This document describes a project on a smoke detector that was submitted by three students - M. Bharath Kumar, M. Sai Kumar, and P. Hari. It includes an introduction to smoke detectors, the working principle, block diagram, components used, code, advantages, and conclusion. The smoke detector circuit uses an MQ-2 smoke sensor and NodeMCU to detect smoke and display the smoke level on a LCD. When smoke is detected beyond a threshold, a buzzer sounds as an alarm. The project aims to easily detect smoke for protection purposes.
This system is based on sensors and microcontroller. The features are to detect the obstacle for collision avoidance and it detects the object in directions left, right, down and front. The system is composed of the ultrasonic sensor, IR sensor and Arduino Mega 2560. It has a low cost and lightweight system design. By using these three items, it senses the distance with sensors and the blind stick frame is designed. And then send distance data to Arduino mega2560 controller. In emergency situations, the blind walker knows the distance or safe area for themselves. Ma Naing | Nwe Nwe Oo | May Thwe Oo "Smart Blind Walking Stick Using Arduino" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26601.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26601/smart-blind-walking-stick-using-arduino/ma-naing
This system is based on sensors and microcontroller. The features are to detect the obstacle for collision avoidance and it detects the object in directions left, right, down and front. The system is composed of the ultrasonic sensor, IR sensor and Arduino Mega 2560. It has a low cost and lightweight system design. By using these three items, it senses the distance with sensors and the blind stick frame is designed. And then send distance data to Arduino mega2560 controller. In emergency situations, the blind walker knows the distance or safe area for themselves. Ma Naing | Nwe Nwe Oo | May Thwe Oo "Smart Blind Walking Stick Using Arduino" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd26601.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/26601/smart-blind-walking-stick-using-arduino/ma-naing
IOT Based Patient Health Monitoring System Using WIFIijtsrd
Health is given the extreme importance now a days by each country with the advent of the novel corona virus. So in this aspect, an IOT based patient health monitoring system is the best solution for such an epidemic. With an improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. As a result, this project is an attempt to solve a health care problem currently society is facing covid 19.The main objective of the project was to design for to reduce the corona virus, reduce the components and man power. The framework can be utilized to constantly screen the wellbeing parameters of a patient. The body temperature, heart rate and spo2 can be measured from anyplace on the globe utilizing IOT Internet of Things . IOT monitoring of health helps in preventing the spread of disease as well as to get a proper diagnosis of the state of health, even if the doctor is at far distance. We proposed a nonstop checking and control instrument to screen the patient condition and store the patient information’s in server utilizing Wi Fi Module based remote correspondence. Hence the proposed architecture collects the sensor data through ESP32 microcontroller and relays it to the WIFI where it is processed and analyzed for remote viewing. Feedback actions based on the analyzed data can be sent back to the doctor or guardian through Google sheet and or SMS alerts in case of any emergencies. Marupuri Usha Priya | Muthu Pandi K | Priya S | Dr. Kishore Kumar Arjunsingh "IOT Based Patient Health Monitoring System Using WIFI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45143.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/45143/iot-based-patient-health-monitoring-system-using-wifi/marupuri-usha-priya
An example of a technical presentation given by Finnish engineering students. The students were taught slide design as part of their English Language course.
FIRE DETECTION AND ELETRICAL POWER ON/OFF CONTROL IN HOME/INDUSTRY USING GSMSaikiran Perfect
The idea behind this project is to use the existing GSM infrastructure. So, all the operations involve the GSM system also. As we send any SMS, it goes through the GSM system. Any sent SMS can be received if we use a SIM card and GSM module. To operate any GSM modem, we have to use the AT commands to operate them. For example, if any SMS arrives the GSM modem sends the serial data in ASCII format. We can read these data if we connect the modem with the serial port of the microcontroller at the baud rate of 9600. As the microcontroller comes to know that a SMS has been arrived, it can sent a proper AT command to read the SMS. The reading of SMS returns the mobile number of sender, the time and much more information. We have to select the SMS part of the message. The starting string of the SMS is used as the password. As the password is matched, then the SMS arrival is assumed to be valid by the microcontroller otherwise, it ignores the SMS. Working of “FIRE DETECTION AND ELETRICAL POWER ON/OFF CONTROL IN HOME/INDUSTRY USING GSM” is very simple.
Minor Project Report: Automatic Door Control SystemSaban Kumar K.C.
