This document provides a review of visualization approaches for data mining in heavy spatial databases. It begins with introducing concepts of data mining, data visualization, spatial data warehouses, and spatial data mining. It then discusses the literature on the process of visualization including mapping, selection, presentation, interactivity, usability, and evaluation. Challenges of visualization are also reviewed. Different types of visualization methods and their applications in data mining are described, including information visualization, software visualization, scientific visualization, and spatial data mining.
Different Classification Technique for Data mining in Insurance Industry usin...IOSRjournaljce
this paper addresses the issues and techniques for Property/Casualty actuaries applying data mining methods. Data mining means the effective unknown pattern discovery from a large amount database. It is an interactive knowledge discovery procedure which is includes data acquisition, data integration, data exploration, model building, and model validation. The paper provides an overview of the data discovery method and introduces some important data mining method for application to insurance concluding cluster discovery approaches.
This document discusses data mining and knowledge management. It begins by defining data mining as the process of analyzing large amounts of data to uncover hidden patterns and relationships. This process is useful for businesses that collect large customer databases. The document then discusses how data mining relates to knowledge management by helping to create, transmit, and use knowledge for decision making. It provides examples of common data mining tools like web-based software, business models, and the WEKA data mining software. The document also outlines several common data mining models, including association, classification, clustering, forecasting, regression, sequence discovery, and visualization.
The document provides an overview of data mining in agriculture. It discusses the history and evolution of data science and defines key concepts like data mining, knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), and techniques used in data mining like statistics, machine learning, neural networks, and decision trees. The document also reviews applications of data mining in agriculture like crop yield estimation, influence of climate on crops, and spatial pattern analysis. It summarizes several research papers that apply techniques like K-means, KNN, and artificial neural networks to problems in agriculture.
This document summarizes a survey on data mining. It discusses how data mining helps extract useful business information from large databases and build predictive models. Commonly used data mining techniques are discussed, including artificial neural networks, decision trees, genetic algorithms, and nearest neighbor methods. An ideal data mining architecture is proposed that fully integrates data mining tools with a data warehouse and OLAP server. Examples of profitable data mining applications are provided in industries such as pharmaceuticals, credit cards, transportation, and consumer goods. The document concludes that while data mining is still developing, it has wide applications across domains to leverage knowledge in data warehouses and improve customer relationships.
New approaches of Data Mining for the Internet of things with systems: Litera...IRJET Journal
This document provides a literature review of new approaches to data mining for the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses data mining from three perspectives: data view, method view, and application view. In the data view, it examines data mining functions like classification, clustering, association analysis, time series analysis, and anomaly detection. In the method view, it reviews machine learning, statistical, and deep learning techniques used for data mining. In the application view, it discusses data mining applications in industries like business, healthcare, and government. It also discusses challenges of big data mining for IoT and proposes a framework for large-scale IoT data mining using open source tools.
Applying K-Means Clustering Algorithm to Discover Knowledge from Insurance Da...theijes
Data mining works to extract information known in advance from the enormous quantities of data which can lead to knowledge. It provides information that helps to make good decisions. The effectiveness of data mining in access to knowledge to achieve the goal of which is the discovery of the hidden facts contained in databases and through the use of multiple technologies. Clustering is organizing data into clusters or groups such that they have high intra-cluster similarity and low inter cluster similarity. This paper deals with K-means clustering algorithm which collect a number of data based on the characteristics and attributes of this data, and process the Clustering by reducing the distances between the data center. This algorithm is applied using open source tool called WEKA, with the Insurance dataset as its input
6 ijaems sept-2015-6-a review of data security primitives in data miningINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document summarizes a review of 30 research papers on data security primitives in data mining. The review identified 9 key issues: spatial data handling, gaps between hidden patterns and business tools, decision making in heterogeneous databases, resource mining, visually interactive data mining, data cluster mining, load balancing and data fittability, privacy preservation, and mining complex patterns. For each issue, the document discusses solution approaches from the papers and identifies the best and worst approaches. Common findings are presented across the issues. The document concludes there is scope for future work integrating optimization techniques with neural networks for improved data mining and increasing system flexibility.
Different Classification Technique for Data mining in Insurance Industry usin...IOSRjournaljce
this paper addresses the issues and techniques for Property/Casualty actuaries applying data mining methods. Data mining means the effective unknown pattern discovery from a large amount database. It is an interactive knowledge discovery procedure which is includes data acquisition, data integration, data exploration, model building, and model validation. The paper provides an overview of the data discovery method and introduces some important data mining method for application to insurance concluding cluster discovery approaches.
This document discusses data mining and knowledge management. It begins by defining data mining as the process of analyzing large amounts of data to uncover hidden patterns and relationships. This process is useful for businesses that collect large customer databases. The document then discusses how data mining relates to knowledge management by helping to create, transmit, and use knowledge for decision making. It provides examples of common data mining tools like web-based software, business models, and the WEKA data mining software. The document also outlines several common data mining models, including association, classification, clustering, forecasting, regression, sequence discovery, and visualization.
The document provides an overview of data mining in agriculture. It discusses the history and evolution of data science and defines key concepts like data mining, knowledge discovery in databases (KDD), and techniques used in data mining like statistics, machine learning, neural networks, and decision trees. The document also reviews applications of data mining in agriculture like crop yield estimation, influence of climate on crops, and spatial pattern analysis. It summarizes several research papers that apply techniques like K-means, KNN, and artificial neural networks to problems in agriculture.
This document summarizes a survey on data mining. It discusses how data mining helps extract useful business information from large databases and build predictive models. Commonly used data mining techniques are discussed, including artificial neural networks, decision trees, genetic algorithms, and nearest neighbor methods. An ideal data mining architecture is proposed that fully integrates data mining tools with a data warehouse and OLAP server. Examples of profitable data mining applications are provided in industries such as pharmaceuticals, credit cards, transportation, and consumer goods. The document concludes that while data mining is still developing, it has wide applications across domains to leverage knowledge in data warehouses and improve customer relationships.
New approaches of Data Mining for the Internet of things with systems: Litera...IRJET Journal
This document provides a literature review of new approaches to data mining for the Internet of Things (IoT). It discusses data mining from three perspectives: data view, method view, and application view. In the data view, it examines data mining functions like classification, clustering, association analysis, time series analysis, and anomaly detection. In the method view, it reviews machine learning, statistical, and deep learning techniques used for data mining. In the application view, it discusses data mining applications in industries like business, healthcare, and government. It also discusses challenges of big data mining for IoT and proposes a framework for large-scale IoT data mining using open source tools.
Applying K-Means Clustering Algorithm to Discover Knowledge from Insurance Da...theijes
Data mining works to extract information known in advance from the enormous quantities of data which can lead to knowledge. It provides information that helps to make good decisions. The effectiveness of data mining in access to knowledge to achieve the goal of which is the discovery of the hidden facts contained in databases and through the use of multiple technologies. Clustering is organizing data into clusters or groups such that they have high intra-cluster similarity and low inter cluster similarity. This paper deals with K-means clustering algorithm which collect a number of data based on the characteristics and attributes of this data, and process the Clustering by reducing the distances between the data center. This algorithm is applied using open source tool called WEKA, with the Insurance dataset as its input
6 ijaems sept-2015-6-a review of data security primitives in data miningINFOGAIN PUBLICATION
This document summarizes a review of 30 research papers on data security primitives in data mining. The review identified 9 key issues: spatial data handling, gaps between hidden patterns and business tools, decision making in heterogeneous databases, resource mining, visually interactive data mining, data cluster mining, load balancing and data fittability, privacy preservation, and mining complex patterns. For each issue, the document discusses solution approaches from the papers and identifies the best and worst approaches. Common findings are presented across the issues. The document concludes there is scope for future work integrating optimization techniques with neural networks for improved data mining and increasing system flexibility.
This document summarizes a study on using data mining techniques like multiple linear regression and density-based clustering to estimate crop production in East Godavari district of India. Multiple linear regression and density-based clustering were used to model the relationship between crop production and factors like rainfall, area sown, fertilizer use. The estimated values from both techniques were found to have a percentage difference ranging from -14% to 13% when compared to actual production values, indicating the techniques can adequately estimate crop production. Tables of actual versus estimated values using both techniques are provided for comparison.
PREDICTION OF STORM DISASTER USING CLOUD MAP-REDUCE METHODAM Publications
The document discusses prediction of storm disasters using the Cloud Map-Reduce method for stream data mining. It begins with background on spatial data mining and its tasks/techniques. Issues with spatial data mining are also outlined. Stream data mining and its importance for analyzing continuous data streams is then introduced. Common stream data processing methods are discussed, including Apache Storm, Kafka, Spark, Flink, MapReduce and Hadoop. The paper aims to predict storm disasters using stream data mining strategies like Cloud Map-Reduce to analyze spatial datasets in real-time.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Novel Framework for Big Data Processing in a Data-driven SocietyAnthonyOtuonye
This document summarizes a journal article that proposes a novel big data processing framework. It begins by defining big data and noting the rapid rise in data from sources like social media, sensors, and the internet. It then describes challenges with analyzing this large, complex data. The paper introduces a three-tier big data mining structure that analyzes data from multiple sources on a single platform and provides real-time social feedback. It adopts the HACE theorem to characterize big data's size, heterogeneity, complexity and evolving nature. The framework uses Hadoop's MapReduce for distributed parallel processing. The study aims to fully leverage big data's benefits and enhance large-scale data management and analysis for governments and businesses.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL QUERIES FOR MOVING OBJECTS DATA WAREHOUSINGijdms
In the last decade, Moving Object Databases (MODs) have attracted a lot of attention from researchers.
