collapses due to soft storeys are most often in RC buildings. In the soft storey, columns are severely stressed and unable to provide adequate shear resistance during the earthquake. . In this study, 3D analytical model of twelve storeyed buildings have been generated for different buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool 'ETABS'. To study the effect of infill, ground soft, bare frame and models with ground soft having concrete core wall and shear walls and concrete bracings at different positions during earthquake; seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure.
Lateral Load Analysis of Shear Wall and Concrete Braced Multi-Storeyed R.C Fr...ijsrd.com
Generally RC framed structures are designed without regards to structural action of masonry infill walls present. Masonry infill walls are widely used as partitions. These buildings are generally designed as framed structures without regard to structural action of masonry infill walls. They are considered as non- structural elements. RC frame building with open first storey is known as soft storey, which performs poorly during strong earthquake shaking. Past earthquakes are evident that collapses due to soft storeys are most often in RC buildings. In the soft storey, columns are severely stressed and unable to provide adequate shear resistance during the earthquake. . In this study, 3D analytical model of twelve storeyed buildings have been generated for different buildings Models and analyzed using structural analysis tool 'ETABS'. To study the effect of infill, ground soft, bare frame and models with ground soft having concrete core wall and shear walls and concrete bracings at different positions during earthquake; seismic analysis using both linear static, linear dynamic (response spectrum method) has been performed. The analytical model of the building includes all important components that influence the mass, strength, stiffness and deformability of the structure.
Earthquake Resistant Design of Low-Rise Open Ground Storey Framed BuildingIJMER
Presence of infill walls in the frames alters the behavior of the building under lateral loads.
However, it is common industry practice to ignore the stiffness of infill wall for analysis of framed
building. Engineers believe that analysis without considering infill stiffness leads to a conservative
design. An existing RC framed building (G+3) with open ground storey located in Seismic Zone-V is
considered for this study. This building is analyzed for two different cases: (a) considering both infill
mass and infill stiffness and (b) considering infill mass but without considering infill stiffness. Two
separate models were generated using commercial software SAP2000. Infill weights were modelled
through applying static dead load and corresponding masses considered from this dead load for
dynamic analyses. Infill stiffness was modelled using a diagonal strut approach. Two different support
conditions, namely fixed end support condition and pinned end support condition, are considered to
check the effect of support conditions in the multiplication factors. Linear and non-linear analyses were
carried out for the models and the results were compared.
Behavioural Study of RC Flat Plate Multi-Storey Building Persuaded By Stiffne...IJERA Editor
With a very swift development in urban areas the framed structures which are infilled by brick masonry or
concrete blocks are widely used as partition walls and also exterior walls. Masonry infill walls are common
element in structural system which modifies the conduction of building under the lateral load. These structures
resist the moderate earthquakes and accomplish well in such a prime manner that even if they have no load
bearing function. Evidently, during the time of resolution of such a multi-storey structure, the infilled frame is
considered as bare frame, because IS codes do not provide any guide lines for the analysis and design of RC
frames with infill wall. This paper addresses the numerical study of G+10 RC flat plate framed building with
different cases i.e, soft story at ground level (Basement), with soft story at 5th floor level, without soft storey and
bare frame building by using ETABS as soft computing tool. All these cases are analyzed for equivalent static
method and Response spectrum method. By this, dynamic properties are evaluated and according to the results
obtained conclusions are drawn
Event Management System Vb Net Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
In present era, the scopes of information technology growing with a very fast .We do not see any are untouched from this industry. The scope of information technology has become wider includes: Business and industry. Household Business, Communication, Education, Entertainment, Science, Medicine, Engineering, Distance Learning, Weather Forecasting. Carrier Searching and so on.
My project named “Event Management System” is software that store and maintained all events coordinated in college. It also helpful to print related reports. My project will help to record the events coordinated by faculties with their Name, Event subject, date & details in an efficient & effective ways.
In my system we have to make a system by which a user can record all events coordinated by a particular faculty. In our proposed system some more featured are added which differs it from the existing system such as security.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Courier management system project report.pdfKamal Acharya
It is now-a-days very important for the people to send or receive articles like imported furniture, electronic items, gifts, business goods and the like. People depend vastly on different transport systems which mostly use the manual way of receiving and delivering the articles. There is no way to track the articles till they are received and there is no way to let the customer know what happened in transit, once he booked some articles. In such a situation, we need a system which completely computerizes the cargo activities including time to time tracking of the articles sent. This need is fulfilled by Courier Management System software which is online software for the cargo management people that enables them to receive the goods from a source and send them to a required destination and track their status from time to time.
Automobile Management System Project Report.pdfKamal Acharya
The proposed project is developed to manage the automobile in the automobile dealer company. The main module in this project is login, automobile management, customer management, sales, complaints and reports. The first module is the login. The automobile showroom owner should login to the project for usage. The username and password are verified and if it is correct, next form opens. If the username and password are not correct, it shows the error message.
When a customer search for a automobile, if the automobile is available, they will be taken to a page that shows the details of the automobile including automobile name, automobile ID, quantity, price etc. “Automobile Management System” is useful for maintaining automobiles, customers effectively and hence helps for establishing good relation between customer and automobile organization. It contains various customized modules for effectively maintaining automobiles and stock information accurately and safely.
When the automobile is sold to the customer, stock will be reduced automatically. When a new purchase is made, stock will be increased automatically. While selecting automobiles for sale, the proposed software will automatically check for total number of available stock of that particular item, if the total stock of that particular item is less than 5, software will notify the user to purchase the particular item.