This minor project is based on the automatic door control system used in a room or hall based on IR sensor. This project is applicable at such places where the people are busy and people are in large number.
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino with SMS Alert - Engineering ProjectCircuitsToday
Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino and MQ5 Gas Sensor - with GSM Module for SMS Alerts and Sound Alarm - Ideal for Engineering Project and Seminar Presentation - Read Full Article here - http://www.circuitstoday.com/gas-leakage-detector-using-arduino-with-sms-alert -
Now a days 90% of accidents happening due to silly reason of alcohol drinking. so we introduce this project for saftey of people and preventing accidents due to alcohol consumption.
IOT Based Patient Health Monitoring System Using WIFIijtsrd
Health is given the extreme importance now a days by each country with the advent of the novel corona virus. So in this aspect, an IOT based patient health monitoring system is the best solution for such an epidemic. With an improvement in technology and miniaturization of sensors, there have been attempts to utilize the new technology in various areas to improve the quality of human life. As a result, this project is an attempt to solve a health care problem currently society is facing covid 19.The main objective of the project was to design for to reduce the corona virus, reduce the components and man power. The framework can be utilized to constantly screen the wellbeing parameters of a patient. The body temperature, heart rate and spo2 can be measured from anyplace on the globe utilizing IOT Internet of Things . IOT monitoring of health helps in preventing the spread of disease as well as to get a proper diagnosis of the state of health, even if the doctor is at far distance. We proposed a nonstop checking and control instrument to screen the patient condition and store the patient information’s in server utilizing Wi Fi Module based remote correspondence. Hence the proposed architecture collects the sensor data through ESP32 microcontroller and relays it to the WIFI where it is processed and analyzed for remote viewing. Feedback actions based on the analyzed data can be sent back to the doctor or guardian through Google sheet and or SMS alerts in case of any emergencies. Marupuri Usha Priya | Muthu Pandi K | Priya S | Dr. Kishore Kumar Arjunsingh "IOT Based Patient Health Monitoring System Using WIFI" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-5 | Issue-5 , August 2021, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd45143.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/45143/iot-based-patient-health-monitoring-system-using-wifi/marupuri-usha-priya
An example of a technical presentation given by Finnish engineering students. The students were taught slide design as part of their English Language course.
FIRE DETECTION AND ELETRICAL POWER ON/OFF CONTROL IN HOME/INDUSTRY USING GSMSaikiran Perfect
The idea behind this project is to use the existing GSM infrastructure. So, all the operations involve the GSM system also. As we send any SMS, it goes through the GSM system. Any sent SMS can be received if we use a SIM card and GSM module. To operate any GSM modem, we have to use the AT commands to operate them. For example, if any SMS arrives the GSM modem sends the serial data in ASCII format. We can read these data if we connect the modem with the serial port of the microcontroller at the baud rate of 9600. As the microcontroller comes to know that a SMS has been arrived, it can sent a proper AT command to read the SMS. The reading of SMS returns the mobile number of sender, the time and much more information. We have to select the SMS part of the message. The starting string of the SMS is used as the password. As the password is matched, then the SMS arrival is assumed to be valid by the microcontroller otherwise, it ignores the SMS. Working of “FIRE DETECTION AND ELETRICAL POWER ON/OFF CONTROL IN HOME/INDUSTRY USING GSM” is very simple.
Minor Project Report: Automatic Door Control SystemSaban Kumar K.C.
This minor project is based on the automatic door control system used in a room or hall based on IR sensor. This project is applicable at such places where the people are busy and people are in large number.
This was one of my Diploma in Engineering Projects.
It's a Voice controlled Home Automation System which works with the Internet. Which means you can control your home appliances from anywhere.
I did the Presentation for the Home Automation System. I was also one of the core team members who made it happen.
Here are the complete powerpoint slides.
Thank You
Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino with SMS Alert - Engineering ProjectCircuitsToday
Gas Leakage Detector using Arduino and MQ5 Gas Sensor - with GSM Module for SMS Alerts and Sound Alarm - Ideal for Engineering Project and Seminar Presentation - Read Full Article here - http://www.circuitstoday.com/gas-leakage-detector-using-arduino-with-sms-alert -
Now a days 90% of accidents happening due to silly reason of alcohol drinking. so we introduce this project for saftey of people and preventing accidents due to alcohol consumption.