Several research works were conducted to extend traditional database techniques to accommodate the new
requirements imposed by the continuous change in location information of moving objects. Managing,
querying, storing, and mining moving objects were the key research directions. This extensive interest in
moving objects is a natural consequence of the recent ubiquitous location-aware devices, such as PDAs,
mobile phones, etc., as well as the variety of information that can be extracted from such new databases. In
this paper we propose a Spatio-Temporal data warehousing (STDW) for efficiently querying location
information of moving objects. The proposed schema introduces new measures like direction majority and
other direction-based measures that enhance the decision making based on location information
HITS: A History-Based Intelligent Transportation System IJDKP
Transportation is the driving force of any country. Today we are facing an explosion in the number of motor vehicles that affects our daily routines. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) aim to provide efficient tools that solve traffic problems. Predicting route congestions during different day periods can help drivers choose better routes for their trips. In this paper we propose “HITS” a traffic control system that integrates moving object database techniques [30, 28] along with data warehousing techniques [15].
Our system uses historical traffic information to answer queries about moving objects on road network, and to analyze historical traffic conditions to enhance future traffic related decisions.
Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems. 1 Data mining is an interdisciplinary sub field of computer science and statistics with an overall goal to extract from a data set and transform the information into a comprehensible structure for further use. 1 2 3 4 The process of digging through data to discover hidden connections and predict future trends has a long history. Sometimes referred to as 'knowledge discovery' in databases, the term data mining wasn't coined until the 1990s. What was old is new again, as data mining technology keeps evolving to keep pace with the limitless potential of big data and affordable computing power. Over the last decade, advances in processing power and speed have enabled us to move beyond manual, tedious and time consuming practices to quick, easy and automated data analysis. The more complex the data sets collected, the more potential there is to uncover relevant insights. Rupashi Koul "Overview of Data Mining" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31368.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/31368/overview-of-data-mining/rupashi-koul
A Study on Data Visualization Techniques of Spatio Temporal DataIJMTST Journal
Data visualization is an important tool to analyze complex Spatio Temporal data. The spatio-temporal data
can be visualized using 2D, 3D or any other type of maps. Cartography is the major technique used in
mapping. The data can also be visualized by placing different layers of maps one on other, which is done by
using GIS. Many data visualization techniques are in trend but the usage of the techniques must be decided
by considering the application requirements.
This document discusses data mining and its applications. It begins by defining data mining as the process of discovering patterns in large amounts of data through techniques from artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and databases. The overall goal is to extract useful information from data. It then describes common data mining tasks like classification, clustering, association rule learning, and regression. Examples of data mining applications given include using it in healthcare to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs, and in education to help institutions better understand and support their students.
A SURVEY ON DATA MINING IN STEEL INDUSTRIESIJCSES Journal
In Industrial environments, huge amount of data is being generated which in turn collected indatabase anddata warehouses from all involved areas such as planning, process design, materials, assembly, production, quality, process control, scheduling, fault detection,shutdown, customer relation management, and so on. Data Mining has become auseful tool for knowledge acquisition for industrial process of Iron and steel making. Due to the rapid growth in Data Mining, various industries started using data mining technology to search the hidden patterns, which might further be used to the system with the new knowledge which might design new models to enhance the production quality, productivity optimum cost and maintenance etc. The continuous improvement of all steel production process regarding the avoidance of quality deficiencies and the related improvement of production yield is an essential task of steel producer. Therefore, zero defect strategy is popular today and to maintain it several quality assurancetechniques areused. The present report explains the methods of data mining and describes its application in the industrial environment and especially, in the steel industry.
Survey of the Euro Currency Fluctuation by Using Data Miningijcsit
Data mining or Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) is a new field in information technology that emerged because of progress in creation and maintenance of large databases by combining statistical and artificial intelligence methods with database management. Data mining is used to recognize hidden patterns and provide relevant information for decision making on complex problems where conventional methods are inecient or too slow. Data mining can be used as a powerful tool to predict future trends and behaviors, and this prediction allows making proactive, knowledge-driven decisions in businesses. Since the automated prospective analyses offered by data mining move beyond the analyses of past events provided by retrospective tools, it can answer the business questions which are traditionally time consuming to resolve. Based on this great advantage, it provides more interest for the government, industry and commerce. In this paper we have used this tool to investigate the Euro currency fluctuation.For this investigation, we have three different algorithms: K*, IBK and MLP and we have extracted.Euro currency volatility by using the same criteria for all used algorithms. The used dataset has
21,084 records and is collected from daily price fluctuations in the Euro currency in the period
of10/2006 to 04/2010.
Frequent Item set Mining of Big Data for Social MediaIJERA Editor
Big data is a term for massive data sets having large, more varied and complex structure with the difficulties of storing, analyzing and visualizing for further processes or results. Bigdata includes data from email, documents, pictures, audio, video files, and other sources that do not fit into a relational database. This unstructured data brings enormous challenges to Bigdata.The process of research into massive amounts of data to reveal hidden patterns and secret correlations named as big data analytics. Therefore, big data implementations need to be analyzed and executed as accurately as possible. The proposed model structures the unstructured data from social media in a structured form so that data can be queried efficiently by using Hadoop MapReduce framework. The Bigdata mining is essential in order to extract value from massive amount of data. MapReduce is efficient method to deal with Big data than traditional techniques.The proposed Linguistic string matching Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm and K-Means clustering algorithm gives proper platform to extract value from massive amount of data and recommendation for user.Linguistic matching techniques such as Knuth–Morris–Pratt string matching algorithm are very useful in giving proper matching output to user query. The K-Means algorithm is one which works on clustering data using vector space model. It can be an appropriate method to produce recommendation for user
This document provides an overview of data mining. It defines data mining as the process of analyzing data from different perspectives to extract useful information. The document then explains that data mining is used by companies to analyze large amounts of data and discover relationships that can help increase revenue or cut costs. It provides examples of how data mining has been used in various industries and lists the basic steps and types of data mining.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses multimedia data mining and spatial data mining. It defines multimedia data mining as dealing with different types of data, including text, images, video and audio. Spatial data mining is described as dealing with objects in space that have identities, locations and relationships. Several techniques for spatial data mining are discussed, including spatial association analysis, spatial classification, spatial trend analysis, spatial cluster analysis and mining spatiotemporal data.
PERFORMING DATA MINING IN (SRMS) THROUGH VERTICAL APPROACH WITH ASSOCIATION R...Editor IJMTER
This system technique is used for efficient data mining in SRMS (Student Records
Management System) through vertical approach with association rules in distributed databases. The
current leading technique is that of Kantarcioglu and Clifton[1]. In this system I deal with two
challenges or issues, one that computes the union of private subsets that each of the interacting users
hold, and another that tests the inclusion of an element held by one user in a subset held by another.
The existing system uses different techniques for data mining purpose like Apriori algorithm. The
Fast Distributed Mining (FDM) algorithm of Cheung et al. [2], which is an unsecured distributed
version of the Apriori algorithm. Proposed system offers enhanced privacy and data mining with
respect to the Encryption techniques and Association rule with Fp-Growth Algorithm in private
cloud (system contains different files of subjects with respect to their branches). Due to this above
techniques the expected effect on this system is that, it is simpler and more efficient in terms of
communication cost and combinational cost. Due to these techniques it will affect the parameter like
time consumption for execution, length of the code is decrease, find the data fast, extracting hidden
predictive information from large databases and the efficiency of this proposed system should
increase by the 20%.
The document proposes a text mining template-based algorithm to improve business intelligence by categorizing text. It begins with an introduction to data mining and text mining. It then discusses related work on text mining algorithms. The document proposes a methodology using a configuration file to identify fields in documents based on regular expressions. The algorithm reads documents line by line, matches lines to conditions in the configuration file, and stores the identified fields in an array. The array is then used to populate a structured table for analysis to improve decision making. The methodology is experimentally tested on 100 resumes to select candidates, demonstrating its ability to extract structured data from unstructured documents.
This document discusses negative sequential pattern mining. It begins with an introduction to data mining, sequential pattern mining, and the difference between positive and negative sequential patterns. Negative sequential patterns consider absent items in sequences and can provide valuable information. The document then surveys five different algorithms that have been proposed for mining negative sequential patterns more efficiently. These algorithms aim to reduce computational costs by pruning candidate patterns or avoiding rescanning databases multiple times.
Automated Surveillance System and Data CommunicationIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an automated video surveillance system that uses fuzzy color histograms (FCH) for background subtraction. It begins with an introduction to automated video surveillance and challenges with background subtraction. It then describes how the system works, including:
1) Calculating FCH features for each pixel using fuzzy membership values to color bins, which allows robustness to noise and quantization errors.
2) Comparing FCH features between current and background model frames using a similarity measure to classify each pixel as background or foreground.
3) Adaptively updating the background model at each pixel position over time using an online learning approach.
The key advantage of this approach is that the fuzzy color histograms allow efficient attenuation of
This document summarizes spatial scalable video compression using H.264. It discusses previous video compression standards like H.261 and H.263. It then describes the key components of the H.264 encoder and decoder, including prediction models, spatial models and entropy encoding. Simulation results comparing parameters like PSNR, CSNR and MSE between encoded and decoded video using H.264 are presented. The paper concludes that H.264 provides 31-35% improved efficiency and bit rate reduction over previous standards.
Early Warning on Disastrous Weather through Cell PhoneIOSR Journals
1) The document proposes an early weather warning system for Bangladesh that alerts subscribers via phone calls or SMS about impending natural disasters like cyclones, tsunamis, or tornadoes.
2) The system collects weather data from various sources and sends warning messages to subscribers based on their detected location. Warnings are sent via automated phone calls in Bengali to ensure all subscribers can understand, even if asleep.
3) Testing showed the system works well within Dhaka, with fast response times due to storing processed data. The system aims to minimize loss of life from natural disasters by providing widespread early warnings to the Bangladeshi population.
This document summarizes a study on using data mining techniques like multiple linear regression and density-based clustering to estimate crop production in East Godavari district of India. Multiple linear regression and density-based clustering were used to model the relationship between crop production and factors like rainfall, area sown, fertilizer use. The estimated values from both techniques were found to have a percentage difference ranging from -14% to 13% when compared to actual production values, indicating the techniques can adequately estimate crop production. Tables of actual versus estimated values using both techniques are provided for comparison.