Also when the user tries to sale items which are not in stock, the system will prompt the user that the stock is not enough. Customers of this system can search for a automobile; can purchase a automobile easily by selecting fast. On the other hand the stock of automobiles can be maintained perfectly by the automobile shop manager overcoming the drawbacks of existing system.
Quality defects in TMT Bars, Possible causes and Potential Solutions.PrashantGoswami42
Maintaining high-quality standards in the production of TMT bars is crucial for ensuring structural integrity in construction. Addressing common defects through careful monitoring, standardized processes, and advanced technology can significantly improve the quality of TMT bars. Continuous training and adherence to quality control measures will also play a pivotal role in minimizing these defects.
COLLEGE BUS MANAGEMENT SYSTEM PROJECT REPORT.pdfKamal Acharya
The College Bus Management system is completely developed by Visual Basic .NET Version. The application is connect with most secured database language MS SQL Server. The application is develop by using best combination of front-end and back-end languages. The application is totally design like flat user interface. This flat user interface is more attractive user interface in 2017. The application is gives more important to the system functionality. The application is to manage the student’s details, driver’s details, bus details, bus route details, bus fees details and more. The application has only one unit for admin. The admin can manage the entire application. The admin can login into the application by using username and password of the admin. The application is develop for big and small colleges. It is more user friendly for non-computer person. Even they can easily learn how to manage the application within hours. The application is more secure by the admin. The system will give an effective output for the VB.Net and SQL Server given as input to the system. The compiled java program given as input to the system, after scanning the program will generate different reports. The application generates the report for users. The admin can view and download the report of the data. The application deliver the excel format reports. Because, excel formatted reports is very easy to understand the income and expense of the college bus. This application is mainly develop for windows operating system users. In 2017, 73% of people enterprises are using windows operating system. So the application will easily install for all the windows operating system users. The application-developed size is very low. The application consumes very low space in disk. Therefore, the user can allocate very minimum local disk space for this application.
Industrial Training at Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL)MdTanvirMahtab2
This presentation is about the working procedure of Shahjalal Fertilizer Company Limited (SFCL). A Govt. owned Company of Bangladesh Chemical Industries Corporation under Ministry of Industries.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Forklift Classes Overview by Intella PartsIntella Parts
Discover the different forklift classes and their specific applications. Learn how to choose the right forklift for your needs to ensure safety, efficiency, and compliance in your operations.
For more technical information, visit our website https://intellaparts.com
Immunizing Image Classifiers Against Localized Adversary Attacksgerogepatton
This paper addresses the vulnerability of deep learning models, particularly convolutional neural networks
(CNN)s, to adversarial attacks and presents a proactive training technique designed to counter them. We
introduce a novel volumization algorithm, which transforms 2D images into 3D volumetric representations.
When combined with 3D convolution and deep curriculum learning optimization (CLO), itsignificantly improves
the immunity of models against localized universal attacks by up to 40%. We evaluate our proposed approach
using contemporary CNN architectures and the modified Canadian Institute for Advanced Research (CIFAR-10
and CIFAR-100) and ImageNet Large Scale Visual Recognition Challenge (ILSVRC12) datasets, showcasing
accuracy improvements over previous techniques. The results indicate that the combination of the volumetric
input and curriculum learning holds significant promise for mitigating adversarial attacks without necessitating
adversary training.
Vaccine management system project report documentation..pdfKamal Acharya
The Division of Vaccine and Immunization is facing increasing difficulty monitoring vaccines and other commodities distribution once they have been distributed from the national stores. With the introduction of new vaccines, more challenges have been anticipated with this additions posing serious threat to the already over strained vaccine supply chain system in Kenya.
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Hybrid optimization of pumped hydro system and solar- Engr. Abdul-Azeez.pdffxintegritypublishin
Advancements in technology unveil a myriad of electrical and electronic breakthroughs geared towards efficiently harnessing limited resources to meet human energy demands. The optimization of hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems plays a pivotal role in utilizing natural resources effectively. This initiative not only benefits humanity but also fosters environmental sustainability. The study investigated the design optimization of these hybrid systems, focusing on understanding solar radiation patterns, identifying geographical influences on solar radiation, formulating a mathematical model for system optimization, and determining the optimal configuration of PV panels and pumped hydro storage. Through a comparative analysis approach and eight weeks of data collection, the study addressed key research questions related to solar radiation patterns and optimal system design. The findings highlighted regions with heightened solar radiation levels, showcasing substantial potential for power generation and emphasizing the system's efficiency. Optimizing system design significantly boosted power generation, promoted renewable energy utilization, and enhanced energy storage capacity. The study underscored the benefits of optimizing hybrid solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems for sustainable energy usage. Optimizing the design of solar PV panels and pumped hydro energy supply systems as examined across diverse climatic conditions in a developing country, not only enhances power generation but also improves the integration of renewable energy sources and boosts energy storage capacities, particularly beneficial for less economically prosperous regions. Additionally, the study provides valuable insights for advancing energy research in economically viable areas. Recommendations included conducting site-specific assessments, utilizing advanced modeling tools, implementing regular maintenance protocols, and enhancing communication among system components.
TECHNICAL TRAINING MANUAL GENERAL FAMILIARIZATION COURSEDuvanRamosGarzon1
AIRCRAFT GENERAL
The Single Aisle is the most advanced family aircraft in service today, with fly-by-wire flight controls.
The A318, A319, A320 and A321 are twin-engine subsonic medium range aircraft.
The family offers a choice of engines