Zigbee based intelligent helemet for coal miners pptVenkatesh Kaduru
This one is the useful project for embedded students..and it is the real time project ...
so guys u can download and implement with your useful thoughts ...
Safety is a crucial consideration in design of residential and commercial buildings in order to
safeguard against loss of life and damage to property. Fire is a key element in safety
considerations.
This project therefore seeks to design a arduino based smoke detector fan that will continuously
monitor the presence of significant amount of smoke and activate a fan to draw out a smoke to
contain the situation.
Design and Implementation of Automatic Fire Fighting for Building using Perip...ijtsrd
In this project, we have designed and implemented automatic fire fighting for building using PIC. It intended to prevent accidents and emergency cases of fire. It consists of gas sensor for detecting the fire, temperature sensor for sensing the environmental temperature, relay driver for pump control, alarm system and fire extinguishing system. When the temperature sensor detects a predefined temperature, the LED and buzzer will be turn on. When the smoke detector gas sensor senses a certain amount of smoke, the LED and buzzer will turn on. If both the temperature and smoke reach a predefined level, the alarm will ring and the extinguishing system will also activate, too. The advantage of this project is to reduce the amount of damages done by fire. The weak point of this project is the power supply using AC, so it will not work when electricity is out. Tin Tin Ohn | May Thet Htar | Pyae Phyo Swe "Design and Implementation of Automatic Fire-Fighting for Building using Peripheral Interface Controller" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-5 , August 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd27872.pdfPaper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electrical-engineering/27872/design-and-implementation-of-automatic-fire-fighting-for-building-using-peripheral-interface-controller/tin-tin-ohn
Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting System using IOT Basedijtsrd
In our day to day life electric power is more important and the power generating many more types. And one of its mining So our project fully based on mine safety and alerting system with uses of IOT Internet Of Things . Hear we used a robot for analyzing the danger in undergoing mining. So we are going to use LDR sensor, GAS sensor, RF sensor, LM35 temperature sensor and micro camera for visualization for controller operating the robot. Now we see uses of sensor LDR light dependent resistor when LDR is dark place its resistances is high and, when the LDR is light places its resistances is low, GAS sensor is used for identify the carbon dioxide percentage in mining places, the mine engineers work in underground so the LM35 sensor used to measuring the temperature, RF is master controller and it will be rise the massage on IOT. So we conclude that it will be useful for mine engineering safety. R. Karthick | R. T Ajaykarthik | D. R. P Rajarathnam | S. Sanjay | R. Tamil Kumaran | R. Sriram "Coal Mine Safety Monitoring and Alerting System using IOT Based" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-6 | Issue-4 , June 2022, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd50274.pdf Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/mechanical-engineering/50274/coal-mine-safety-monitoring-and-alerting-system-using-iot-based/r-karthick
GAS SENSOR
The liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) sensor is suitable for sensing LPG (composed of mostly propane and butane) concentration in the air. This can be used in Gas Leakage Detection equipment for detecting the ISO-butane, Propane, LNG combustible Gases. If output goes above the preset range, indication will be shown as high otherwise it will remain in idle condition
APPLICATION OF GAS SENSOR
It is used in industries to monitor the concentration of the toxic gases
It is used in house hold to detect an emergency incident
It is used in detecting fire
It is used to checked concentration of gases in mines
It is used breath analyzer
It is used in air quality check at office
It is used in hotel to avoid customer from smoking
IoT Based Detection of Leakages in Gas Pipesijtsrd
In industries leakage of Gas in the pipeline is a major issue nowadays. Leakage is defined as the accidental admission or escape of fluid through a hole or crack from the pipe. Gas leakages lead to losses as well as fire accidents. This project takes the control over automatic detection of leakages than the man power and thus reduce loss. Here we propose an inventive robot that clings on to the outer surface of the gas pipe and moves along the pipe to check for leakages. The kit consists of MQ5 gas sensor to detect the gas leakages. The robot moves continuously along the metal pipe, if there any presence of leakage the particular position is sensed by ultrasonic sensor and the message is send to the IOT through Wi Fi module. P. Anitha | K. Saranya ""IoT Based Detection of Leakages in Gas Pipes"" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-3 | Issue-4 , June 2019, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd23722.pdf
Paper URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/engineering/electronics-and-communication-engineering/23722/iot-based-detection-of-leakages-in-gas-pipes/p-anitha
Delivering Micro-Credentials in Technical and Vocational Education and TrainingAG2 Design
Explore how micro-credentials are transforming Technical and Vocational Education and Training (TVET) with this comprehensive slide deck. Discover what micro-credentials are, their importance in TVET, the advantages they offer, and the insights from industry experts. Additionally, learn about the top software applications available for creating and managing micro-credentials. This presentation also includes valuable resources and a discussion on the future of these specialised certifications.