PREDICTION OF STORM DISASTER USING CLOUD MAP-REDUCE METHODAM Publications
The document discusses prediction of storm disasters using the Cloud Map-Reduce method for stream data mining. It begins with background on spatial data mining and its tasks/techniques. Issues with spatial data mining are also outlined. Stream data mining and its importance for analyzing continuous data streams is then introduced. Common stream data processing methods are discussed, including Apache Storm, Kafka, Spark, Flink, MapReduce and Hadoop. The paper aims to predict storm disasters using stream data mining strategies like Cloud Map-Reduce to analyze spatial datasets in real-time.
IJRET : International Journal of Research in Engineering and Technology is an international peer reviewed, online journal published by eSAT Publishing House for the enhancement of research in various disciplines of Engineering and Technology. The aim and scope of the journal is to provide an academic medium and an important reference for the advancement and dissemination of research results that support high-level learning, teaching and research in the fields of Engineering and Technology. We bring together Scientists, Academician, Field Engineers, Scholars and Students of related fields of Engineering and Technology.
A Novel Framework for Big Data Processing in a Data-driven SocietyAnthonyOtuonye
This document summarizes a journal article that proposes a novel big data processing framework. It begins by defining big data and noting the rapid rise in data from sources like social media, sensors, and the internet. It then describes challenges with analyzing this large, complex data. The paper introduces a three-tier big data mining structure that analyzes data from multiple sources on a single platform and provides real-time social feedback. It adopts the HACE theorem to characterize big data's size, heterogeneity, complexity and evolving nature. The framework uses Hadoop's MapReduce for distributed parallel processing. The study aims to fully leverage big data's benefits and enhance large-scale data management and analysis for governments and businesses.
SPATIO-TEMPORAL QUERIES FOR MOVING OBJECTS DATA WAREHOUSINGijdms
In the last decade, Moving Object Databases (MODs) have attracted a lot of attention from researchers.
Several research works were conducted to extend traditional database techniques to accommodate the new
requirements imposed by the continuous change in location information of moving objects. Managing,
querying, storing, and mining moving objects were the key research directions. This extensive interest in
moving objects is a natural consequence of the recent ubiquitous location-aware devices, such as PDAs,
mobile phones, etc., as well as the variety of information that can be extracted from such new databases. In
this paper we propose a Spatio-Temporal data warehousing (STDW) for efficiently querying location
information of moving objects. The proposed schema introduces new measures like direction majority and
other direction-based measures that enhance the decision making based on location information
HITS: A History-Based Intelligent Transportation System IJDKP
Transportation is the driving force of any country. Today we are facing an explosion in the number of motor vehicles that affects our daily routines. Intelligent transportation systems (ITS) aim to provide efficient tools that solve traffic problems. Predicting route congestions during different day periods can help drivers choose better routes for their trips. In this paper we propose “HITS” a traffic control system that integrates moving object database techniques [30, 28] along with data warehousing techniques [15].
Our system uses historical traffic information to answer queries about moving objects on road network, and to analyze historical traffic conditions to enhance future traffic related decisions.
Data mining is the process of discovering patterns in large data sets involving methods at the intersection of machine learning, statistics, and database systems. 1 Data mining is an interdisciplinary sub field of computer science and statistics with an overall goal to extract from a data set and transform the information into a comprehensible structure for further use. 1 2 3 4 The process of digging through data to discover hidden connections and predict future trends has a long history. Sometimes referred to as 'knowledge discovery' in databases, the term data mining wasn't coined until the 1990s. What was old is new again, as data mining technology keeps evolving to keep pace with the limitless potential of big data and affordable computing power. Over the last decade, advances in processing power and speed have enabled us to move beyond manual, tedious and time consuming practices to quick, easy and automated data analysis. The more complex the data sets collected, the more potential there is to uncover relevant insights. Rupashi Koul "Overview of Data Mining" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-4 , June 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd31368.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/computer-engineering/31368/overview-of-data-mining/rupashi-koul
A Study on Data Visualization Techniques of Spatio Temporal DataIJMTST Journal
Data visualization is an important tool to analyze complex Spatio Temporal data. The spatio-temporal data
can be visualized using 2D, 3D or any other type of maps. Cartography is the major technique used in
mapping. The data can also be visualized by placing different layers of maps one on other, which is done by
using GIS. Many data visualization techniques are in trend but the usage of the techniques must be decided
by considering the application requirements.
This document discusses data mining and its applications. It begins by defining data mining as the process of discovering patterns in large amounts of data through techniques from artificial intelligence, machine learning, statistics, and databases. The overall goal is to extract useful information from data. It then describes common data mining tasks like classification, clustering, association rule learning, and regression. Examples of data mining applications given include using it in healthcare to improve patient outcomes and reduce costs, and in education to help institutions better understand and support their students.
A SURVEY ON DATA MINING IN STEEL INDUSTRIESIJCSES Journal
In Industrial environments, huge amount of data is being generated which in turn collected indatabase anddata warehouses from all involved areas such as planning, process design, materials, assembly, production, quality, process control, scheduling, fault detection,shutdown, customer relation management, and so on. Data Mining has become auseful tool for knowledge acquisition for industrial process of Iron and steel making. Due to the rapid growth in Data Mining, various industries started using data mining technology to search the hidden patterns, which might further be used to the system with the new knowledge which might design new models to enhance the production quality, productivity optimum cost and maintenance etc. The continuous improvement of all steel production process regarding the avoidance of quality deficiencies and the related improvement of production yield is an essential task of steel producer. Therefore, zero defect strategy is popular today and to maintain it several quality assurancetechniques areused. The present report explains the methods of data mining and describes its application in the industrial environment and especially, in the steel industry.
Survey of the Euro Currency Fluctuation by Using Data Miningijcsit
Data mining or Knowledge Discovery in Databases (KDD) is a new field in information technology that emerged because of progress in creation and maintenance of large databases by combining statistical and artificial intelligence methods with database management. Data mining is used to recognize hidden patterns and provide relevant information for decision making on complex problems where conventional methods are inecient or too slow. Data mining can be used as a powerful tool to predict future trends and behaviors, and this prediction allows making proactive, knowledge-driven decisions in businesses. Since the automated prospective analyses offered by data mining move beyond the analyses of past events provided by retrospective tools, it can answer the business questions which are traditionally time consuming to resolve. Based on this great advantage, it provides more interest for the government, industry and commerce. In this paper we have used this tool to investigate the Euro currency fluctuation.For this investigation, we have three different algorithms: K*, IBK and MLP and we have extracted.Euro currency volatility by using the same criteria for all used algorithms. The used dataset has
21,084 records and is collected from daily price fluctuations in the Euro currency in the period
of10/2006 to 04/2010.
Frequent Item set Mining of Big Data for Social MediaIJERA Editor
Big data is a term for massive data sets having large, more varied and complex structure with the difficulties of storing, analyzing and visualizing for further processes or results. Bigdata includes data from email, documents, pictures, audio, video files, and other sources that do not fit into a relational database. This unstructured data brings enormous challenges to Bigdata.The process of research into massive amounts of data to reveal hidden patterns and secret correlations named as big data analytics. Therefore, big data implementations need to be analyzed and executed as accurately as possible. The proposed model structures the unstructured data from social media in a structured form so that data can be queried efficiently by using Hadoop MapReduce framework. The Bigdata mining is essential in order to extract value from massive amount of data. MapReduce is efficient method to deal with Big data than traditional techniques.The proposed Linguistic string matching Knuth-Morris-Pratt algorithm and K-Means clustering algorithm gives proper platform to extract value from massive amount of data and recommendation for user.Linguistic matching techniques such as Knuth–Morris–Pratt string matching algorithm are very useful in giving proper matching output to user query. The K-Means algorithm is one which works on clustering data using vector space model. It can be an appropriate method to produce recommendation for user
This document provides an overview of data mining. It defines data mining as the process of analyzing data from different perspectives to extract useful information. The document then explains that data mining is used by companies to analyze large amounts of data and discover relationships that can help increase revenue or cut costs. It provides examples of how data mining has been used in various industries and lists the basic steps and types of data mining.
International Journal of Engineering Research and Applications (IJERA) is an open access online peer reviewed international journal that publishes research and review articles in the fields of Computer Science, Neural Networks, Electrical Engineering, Software Engineering, Information Technology, Mechanical Engineering, Chemical Engineering, Plastic Engineering, Food Technology, Textile Engineering, Nano Technology & science, Power Electronics, Electronics & Communication Engineering, Computational mathematics, Image processing, Civil Engineering, Structural Engineering, Environmental Engineering, VLSI Testing & Low Power VLSI Design etc.
This document discusses multimedia data mining and spatial data mining. It defines multimedia data mining as dealing with different types of data, including text, images, video and audio. Spatial data mining is described as dealing with objects in space that have identities, locations and relationships. Several techniques for spatial data mining are discussed, including spatial association analysis, spatial classification, spatial trend analysis, spatial cluster analysis and mining spatiotemporal data.
PERFORMING DATA MINING IN (SRMS) THROUGH VERTICAL APPROACH WITH ASSOCIATION R...Editor IJMTER
This system technique is used for efficient data mining in SRMS (Student Records
Management System) through vertical approach with association rules in distributed databases. The
current leading technique is that of Kantarcioglu and Clifton[1]. In this system I deal with two
challenges or issues, one that computes the union of private subsets that each of the interacting users
hold, and another that tests the inclusion of an element held by one user in a subset held by another.
The existing system uses different techniques for data mining purpose like Apriori algorithm. The
Fast Distributed Mining (FDM) algorithm of Cheung et al. [2], which is an unsecured distributed
version of the Apriori algorithm. Proposed system offers enhanced privacy and data mining with
respect to the Encryption techniques and Association rule with Fp-Growth Algorithm in private
cloud (system contains different files of subjects with respect to their branches). Due to this above
techniques the expected effect on this system is that, it is simpler and more efficient in terms of
communication cost and combinational cost. Due to these techniques it will affect the parameter like
time consumption for execution, length of the code is decrease, find the data fast, extracting hidden
predictive information from large databases and the efficiency of this proposed system should
increase by the 20%.