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Safalta Digital marketing institute in Noida, provide complete applications that encompass a huge range of virtual advertising and marketing additives, which includes search engine optimization, virtual communication advertising, pay-per-click on marketing, content material advertising, internet analytics, and greater. These university courses are designed for students who possess a comprehensive understanding of virtual marketing strategies and attributes.Safalta Digital Marketing Institute in Noida is a first choice for young individuals or students who are looking to start their careers in the field of digital advertising. The institute gives specialized courses designed and certification.
for beginners, providing thorough training in areas such as SEO, digital communication marketing, and PPC training in Noida. After finishing the program, students receive the certifications recognised by top different universitie, setting a strong foundation for a successful career in digital marketing.
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A review of the growth of the Israel Genealogy Research Association Database Collection for the last 12 months. Our collection is now passed the 3 million mark and still growing. See which archives have contributed the most. See the different types of records we have, and which years have had records added. You can also see what we have for the future.
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Prepare a presentation or a paper using research, basic comparative analysis, data organization and application of economic information. You will make an informed assessment of an economic climate outside of the United States to accomplish an entertainment industry objective.
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A Project Reports On SMOKE DETECTOR
1. i
A project reports
On
SMOKE DETECTOR
Submitted by
M.BHARATH KUMAR 180069020
M.SAI KUMAR 180069021
P. HARI 180069023
Sec -1 Batch – 18
II/IV BACHELOR OF TECHNOLOGY
IN
Department of ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
K L UNIVERSITY: VADDESWARAM 522502
APRIL 2020
2. ii
K L UNIVERSITY
DEPARTMENT OF ELECTRICAL AND ELECTRONICS
ENGINEERING
Analog Electronics Circuit Design (18 EC 2103)
CERTIFICATE
This is to certify that Mr. M. BHARATH KUMAR – 180069020, Mr
. M.SAI KUMAR – 180069021, Mr. P. HARI – 180069023 of section 1
studying II/ IV B.Tech in EEE has satisfactorily completed
project SMOKE DETECTOR in the semester IV during the
academic year 2019 – 2020
COURSE INSTRUCTOR COURSE COORDINATOR
SIGNATURE OF HOD
3. iii
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
We express great pleasure for me to express my gratitude to our honourable
President Sri. Koneru Satyanarayana, for providing the opportunity and
platform with facilities in accomplishing the project based laboratory. We express
the sincere gratitude to our principal Dr. k. Subbarao for his administration
and platform towards our academic growth.
We express sincere gratitude to our Head of the department EEE Dr. S. V.N.
LALITHA for her leadership and constant motivation provided in successful
completion of our academic semester. We record it as our privilege to deeply
thank for providing us the efficient faculty and facilities to make our ideas into
reality.
We express my sincere thanks to our project supervisor Mr. KASI UDAY
KIRAN for his novel association of ideas, encouragement, appreciation and
Intellectual zeal which motivated us to venture this project successfully.
We are pleased to acknowledge the indebtedness to our lab technicians who
devoted themselves directly or indirectly to make this project success.
Last but not least we express our deep gratitude and affection to our parents who
stood behind us in all our endeavours.
M.BHARATH KUMAR 180096020
4. iv
M.SAI KUMAR 180069021
P. HARI 180069023
INDEX
1 Abstract v
2 Introduction Vi
3 Principle vii
4 Block Diagram viii
5 Construction ix
6 Components Required X
7 Working xi-xxii
8 Code xxiii- xxiv
9 Advantages Xxv
10 Output Xxv
5. v
11 Conclusion xxvi
ABSTRACT
Approximation methods exist to provide estimates of smoke detector response
based on optical density, temperature rise, and gas velocity thresholds. The
objective of this study was to assess the uncertainty associated with three
estimation methods. Experimental data was used to evaluate recommended alarm
thresholds and to quantify the associated error. With few exceptions less than 50
percent of the predicted alarm times occurred within 60 seconds of the
experimental alarms. At best errors of 20 to 60 percent (in underprediction)
occurred for soldering fires using an optical density threshold. For flaming fires,
errors in predicted alarm times on the order of 100 to 1000 percent in over
prediction of the experimental alarms were common. Overall, none of the
approximation methods distinguished themselves as vastly supervisor. Great care
must be exercised when applying these approximation methods to ensure that
uncertainty in the predicted alarm times is appropriately considered.