The document proposes a text mining template-based algorithm to improve business intelligence by categorizing text. It begins with an introduction to data mining and text mining. It then discusses related work on text mining algorithms. The document proposes a methodology using a configuration file to identify fields in documents based on regular expressions. The algorithm reads documents line by line, matches lines to conditions in the configuration file, and stores the identified fields in an array. The array is then used to populate a structured table for analysis to improve decision making. The methodology is experimentally tested on 100 resumes to select candidates, demonstrating its ability to extract structured data from unstructured documents.
This document discusses negative sequential pattern mining. It begins with an introduction to data mining, sequential pattern mining, and the difference between positive and negative sequential patterns. Negative sequential patterns consider absent items in sequences and can provide valuable information. The document then surveys five different algorithms that have been proposed for mining negative sequential patterns more efficiently. These algorithms aim to reduce computational costs by pruning candidate patterns or avoiding rescanning databases multiple times.
Automated Surveillance System and Data CommunicationIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an automated video surveillance system that uses fuzzy color histograms (FCH) for background subtraction. It begins with an introduction to automated video surveillance and challenges with background subtraction. It then describes how the system works, including:
1) Calculating FCH features for each pixel using fuzzy membership values to color bins, which allows robustness to noise and quantization errors.
2) Comparing FCH features between current and background model frames using a similarity measure to classify each pixel as background or foreground.
3) Adaptively updating the background model at each pixel position over time using an online learning approach.
The key advantage of this approach is that the fuzzy color histograms allow efficient attenuation of
This document summarizes spatial scalable video compression using H.264. It discusses previous video compression standards like H.261 and H.263. It then describes the key components of the H.264 encoder and decoder, including prediction models, spatial models and entropy encoding. Simulation results comparing parameters like PSNR, CSNR and MSE between encoded and decoded video using H.264 are presented. The paper concludes that H.264 provides 31-35% improved efficiency and bit rate reduction over previous standards.
Early Warning on Disastrous Weather through Cell PhoneIOSR Journals
1) The document proposes an early weather warning system for Bangladesh that alerts subscribers via phone calls or SMS about impending natural disasters like cyclones, tsunamis, or tornadoes.
2) The system collects weather data from various sources and sends warning messages to subscribers based on their detected location. Warnings are sent via automated phone calls in Bengali to ensure all subscribers can understand, even if asleep.
3) Testing showed the system works well within Dhaka, with fast response times due to storing processed data. The system aims to minimize loss of life from natural disasters by providing widespread early warnings to the Bangladeshi population.
Implementation of Efficiency CORDIC Algorithmfor Sine & Cosine GenerationIOSR Journals
Abstract: This paper presents an area-time efficient coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC) algorithm that completely eliminates the scale-factor. A generalized micro-rotation selection technique based on high speed most-significant-1-detection obviates the complex search algorithms for identifying the micro-rotations. This algorithm is redefined as the elementary angles for reducing the number of CORDIC iterations. Compared to the existing re-cursive architectures the proposed one has 17% lower slice-delay product on Xilinx Spartan XC2S200E device. The CORDIC processor pro-vides the flexibility to manipulate the number of iterations depending on the accuracy, area and latency requirements. Index Terms—coordinate rotation digital computer (CORDIC), cosine/sine, field-programmable gate array(FPGA),most-significant-1, recursive architecture.
Review On Google Android a Mobile PlatformIOSR Journals
This document reviews Google's Android mobile platform. It begins by providing background on the increasing popularity of smartphones and how Android was launched as an open-source platform to compete with other mobile platforms. It then describes the architecture of the Android software stack, including the Linux kernel, runtime environment, and application framework. Finally, it discusses the Android application execution process and how Android improved on the conventional mobile approach by giving all applications equal access to system resources.
IOSR Journal of Humanities and Social Science is an International Journal edited by International Organization of Scientific Research (IOSR).The Journal provides a common forum where all aspects of humanities and social sciences are presented. IOSR-JHSS publishes original papers, review papers, conceptual framework, analytical and simulation models, case studies, empirical research, technical notes etc.
Securing Group Communication in Partially Distributed SystemsIOSR Journals
This document summarizes an approach for securing group communication in partially distributed systems. The approach divides groups into regions, each with their own Key Distribution Center (KDC). Intra-region communication uses public-key cryptography, while inter-region communication uses a hierarchical key exchange approach involving symmetric keys. Key graphs are used to represent the partial distribution structure, and rekeying strategies are employed when users join or leave groups to dynamically update keys and prevent unauthorized access. The approach aims to provide security properties like authenticity, confidentiality and integrity, while maintaining scalability for distributed systems with changing group membership.
1) The document derives the equations describing the interaction forces between two identical cylinders spinning around their stationary and parallel axes in an ideal fluid.
2) It is found that the fluid velocity field can be determined by solving the Laplace equation, and that the pressure field can then be obtained from the velocity field using Bernoulli's equation.
3) By integrating the pressure around the surface of each cylinder, it is shown that the cylinders will repel or attract each other in inverse relation to their separation distance, depending on whether their directions of rotation are the same or opposite.
The document summarizes the development of a new web browser called JAN browser. It aims to provide more efficient and secure internet usage compared to existing browsers. Key features include speed dialing tabs to quickly access frequently used websites organized by topic, a virtual keyboard for secure password entry that shuffles keys to prevent hacking, and user login for security. The browser was developed using .NET for the front-end and SQL for the back-end database. Experimental results demonstrate the speed dialing, new tabs/windows, and virtual keyboard functions. The goal of JAN browser is to satisfy users by making resource searching more efficient, user-friendly, secure, and time-saving.
Cloud Computing for hand-held Devices:Enhancing Smart phones viability with C...IOSR Journals
This document discusses computation offloading from mobile devices to the cloud in order to save energy and extend battery life. It begins by introducing cloud computing and how it can provide shared resources to devices like smartphones. Computation offloading involves moving intensive processes from mobile devices to more powerful servers in the cloud. This reduces the computation done on the mobile device, saving energy. The document analyzes several research papers on computation offloading and mobile cloud computing. It discusses the benefits of offloading like extended battery life and improved reliability. It also examines challenges like low bandwidth, availability issues, and security concerns. Overall, the document argues that computation offloading to the cloud can help minimize mobile energy usage and increase battery life.
A Low Power Delay Buffer Using Gated Driver TreeIOSR Journals
This document describes a low power delay buffer circuit that uses several techniques to reduce power consumption. It uses a ring counter addressing scheme with double-edge triggered flip-flops to reduce the clock frequency in half. It also proposes a novel gated clock driver tree to reduce activity on the clock distribution network. The gated driver tree idea is also applied to the input and output ports of the memory block to decrease loading and further reduce power. Simulation results show the effectiveness of these techniques in reducing power consumption for the delay buffer circuit.
This document summarizes a research paper that models the performance of different types of Dynamic Voltage Restorers (DVRs) in mitigating balanced and unbalanced voltage sags on distribution systems. The paper presents modeling aspects of several DVR configurations and analyzes their effectiveness in compensating for various voltage sag scenarios through detailed simulation results. It also discusses the capability of DVRs to regulate voltage quality at load terminals during power quality issues like sags, swells and harmonics.
Nearest Adjacent Node Discovery Scheme for Routing Protocol in Wireless Senso...IOSR Journals
The broad significance of Wireless Sensor Networks is in most emergency and disaster rescue
domain. The routing process is the main challenges in the wireless sensor network due to lack of physical links.
The objective of routing is to find optimum path which is used to transferring packets from source node to
destination node. Routing should generate feasible routes between nodes and send traffic along the selected path
and also achieve high performance. This paper presents a nearest adjacent node scheme based on shortest path
routing algorithm. It is plays an important role in energy conservation. It finds the best location of nearest
adjacent nodes by involving the least number of nodes in transmission of data and set large number of nodes to
sleep in idle mode. Based on simulation result we shows the significant improvement in energy saving and
enhance the life of the network
This document describes the design and fabrication of a solar powered lithium bromide vapor absorption refrigeration system. It uses lithium bromide and water as the working fluids, with solar energy powering the generator to separate the water vapor from the lithium bromide solution. The water vapor then condenses and evaporates to provide cooling, while the strong lithium bromide solution absorbs the water vapor back into a weak solution to complete the cycle. The document provides details on the system components, operating principles, and achievable COP between 0.7-0.8 using this environmentally friendly solar powered system.
This document summarizes an FPGA implementation of a trained neural network. It describes implementing a 3-2-1 multilayer perceptron network on an FPGA for a fault identification application. The key modules implemented include multiply-accumulate, truncation, sigmoid and linear activation functions. Resource utilization is low, with the entire integrated network using only 2.2% of FPGA slices. Simulation results match manual calculations, demonstrating the network accurately classifies faults.
IOSR Journal of Pharmacy and Biological Sciences(IOSR-JPBS) is an open access international journal that provides rapid publication (within a month) of articles in all areas of Pharmacy and Biological Science. The journal welcomes publications of high quality papers on theoretical developments and practical applications in Pharmacy and Biological Science. Original research papers, state-of-the-art reviews, and high quality technical notes are invited for publications.
High Performance Error Detection with Different Set Cyclic Codes for Memory A...IOSR Journals
The document presents a proposed error detection method using majority logic decoding with difference set cyclic codes. The proposed method can detect up to five bit errors in the first three decoding cycles, improving performance over traditional majority logic decoding approaches. It uses a control unit to evaluate parity check sums over the first three cycles, and can detect errors without fully decoding the codeword when no errors are found. This reduces decoding time compared to approaches that fully decode each codeword. The proposed method is also less complex than alternatives using syndrome calculation for error detection. Simulation results showed the proposed method can detect errors faster while using less memory and power than traditional approaches.
This document describes a PIC microcontroller and PC-based system using multiple gas sensors and artificial intelligence techniques for gas identification. Five commercial gas sensors are used to detect methane, carbon monoxide, and LPG at different concentrations and temperatures. The microcontroller collects analog voltage output from the sensors. Artificial neural networks are trained on the sensor data to identify gases based on patterns in responses to varying parameters like concentration, temperature, and load resistance. Experimental results show the sensors have different sensitivities to different gases and temperatures. The neural network approach can accurately predict gas concentrations online based on the sensor behavior patterns extracted during experiments. This system improves gas detection sensitivity and selectivity with high accuracy.
This document discusses a study on the effectiveness of implementing a pneumatic transport system (PTS) at a large tertiary care hospital in India. The study found that using a PTS saves significant time and manpower compared to the previous human-based transport system. Specifically, the PTS reduced the total time taken for sample transportation and reporting results by 94.6 minutes on average. While PTS provides benefits like faster transport and reduced errors, the study also noted higher installation costs for existing hospital structures. Overall, the study concludes that PTS is an effective alternative to human transport, especially for new hospital planning, though retrofitting can be more expensive.
Review: Semi-Supervised Learning Methods for Word Sense DisambiguationIOSR Journals
This document provides a review of semi-supervised learning methods for word sense disambiguation. It discusses how semi-supervised learning uses both labeled and unlabeled data, requiring only a small amount of labeled data. The document outlines several semi-supervised learning techniques for word sense disambiguation, including bootstrapping algorithms like Yarowsky's algorithm, and graph-based approaches like label propagation. It provides details on Yarowsky's bootstrapping algorithm and how it is able to generalize to label new examples through exploiting properties like one-sense-per-collocation and language redundancy.
11.challenging issues of spatio temporal data miningAlexander Decker
This document discusses the challenging issues of spatio-temporal data mining. It begins with an introduction to spatio-temporal databases and how they differ from traditional databases by managing moving objects and their locations over time. It then provides an overview of spatial data mining and temporal data mining before focusing on spatio-temporal data mining, which aims to analyze large databases containing both spatial and temporal information. The document outlines some of the key challenges in applying traditional data mining techniques to spatio-temporal data due to its continuous and correlated nature.
Data Mining And Visualization of Large DatabasesCSCJournals
Data Mining and Visualization are tools that are used in databases to further analyse and understand the stored data. Data mining and visualization are knowledge discovery tools used to find hidden patterns and to visualize the data distribution. In the paper, we shall illustrate how data mining and visualization are used in large databases to find patterns and traits hidden within. In large databases where data is both large and seemingly random, mining and visualization help to find the trends found in such large sets. We shall look at the developments of data mining and visualization and what kind of application fields usage of such tools. Finally, we shall touch upon the future developments and newer trends in data mining and visualization being experimented for future use.
A Deep Dissertion Of Data Science Related Issues And Its ApplicationsTracy Hill
This document summarizes a paper on data science that discusses its definition, processes, applications, and open research issues. It defines data science as extracting, collecting, and analyzing data for business or technical purposes. The paper describes the typical data science process as involving data wrangling, analysis, and communication. It discusses applications of data science in areas like business analytics, prediction, and healthcare. Finally, it outlines open research issues involving integrating data science with emerging technologies like the Internet of Things, cloud computing, and quantum computing.
This document provides a summary of a research article that presents a comprehensive study on outlier detection in data mining. It begins with an abstract that outlines the paper's focus on delivering a survey of the literature on outliers and various approaches for their detection. Outliers are defined as data points that diverge partially or totally from the rest of the data set. The document then provides more details on outliers, data mining techniques, and knowledge discovery in data mining. It describes outliers as data objects that cannot be fitted into any cluster and can differ from neighboring data points or the complete data set. The paper aims to present a literature survey on outliers in different types of data sets and methodologies for their detection.
5. data mining tools and techniques a review--31-39Alexander Decker
This document summarizes data mining tools and techniques. It discusses how data mining automates the detection of patterns in large databases to predict future trends. Various data mining techniques are described, including clustering, association rules, sequential patterns, and statistical analysis. The document also discusses applications of data mining in logistics management and other domains. Key benefits of data mining include automated prediction and discovery of patterns. Some disadvantages like privacy and security issues are also noted.
11.0005www.iiste.org call for paper. data mining tools and techniques- a revi...Alexander Decker
This document summarizes data mining tools and techniques. It discusses how data mining automates the detection of patterns in large databases to predict future trends. Various data mining techniques are described, including clustering, association rules, sequential patterns, and statistical analysis. The document also discusses applications of data mining in logistics management and other domains. Key benefits of data mining include automated prediction and discovery of patterns. Some disadvantages like privacy and security issues are also noted.
The document provides a literature review on data mining. It discusses data mining concepts such as classification and prediction. Data mining has roots in machine learning, statistics, and artificial intelligence. It involves extracting patterns from large datasets. The document outlines several uses and functions of data mining, including classification, clustering, and anomaly detection. It also gives examples of data mining applications in fields like medicine, banking, insurance, and electronic commerce.
Survey on MapReduce in Big Data Clustering using Machine Learning AlgorithmsIRJET Journal
This document summarizes research on using MapReduce techniques for big data clustering with machine learning algorithms. It discusses how traditional clustering algorithms do not scale well for large datasets. MapReduce allows distributed processing of large datasets in parallel. The document reviews several studies that implemented clustering algorithms like k-means using MapReduce on Hadoop. It found this improved efficiency and reduced complexity compared to traditional approaches. Faster processing of large datasets enables applications in areas like education and healthcare.
A Review On Data Mining From Past To The FutureKaela Johnson
This document discusses trends in data mining from the past to the future. It begins by discussing how data mining has evolved from early techniques that focused on numerical data from single databases to current techniques that can handle diverse data types and sources. It outlines several current areas of data mining like hypertext mining, ubiquitous data mining, multimedia mining and spatial/time series mining. It also discusses how computing advances like parallel, distributed and grid technologies have enabled mining large heterogeneous datasets. Finally, it states that the paper will review historical trends, current trends, and explore future trends in data mining.
Big data is a prominent term which characterizes the improvement and availability of data in all three
formats like structure, unstructured and semi formats. Structure data is located in a fixed field of a record
or file and it is present in the relational data bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured data file
includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this big data concept is to describe the
extreme volume of data sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is further defined with three “V”
dimensions namely Volume, Velocity and Variety, and two more “V” also added i.e. Value and Veracity.
Volume denotes the size of data, Velocity depends upon the speed of the data processing, Variety is
described with the types of the data, Value which derives the business value and Veracity describes about
the quality of the data and data understandability. Nowadays, big data has become unique and preferred
research areas in the field of computer science. Many open research problems are available in big data
and good solutions also been proposed by the researchers even though there is a need for development of
many new techniques and algorithms for big data analysis in order to get optimal solutions. In this paper,
a detailed study about big data, its basic concepts, history, applications, technique, research issues and
tools are discussed.
Big data is a prominent term which characterizes the improvement and availability of data in all three
formats like structure, unstructured and semi formats. Structure data is located in a fixed field of a record
or file and it is present in the relational data bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured data file
includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this big data concept is to describe the
extreme volume of data sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is further defined with three “V”
dimensions namely Volume, Velocity and Variety, and two more “V” also added i.e. Value and Veracity.
Volume denotes the size of data, Velocity depends upon the speed of the data processing, Variety is
described with the types of the data, Value which derives the business value and Veracity describes about
the quality of the data and data understandability. Nowadays, big data has become unique and preferred
research areas in the field of computer science. Many open research problems are available in big data
and good solutions also been proposed by the researchers even though there is a need for development of
many new techniques and algorithms for big data analysis in order to get optimal solutions. In this paper,
a detailed study about big data, its basic concepts, history, applications, technique, research issues and
tools are discussed.
Big data is a prominent term which characterizes the improvement and availability of data in all three
formats like structure, unstructured and semi formats. Structure data is located in a fixed field of a record
or file and it is present in the relational data bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured data file
includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this big data concept is to describe the
extreme volume of data sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is further defined with three “V”
dimensions namely Volume, Velocity and Variety, and two more “V” also added i.e. Value and Veracity.
Volume denotes the size of data, Velocity depends upon the speed of the data processing, Variety is
described with the types of the data, Value which derives the business value and Veracity describes about
the quality of the data and data understandability. Nowadays, big data has become unique and preferred
research areas in the field of computer science. Many open research problems are available in big data
and good solutions also been proposed by the researchers even though there is a need for development of
many new techniques and algorithms for big data analysis in order to get optimal solutions. In this paper,
a detailed study about big data, its basic concepts, history, applications, technique, research issues and
tools are discussed.
Big data is a prominent term which characterizes the improvement and availability of data in all three formats like structure, unstructured and semi formats. Structure data is located in a fixed field of a record or file and it is present in the relational data bases and spreadsheets whereas an unstructured data file includes text and multimedia contents. The primary objective of this big data concept is to describe the extreme volume of data sets i.e. both structured and unstructured. It is further defined with three “V” dimensions namely Volume, Velocity and Variety, and two more “V” also added i.e. Value and Veracity. Volume denotes the size of data, Velocity depends upon the speed of the data processing, Variety is described with the types of the data, Value which derives the business value and Veracity describes about the quality of the data and data understandability. Nowadays, big data has become unique and preferred research areas in the field of computer science. Many open research problems are available in big data and good solutions also been proposed by the researchers even though there is a need for development of many new techniques and algorithms for big data analysis in order to get optimal solutions. In this paper, a detailed study about big data, its basic concepts, history, applications, technique, research issues and tools are discussed.