6. vi
INTRODUCTION ABOUT THIS PROJECT
A smoke detector is a device that sense smoke, typically as an indicator of
fire. Commercial security devices issue a signal to a fire alarm control panel as a
part of a fire alarm system, while household smoke detectors, also known as
smoke alarms, generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector
itself or several detectors if there are multiple smoke detectors interlinked.
Smoke detectors are housed in plastic enclousers, smoke detectors are typically
shaped like a disk or square about 150 millimeters (6 in) in diameter and 25
millimeters (1 in) thick, but shape and size vary. Smoke can be detected either
optically (photoelectric) or by physical process (ionization): detectors may use
either, or both, methods. Sensitive alarms can be used to detect, and thus deter,
smoking in areas where it is banned. Smoke detectors in large commercial,
industrial, and residential buildings are usually powered by a central fire alarm
system, which is powered by the building power with a battery backup. Domestic
smoke detectors range from individual battery-powered units, to several
interlinked mains-powered units with battery backup; with these interlinked units,
if any unit detects smoke, all trigger even if household power has gone out.
.
7. vii
PRINCIPLE:
The detector must be screwed to your ceiling because that's where smoke heads
for when something starts to burn. Fire generates hot gases and because these are
less dense (thinner—or weigh less per unit of volume) than ordinary air they rise
upward, swirling tiny smoke particles up too. As you can see in the photo up
above, the detector has slits around its case (1), which lead to the main detection
chamber. An invisible, infared light beam, similar to the ones that Tom Cruise
dodged, shoots into the chamber from a light-emitting diode (LED) (2). The
same chamber contains a photocell (3), which is an electronic light detector that
generates electricity when light falls on it. Normally, when there is no smoke
about, the light beam from the LED does not reach the detector. An electronic
circuit (4), monitoring the photocell, detects that all is well, and nothing happens.
The alarm (5) remains silent.
But if a fire breaks out, smoke enters the chamber (6) and scatters some of the
light beam (7) into the photocell (3). This triggers the circuit (8), setting off the
shrill and nasty alarm (9) that wakes you up and saves your life
8. viii
BLOCK DIAGRAM:
Simple Smoke Detector Alarm circuit using MQ02 designed with few easily
available components. Main part of this circuit is Gas sensor MQ-02 which is
capable of detecting Smoke, LPG, Propane and Hydrogen. It can be used in
different types of applications where the smoke and other mentioned gas leak
detection required.
The following prototype is a test circuit and it can be constructed through
breakout board and PCB after calibration of each components. This smoke
detector circuit will produce visible and audible alert when smoke detected.
10. x
In this Smoke Detector Circuit with Arduino, we have used a MQ2 Gas Sensor
to detect preset smoke in the air. A 16x2 LCD is used for displaying the PPM
value of Smoke. And an LM358 IC for converting smoke sensor output into
digital form (this function is optional). A buzzer is placed as an alarm which gets
triggered when smoke level goes beyond 1000 PPM.
Circuit connections for this project are very simple, we have a Comparator
Circuit for comparing output voltage of smoke sensor with preset voltage (output
connected at pin D7). Also smoke sensor output is connected at an analog pin of
Arduino (A0). Buzzer is connected at Pin D9. And LCD connections are same as
Arduino LCD examples that are available in Arduino IDE (12, 11, 5, 4, 3, 2).
Remaining connections are shown in the circuit diagram.
11. xi
COMPONENTS REQUIRED: -
*NODEMCU
*Bread Board
*MQ-2 Smoke Sensor
*Jumper Wires
*Red Led
*Green Led
*Resistor
NODEMCU:
NodeMCU is an open-source electronics platform based on
easy-to-use hardware and software. Arduino boards are able to read
inputs - light on a sensor, a finger on a button, or a Twitter message
- and turn it into an output - activating a motor, turning on an LED,
publishing something online.
In this crystal ball project arduino is used to display the message on
the LCD according to the code written in the arduino software,
Whenever the tilt switch senses the moment of bread board and
sends the signals to the arduino.