A STUDY OF TRADITIONAL DATA ANALYSIS AND SENSOR DATA ANALYTICSijistjournal
The growth of smart and intelligent devices known as sensors generate large amount of data. These generated data over a time span takes such a large volume which is designated as big data. The data structure of repository holds unstructured data. The traditional data analytics methods well developed and used widely to analyze structured data and to limit extend the semi-structured data which involves additional processing over heads. The similar methods used to analyze unstructured data are different because of distributed computing approach where as there is a possibility of centralized processing in case of structured and semi-structured data. The under taken work is confined to analysis of both verities of methods. The result of this study is targeted to introduce methods available to analyze big data.
This document provides an overview of artificial neural networks and their application in data mining techniques. It discusses neural networks as a tool that can be used for data mining, though some practitioners are wary of them due to their opaque nature. The document also outlines the data mining process and some common data mining techniques like classification, clustering, regression, and association rule mining. It notes that neural networks, as a predictive modeling technique, can be useful for problems like classification and prediction.
DATA MINING IN EDUCATION : A REVIEW ON THE KNOWLEDGE DISCOVERY PERSPECTIVEIJDKP
Knowledge Discovery in Databases is the process of finding knowledge in massive amount of data where
data mining is the core of this process. Data mining can be used to mine understandable meaningful patterns from large databases and these patterns may then be converted into knowledge.Data mining is the process of extracting the information and patterns derived by the KDD process which helps in crucial decision-making.Data mining works with data warehouse and the whole process is divded into action plan to be performed on data: Selection, transformation, mining and results interpretation. In this paper, we have reviewed Knowledge Discovery perspective in Data Mining and consolidated different areas of data
mining, its techniques and methods in it.
Association rule visualization techniquemustafasmart
This document describes a project submitted for a degree in computer science. It discusses studying techniques for visualizing association rules discovered from databases by developed algorithms. The project aims to identify the strengths and weaknesses of these visualization techniques to determine the most appropriate for solving a main drawback of association rules, which is the huge number of extracted rules that cannot be manually inspected. The document provides background on data mining, association rules, and functional dependencies. It then outlines chapters that will explain the knowledge discovery process, association rule mining, and visualization techniques used for association rule visualization.
Ontology Based PMSE with Manifold PreferenceIJCERT
International journal from http://www.ijcert.org
IJCERT Standard on-line Journal
ISSN(Online):2349-7084,(An ISO 9001:2008 Certified Journal)
iso nicir csir
IJCERT (ISSN 2349–7084 (Online)) is approved by National Science Library (NSL), National Institute of Science Communication And Information Resources (NISCAIR), Council of Scientific and Industrial Research, New Delhi, India.
This document provides information about a computational intelligence and soft computing course including the instructor's contact information, class times, required text, and an overview of upcoming lectures on data mining with neural networks. It then discusses key issues in data mining such as theory, methods/algorithms, processes, applications, and tools/techniques. Several example data mining projects are also summarized along with homework and exam due dates for the course.
This document provides a review of literature on data mining. It summarizes the concept of data mining and its various methodologies. Data mining is defined as the process of extracting hidden patterns from large datasets to discover useful knowledge. It involves tasks like classification, regression, clustering, dependency modeling, anomaly detection and summarization. The document also outlines the typical data mining process and architecture, including data selection, preprocessing, transformation, mining, and interpretation. A number of applications of data mining techniques in different fields are also discussed.
Similar to A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases (20)
This document provides a technical review of secure banking using RSA and AES encryption methodologies. It discusses how RSA and AES are commonly used encryption standards for secure data transmission between ATMs and bank servers. The document first provides background on ATM security measures and risks of attacks. It then reviews related work analyzing encryption techniques. The document proposes using a one-time password in addition to a PIN for ATM authentication. It concludes that implementing encryption standards like RSA and AES can make transactions more secure and build trust in online banking.
This document analyzes the performance of various modulation schemes for achieving energy efficient communication over fading channels in wireless sensor networks. It finds that for long transmission distances, low-order modulations like BPSK are optimal due to their lower SNR requirements. However, as transmission distance decreases, higher-order modulations like 16-QAM and 64-QAM become more optimal since they can transmit more bits per symbol, outweighing their higher SNR needs. Simulations show lifetime extensions up to 550% are possible in short-range networks by using higher-order modulations instead of just BPSK. The optimal modulation depends on transmission distance and balancing the energy used by electronic components versus power amplifiers.
This document provides a review of mobility management techniques in vehicular ad hoc networks (VANETs). It discusses three modes of communication in VANETs: vehicle-to-infrastructure (V2I), vehicle-to-vehicle (V2V), and hybrid vehicle (HV) communication. For each communication mode, different mobility management schemes are required due to their unique characteristics. The document also discusses mobility management challenges in VANETs and outlines some open research issues in improving mobility management for seamless communication in these dynamic networks.
This document provides a review of different techniques for segmenting brain MRI images to detect tumors. It compares the K-means and Fuzzy C-means clustering algorithms. K-means is an exclusive clustering algorithm that groups data points into distinct clusters, while Fuzzy C-means is an overlapping clustering algorithm that allows data points to belong to multiple clusters. The document finds that Fuzzy C-means requires more time for brain tumor detection compared to other methods like hierarchical clustering or K-means. It also reviews related work applying these clustering algorithms to segment brain MRI images.
1) The document simulates and compares the performance of AODV and DSDV routing protocols in a mobile ad hoc network under three conditions: when users are fixed, when users move towards the base station, and when users move away from the base station.
2) The results show that both protocols have higher packet delivery and lower packet loss when users are either fixed or moving towards the base station, since signal strength is better in those scenarios. Performance degrades when users move away from the base station due to weaker signals.
3) AODV generally has better performance than DSDV, with higher throughput and packet delivery rates observed across the different user mobility conditions.
This document describes the design and implementation of 4-bit QPSK and 256-bit QAM modulation techniques using MATLAB. It compares the two techniques based on SNR, BER, and efficiency. The key steps of implementing each technique in MATLAB are outlined, including generating random bits, modulation, adding noise, and measuring BER. Simulation results show scatter plots and eye diagrams of the modulated signals. A table compares the results, showing that 256-bit QAM provides better performance than 4-bit QPSK. The document concludes that QAM modulation is more effective for digital transmission systems.
The document proposes a hybrid technique using Anisotropic Scale Invariant Feature Transform (A-SIFT) and Robust Ensemble Support Vector Machine (RESVM) to accurately identify faces in images. A-SIFT improves upon traditional SIFT by applying anisotropic scaling to extract richer directional keypoints. Keypoints are processed with RESVM and hypothesis testing to increase accuracy above 95% by repeatedly reprocessing images until the threshold is met. The technique was tested on similar and different facial images and achieved better results than SIFT in retrieval time and reduced keypoints.
This document studies the effects of dielectric superstrate thickness on microstrip patch antenna parameters. Three types of probes-fed patch antennas (rectangular, circular, and square) were designed to operate at 2.4 GHz using Arlondiclad 880 substrate. The antennas were tested with and without an Arlondiclad 880 superstrate of varying thicknesses. It was found that adding a superstrate slightly degraded performance by lowering the resonant frequency and increasing return loss and VSWR, while decreasing bandwidth and gain. Specifically, increasing the superstrate thickness or dielectric constant resulted in greater changes to the antenna parameters.
This document describes a wireless environment monitoring system that utilizes soil energy as a sustainable power source for wireless sensors. The system uses a microbial fuel cell to generate electricity from the microbial activity in soil. Two microbial fuel cells were created using different soil types and various additives to produce different current and voltage outputs. An electronic circuit was designed on a printed circuit board with components like a microcontroller and ZigBee transceiver. Sensors for temperature and humidity were connected to the circuit to monitor the environment wirelessly. The system provides a low-cost way to power remote sensors without needing battery replacement and avoids the high costs of wiring a power source.
1) The document proposes a model for a frequency tunable inverted-F antenna that uses ferrite material.
2) The resonant frequency of the antenna can be significantly shifted from 2.41GHz to 3.15GHz, a 31% shift, by increasing the static magnetic field placed on the ferrite material.
3) Altering the permeability of the ferrite allows tuning of the antenna's resonant frequency without changing the physical dimensions, providing flexibility to operate over a wide frequency range.
This document summarizes a research paper that presents a speech enhancement method using stationary wavelet transform. The method first classifies speech into voiced, unvoiced, and silence regions based on short-time energy. It then applies different thresholding techniques to the wavelet coefficients of each region - modified hard thresholding for voiced speech, semi-soft thresholding for unvoiced speech, and setting coefficients to zero for silence. Experimental results using speech from the TIMIT database corrupted with white Gaussian noise at various SNR levels show improved performance over other popular denoising methods.
This document reviews the design of an energy-optimized wireless sensor node that encrypts data for transmission. It discusses how sensing schemes that group nodes into clusters and transmit aggregated data can reduce energy consumption compared to individual node transmissions. The proposed node design calculates the minimum transmission power needed based on received signal strength and uses a periodic sleep/wake cycle to optimize energy when not sensing or transmitting. It aims to encrypt data at both the node and network level to further optimize energy usage for wireless communication.
This document discusses group consumption modes. It analyzes factors that impact group consumption, including external environmental factors like technological developments enabling new forms of online and offline interactions, as well as internal motivational factors at both the group and individual level. The document then proposes that group consumption modes can be divided into four types based on two dimensions: vertical (group relationship intensity) and horizontal (consumption action period). These four types are instrument-oriented, information-oriented, enjoyment-oriented, and relationship-oriented consumption modes. Finally, the document notes that consumption modes are dynamic and can evolve over time.
The document summarizes a study of different microstrip patch antenna configurations with slotted ground planes. Three antenna designs were proposed and their performance evaluated through simulation: a conventional square patch, an elliptical patch, and a star-shaped patch. All antennas were mounted on an FR4 substrate. The effects of adding different slot patterns to the ground plane on resonance frequency, bandwidth, gain and efficiency were analyzed parametrically. Key findings were that reshaping the patch and adding slots increased bandwidth and shifted resonance frequency. The elliptical and star patches in particular performed better than the conventional design. Three antenna configurations were selected for fabrication and measurement based on the simulations: a conventional patch with a slot under the patch, an elliptical patch with slots
1) The document describes a study conducted to improve call drop rates in a GSM network through RF optimization.
2) Drive testing was performed before and after optimization using TEMS software to record network parameters like RxLevel, RxQuality, and events.
3) Analysis found call drops were occurring due to issues like handover failures between sectors, interference from adjacent channels, and overshooting due to antenna tilt.
4) Corrective actions taken included defining neighbors between sectors, adjusting frequencies to reduce interference, and lowering the mechanical tilt of an antenna.
5) Post-optimization drive testing showed improvements in RxLevel, RxQuality, and a reduction in dropped calls.
This document describes the design of an intelligent autonomous wheeled robot that uses RF transmission for communication. The robot has two modes - automatic mode where it can make its own decisions, and user control mode where a user can control it remotely. It is designed using a microcontroller and can perform tasks like object recognition using computer vision and color detection in MATLAB, as well as wall painting using pneumatic systems. The robot's movement is controlled by DC motors and it uses sensors like ultrasonic sensors and gas sensors to navigate autonomously. RF transmission allows communication between the robot and a remote control unit. The overall aim is to develop a low-cost robotic system for industrial applications like material handling.
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A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
1. IOSR Journal Of Computer Engineering (IOSR-JCE)
e-ISSN: 2278-0661,p-ISSN: 2278-8727, Volume 17, Issue 1, Ver. V (Jan – Feb. 2015), PP 95-105
www.iosrjournals.org
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 95 | Page
A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy
spatial databases
1
Sayyada Sara Banu, 2
Dr.Perumal Uma,
3
Mohammed Waseem Ashfaque, 4
Quadri S.S Ali Ahmed
1
. College of computer science and information system,J azan university,Saudi Arabia
2
.College of computer science and information system, Jazan university,Saudi Arabia.
3
. Department of Computer Science & IT, College of Management and Computer Technology, Aurangabad,
India
4
.Department of Computer Science & IT, College of Management and Computer Technology, Aurangabad,
India.
Abstract: Data mining is the phenomenon to extract and recognized the new required pattern or types from the
large data seta or data bases and whatever required data is being extracted and separated from large data
bases then it is stored and that needs to give some sort of briefing via visualization and its techniques and then it
is being recognized it important pattern and analysis identifications. And which is having a very common
methodology of displaying the spatial data bases or data sets to search for the required pattern. no doubt its
quit typical to search and browse the spatial data bases for human beings to browse and identify from a such
huge collection of data bases. There for data mining algorithmic techniques is applied to filter and sort out the
spatial data sets as per the requirements .A new web based visualization application is being devolved for
supervising of spatial patterns and temporal, Data mining algorithm for sorting and searching from large
spatial data sets also being presenting and that algorithm is tested on real time experienced. Hence in this paper
a review is being presented on visualization approaches of data mining in large spatial data sets.
Keywords: Data Mining, Data Visualization; Visualization techniques; visual data mining
I. Introduction
1.1 Concept And Background
Data mining is a process to extract implicit, nontrivial, previously unknown and potentially useful
information (such as knowledge rules, constraints, regularities) from data in databases [1,2]. The explosive
growth in data and databases used in business management, government administration, and scientific data
analysis has created a need for tools that can automatically transform the processed data into useful information
and knowledge. Data mining allows organizations and companies to extract useful information from the vast
amount of data they have gathered, thus helping them make more effective decisions. Spatial data mining [3, 4,
5, 6, 7], a subfield of data mining, is concerned with the discovery of interesting and This work is partially
supported by the Army High Performance Computing Research Center under the auspices of the Department of
the Army, Army Research Laboratory cooperative agreement number DAAD19-01-2-0014,the content of which
does not necessarily reflect the position or the policy of the government, and no official endorsement should be
inferred. Chang-Tine Lu is currently with the Department of Computer Science, Northern Virginia Center,
Virginia Tech. useful but implicit knowledge in spatial databases. With the huge amount of spatial data obtained
from satellite images, medical images, and geographical information systems (GIS), it is a non-trivial task for
humans to explore spatial data in detail. Spatial datasets and patterns are abundant in many application domains
related to NASA, the Environmental Protection Agency, the National Institute of Standards and Technology,
and the Department of Transportation. A key goal of spatial data mining is to partially automate knowledge
discovery, i.e., search for “nuggets” of information embedded in very large quantities of spatial data. Challenges
in spatial data mining arise from the following issues. First, classical data mining is designed to process numbers
and categories. In contrast, spatial data is more complex and includes extended objects such as points, lines, and
polygons. Second, classical data mining works with explicit inputs, whereas spatial predicates and attributes are
often implicit. Third, classical data mining treats each input independently of other inputs, while spatial patterns
often exhibit continuity and high autocorrelation among nearby features.
1.2 Data mining Architecture
Data mining is a knowledge discovery process; it is the analysis step of knowledge discovery in
databases or KDD for short. As an interdisciplinary field of computer science, it involves techniques from fields
such as artificial intelligence AI, machine learning, probability and statistics theory, and business intelligence.
2. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 96 | Page
As in actual mining, where useful substance is mined out of large deposits hidden deep with mine. Data mining
mines meaningful and hidden patterns, and it‟s highly related to mathematical statistics. Though utilizing pattern
recognition techniques, AI techniques, and even socio-economic aspects are taken into consideration. Data
mining is used in today‟s ever-growing databases to achieve business superiority, finding genome sequences,
automated decision making, monitoring and diagnosing engineering processes, and for drug discovery and
diagnosis in medical and health care [8]. Data Mining, as with other Business Intelligence tools, efficiency is
affected by the Data Warehousing solution used [9, 10].
Fig:1 Data mining concept
1.3 Concept Of Visualization
Visualization is a mental image or a visual representation of an object or scene or person or abstraction
that is similar to visual perception [11]. Visualization has many definition but the most referred one, which is
found in literature is “the use of computer-supported, interactive, visual representations of data to amplify
cognition”, where cognition means the power of human perception or in simple words the acquisition or use of
knowledge [12] [13]. Visualization is a graphical representation that best conveys the complicated ideas clearly,
precisely, and efficiently. These graphical depictions are easily understood and interpret effectively [14] The
main goal of Visualization is to find out what insight. Visualization is the transformation of Symbolic
representation to geometric representation. The goal of visualization is to analyze, explore The visualization is a
powerful tool that can be use for different cognitive processes like exploratory, analytical and descriptive [15].
1.4 Spatial Data Warehouse
A data ware house (DW) [16, 17, 18] is a repository of subject oriented, integrated, and non-volatile
information whose aim is to support knowledge workers (executives, managers, analysts) to make better and
faster decisions. Data warehouses contain large amounts of information collected from a variety of independent
sources and are often maintained separately from the operational databases. Spatial data warehouses contain
geographic data, e.g., satellite images, aerial photographs [19, 20, 21, 22], in addition to non-spatial data.
Examples of spatial data ware houses include the US Census dataset [23], Earth Observation System archives of
satellite imagery [24], and Sequoia 2000 [25], and highway traffic measurement archives. The research on
spatial data warehouses has focused on case studies [26, 27] and on the per-dimension concept hierarchy [28]. A
major difference between conventional and spatial data warehouses lies in the visualization of the results.
Conventional data warehouse OLAP results are often shown as summary tables or spread sheets of text and
numbers, whereas in the case of spatial data warehouses the results may be albums of maps.
1.5 Spatial Data Mining
Spatial data mining is a process of discovering interesting and useful but implicit spatial patterns. With
the huge amount of spatial data obtained from satellite images, medical images, GIS, etc., it is a non-trivial task
for humans to explore spatial data in detail. Spatial datasets and patterns are abundant in many application
domains related to NASA, EPA, NIST, and USDOT. A key goal of spatial data mining
is to partially „automate‟ knowledge discovery, i.e. search for “nuggets” of information embedded in
very large quantities of spatial data. Efficient tools for extracting information [28] from spatial data sets can be
of importance to organizations which own, generate, and manage large geo-spatial data sets [28].
3. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 97 | Page
II. Literature Review
2.1 Process Of Visualization
The approach of designing well disciplined visualization the process can be divided into different steps.
The literature [29] “Chittaro, 2006” contains a list of six different steps i.e. mapping, selection, presentation,
interactivity, usability, and evaluation, which identifies major activities involving visualization, to aim precise
and error less design. The following subsection explains briefly these six activities:
1) First step of visualization process is known is Mapping. Mapping means how to visualize information or
how to encode information into visual form
2) Second step of visualization process is called Selection. Selection means to select data among those data
which is available according to the given task or job.
3) Third phase of the process is Presentation. In visualization perspective presentation means how to manage,
organize information in the available space on the screen effectively. After intuitive mapping, clear and
precise selection of data items it is really important to present it in more meaningful and understandable
form [30]
4) After creating usable visualization interface, the last step is to evaluate the created visual form. Evaluation
is equally important, to find out whether the visualization method has effectiveness or not, the goal is
achieved or not. The challenges confront visualization evaluation is proposed by Pleasant [31].
2.2 Challenges In Visualization
The creation or production of a perfect visualization method is a big challenge in order to fulfill all the
requirement of users. Visualization is suffering through many problems. In this perspective Chaomei Chen
introduce a very comprehensive document with the title “Top 10 Unsolved Information Visualization Problems”
[32]. When someone wants to produce as effective visualization technique, he/she should try to consider all the
discussed aspects. Usability issues are critical issues for visualization, which means how to make it easy to use
and efficient. The visualization should offer enough information and satisfied user. Understanding elementary
perceptual–cognitive tasks is the basic step regarding information visualization engineering, providing it
according to human perception capability. Requires Prior knowledge about method, how to operate and use it, it
should make it more generic, means the users have common understanding about techniques. Education and
Training is requires for the researchers and practitioners to share the basic principles and skills about
information visualization methods. The lack of intrinsic quality measures means there is no common evaluation
and selection mechanism plus the unavailability of bench marks undermine advances in visualization methods.
One of the long lasting problem is Scalability, how to manage huge visualization in available space, example
[33]. Researchers are much focus on scalability problem in data streams, which is explain by Wong et al, 2003
[34].
2.3 Types of Visualization Methods
Visualization techniques or methods are categorized differently by different authors. There is three
categories of visualization i.e. information visualization, software visualization, and Scientific visualization.
Scientific visualization helps to understand physical phenomena in data, mathematical models, in isosurfaces,
volume rendering, and glyphs etc.
2.3.1 Software Visualization
Helps people to learn the use of computer software, program visualization helps programmers to handle
complex software, and similarly algorithm animation support, encourage, and motivate student to learn the
computation capability of an algorithm.
2.3.2 Information Visualization is “the depiction of information using spatial or graphical representations
to facilitate comparison, pattern recognition, change detection, and other cognitive skills by making use of
visual system”. In periodic table of visualization six main categories are mentioned, i.e. it visually
represents quantitative data with or without axes in schematic or diagrammatic forms e.g. Table, Line chart,
Pie chart, Histogram, and Scatter plot etc. it is an interactive interface of data to increase cognition or
perception ability. Transform data into a changeable image, through which users can interact during
manipulation, e.g. Data map, Tree map, Clustering, Semantic network, Time line, and Venn/ Euler diagram
etc. there are various types of Information visualization are as follows
2.3.2.1 Parallel Coordinates
2.3.2.2 Tree Map
2.3.2.3Entity Relationship Diagram
4. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 98 | Page
2.3.2.4 Cone Tree
2.3.2.5 Time Line example of Flow Chart
2.3.2.6 Data Flow Diagram
2.3.2.7 Venn Diagram
2.3.2.8 Semantic Network
Fig: 2.3.2.1 Parallel Coordinates
Fig:2.3.2.2 Tree Map
Fig:2.3.2.3 Entity Relationship Diagram
5. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 99 | Page
Fig:2.3.2.4 Cone Tree
Fig:2.3.2.5 Time Line example of Flow Chart
Fig: 2.3.2.6 Data Flow Diagram
Fig: 2.3.2.7 Venn Diagram
6. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 100 | Page
Fig: 2.3.2.8 Semantic Network
2.3.3 Concept Visualizations are methods use to elaborate ideas, plan, concepts, and analyze it easily, e.g.
Mind map, Layer chart, Concentric circle, Decision tree, Pert chart etc.
2.3.4 Strategic Visualization is a systematic approach in which an organization visually represent it
strategies of development, formulation, communication, implementation, and some time its analysis, e.g.
Organizational chart, Strategy map, Failure tree, and Portfolio diagram etc.
2.3.5 Metaphor Visualization
Organizes and structure information graphically. They convey insight of information through key
characteristics of metaphor that is employed, e.g. Metro map, Story template, Funnel, and Tree etc. Compound
visualization is the complementary use of different graphic representation formats in one single schema or
frame, e.g. Cartoon, Rich picture, Knowledge map, and Learning map etc
2.3.6 Data Visualization
Visually represents quantitative data with or without axes in schematic or diagrammatic forms e.g.
Table, Line chart, Pie chart, Histogram, and Scatter plot etc
[35] [36]. There are various types of data visualization are as follows
2.3.6.1 Table
2.3.6.2 Pie Chart
2.3.6.3 Bar Chart
2.3.6.4 Histogram
2.3.6.5 Line Chart
2.3.6.6 Area Chart
2.3.6.7 Scatter Plot
2.3.6.8 Bubble Chart
2.3.6.9 Multiple Data Series
Fig: 2.3.6.1 Table
7. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 101 | Page
Fig: 2.3.6.2 Pie Chart
Fig: 2.3.6.3 Bar Chart
Fig: 2.3.6.4 Histogram
Fig: 2.3.6.5 Line Chart
8. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 102 | Page
Fig: 2.3.6.6 Area Chart
Fig: 2.3.6.7 Scatter Plot
Fig: 2.3.6.8 Bubble Chart
Fig: 2.3.6.9 Multiple Data Series
2.4 Applications Of Data Mining
Applications of data mining vary, depending on the nature of the data to be mined. Since its inception
data mining was used in various other fields. The classical application of data mining encompasses statistical
9. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 103 | Page
and probabilistic applications. These classical applications included for example, population census studies,
biosphere analysis, and marine life and oceanography.
2.4.1 Spatial Data Mining
Spatial databases are databases that have unique data; this data is about space and geometry, such as the
coordinates of earth, maps, and satellite data. This data is in the form of geological or geographical data. Such
databases are extremely large and the data seems for the most part unrelated, and without any signs or
correlations. Data mining is a natural candidate to find logic and make sense of such data. Data visualization,
which was discussed earlier, is another tool of data mining heavily used in spatial databases. Spatial databases
are also used in geographical for marketing, traffic control and analysis, and GIS systems [37].
2.4.2 Business Intelligence
Data mining help business intelligence in many ways and for that, it is one of the fundamental tools of
business intelligence. Business intelligence‟s (BI) goals are to gain a competitive advantage over competitors,
increase productivity and effectiveness of current business operations, and to maintain a balance and control of
risk management. Business intelligence is a usual task of any Enterprise Resource Planning ERP solution [38]
2.4.3 Text Mining
Another widely used application of data mining is text mining. Text mining deals with textual data
rather than records stored in a regular database. It is defined as an automated discovery of hidden patterns,
knowledge, or unknown information from textual data [39]. Most of data found on the World Wide Web WWW
is text, after distilling the multimedia elements; most of knowledge out there is text. Text mining utilizes
different techniques and methodologies, mostly linguistic and grammatical techniques, such as the Natural
Language Processing NLP.
2.4.4 Web Mining
With the revolution of the Internet that have changed how databases are used, this revolution brought
the term of web mining. Web mining is considered as a subfield of data mining, it‟s regarded as the vital web
technology that is used heavily to monitor and regulate web traffic. Web mining is further divided into three
main sub groups, web content mining, web structure mining, and web usage mining [40]. Web content mining is
the mining of content found on the web, this include metadata, multimedia, hyperlinks and text. Web structure
mining is considered with the Semantics and hyperlinks making up a website or a network
2.5 Tools
Data mining tools are basically software packages, whether integrated packages or individual packages.
These sophisticated software tools often require special data analysts. Such analysts are trained to use such
tools, as data mining itself is not a straightforward process
2.5.1 Data Mining Tools
Data mining tools are also called sift ware, for the sole reason that they „sift‟ through the dataset. Data
mining tools varies depending on level of their sophistication and projected level of accuracy. In 2008, the
global market for business intelligence software, data mining centric software, reached over 7.8 billion USD, a
vast amount. IBM SPSS is an example of business intelligence software package [41]; it is integrated data
mining software with diverse business intelligence capabilities. IBM also provides online services for web
mining, these services are called Surfaid Analytics; they provide sophisticated tools for web mining [42]. Other
data mining with business intelligence capabilities is Oracle Data Mining [43], a part of the company‟s flagship
RDBMS software suite.
2.5.2 Data Visualization Tools
For Data Visualization tools, we have checked IBM‟s Parallel Visual Explorer. This software package
is used for market analysis, oil exploration, engineering and aerospace applications, and agriculture to name a
few. For medical fields, Parallel Visual Explorer is used to analyze various effects of treatments on the immune
system. It helps in visualizing many different diverse effects on the patients‟ immune system [44]. For
manufacturing, this tool helps in monitoring the processing parameters. Process parameters are vital for
effective streamlined production. For agricultural usages, this tool helps in
Determining which seed to plant by analyzing the soil parameters with taking in consideration the
weather conditions. Finally, Parallel Visual Explorer is also used for market research such as providing visual
aids to help market analyst find customers trends, habits, and buying sprees. Vis5D [45] is a visualization
system used for 3D animated simulation of weather and geological data. Vis5D uses 5D arrays that contain the
10. A review on Visualization Approaches of Data mining in heavy spatial databases
DOI: 10.9790/0661-171595105 www.iosrjournals.org 104 | Page
time sequences of the 3D spatial datasets. Vis5D was incorporated into Cave5D through its extendable PLI
libraries. Cave5D and Vis5D have their limitations as only relatively medium to small datasets can be visualized
and animated at the same time.
(A) (B)
Fig:2 Cave5D(A),(B)
2.6 Data Mining In Future
Future trends for data mining lie in the hands of innovation and scientific breakthrough. As data mining
is both a difficult problem, and a relatively new problem that incorporates many interdisciplinary fields. We
shall see some new trends that will shape the way that data mining will be used in the upcoming future.
2.6.1 Data Mining Approach In Cloud Computing
A relatively new trend in utilizing and benefiting from data mining tools for middle-sized and small
enterprises, incapable of supporting a full-fledged data mining solution, is cloud computing based data mining
tools [46]. Because small and middle-sized enterprises usually lack the infrastructure and budget available for
large enterprises, they tend to try this new cost effective trend. Cloud computing promises to provide data
mining tools benefits at relatively lower costs form such small or middle sized enterprises. Cloud computing
provides web data warehousing facilities, were the actual data warehouse [47] [48] application is outsourced and
accessed entirely through the World Wide Web. Cloud based data mining also provides sophisticated mining
analysis of the dataset, comparable to actual data mining software, as the enterprise specifies and demands[49].
III. Conclusion
Visualization in data mining is really emerging and developing field, which includes many of fields
like text mining, machine learning, fuzzy logic having study area with many new innovational ideas and
research approaches and many of applications, has been developed in this field. And new application is being
developed for monitoring and summarizing the patterns of spatial data bases. Now a day‟s data mining and its
approaches in visualization is quite capable to solving any problem in engineering and scientific and research
And in this paper a brief review is taken over Visualization Approach of Data Mining in heavy spatial databases.
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