MQ-2 SMOKE SENSOR: -
12. xii
Give your next Arduino project a nose for gasses with
the MQ2 Gas Sensor Module. This is a robust Gas sensor suitable for sensing
LPG, Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and Carbon Mono xide
concentrations in the air. If you are planning on creating an indoor air quality
monitoring system; breath checker or early fire detection system, MQ2 Gas
Sensor Module is a great choice.
MQ2 is one of the commonly used gas sensors in MQ sensor series.
It is a Metal Oxide Semiconductor (MOS) type Gas Sensor also known as
Chemiresistors as the detection is based upon change of resistance of the sensing
material when the Gas comes in contact with the material. Using a simple voltage
divider network, concentrations of gas can be detected.
MQ-2 SENSOR
MQ2 Gas sensor works on 5V DC and draws around 800mW. It can detect LPG,
Smoke, Alcohol, Propane, Hydrogen, Methane and Carbon Monoxi de
concentrations anywhere from 200 to 10000ppm.
Here are the complete specifications
13. xiii
Operating Voltage 5v
Load Resistance 20 KΩ
Heater Resistance 33Ω ± 5%
Heating Consumption <800mw
Sensing Resistance 10 KΩ – 60 KΩ
Concentration Scope 200 – 10000ppm
Preheat Time Over 24 hours
Internal structure of MQ2 Gas Sensor
The sensor is actually enclosed in two layers of fine stainless steel mesh called
Anti-explosion network. It ensures that heater element inside the sensor will not
cause an explosion, as we are sensing flammable gases.
It also provides protection for the sensor and
filters out suspended particles so that only gaseous elements are able to pass inside
the chamber. The mesh is bound to rest of the body via a copper plated clamping
ring.
14. xiv
This is how the sensor looks like when outer mesh is
removed. The star-shaped structure is formed by the sensing element and six
connecting legs that extend beyond the Bakelite base. Out of six, two leads (H)
are responsible for heating the sensing element and are connected through
Nickel-Chromium coil, well known conductive alloy.
The remaining four leads (A & B) responsible for output signals are connected
using Platinum Wires. These wires are connected to the body of the sensing
element and convey small changes in the current that passes through the sensing
element.
15. xv
The tubular sensing element is made up of
Aluminum Oxide (AL2O3) based ceramic and has a coating of Tin Dioxide
(SnO2). The Tin Dioxide is the most important material being sensitive towards
combustible gases. However, the ceramic substrate merely increases heating
efficiency and ensures the sensor area is heated to a working temperature
constantly.
16. xvi
So, the Nickel-Chromium coil and Aluminum Oxide based ceramic forms
a Heating System; while Platinum wires and coating of Tin Dioxide forms a
Sensing System.
How does a gas sensor work?
When tin dioxide (semiconductor particles) is heated in air at high temperature,
oxygen is adsorbed on the surface. In clean air, donor electrons in tin dioxide are
attracted toward oxygen which is adsorbed on the surface of the sensing material.
This prevents electric current flow.
In the presence of reducing gases, the surface density of adsorbed oxygen
decreases as it reacts with the reducing gases. Electrons are then released into the
tin dioxide, allowing current to flow freely through the sensor
Hardware Overview – MQ2 Gas Sensor
Module
Since MQ2 Gas Sensor is not breadboard compatible, we do recommend this
handy little breakout board. It’s very easy to use and comes with two different
outputs. It not only provides a binary indication of the presence of combustible
gases but also an analog representation of their concentration in air.
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The analog output voltage provided by the sensor changes in proportional to the
concentration of smoke/gas. The greater the gas concentration, the higher is the
output voltage; while lesser gas concentration results in low output voltage. The
following animation illustrates the relationship between gas concentration and
output voltage
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VCC supplies power for the module. You can connect it to 5V output from your
Arduino.
GND is the Ground Pin and needs to be connected to GND pin on the Arduino.
D0 provides a digital representation of the presence of combustible gases.
A0 provides analog output voltage in proportional to the concentration of
smoke/gas.
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RESISTOR:
PASSIVE BUZZER:
A buzzer or beeper is an audio signalling device, which may be mechanical,
electromechanical, or piezoelectric (piezo for short). Typical uses of buzzers and
Beepers include alarm devices, timers, and confirmation of user input.
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JUMPER WIRES:
The term "jumper wire" simply refers to a conducting wire that establishes an
electrical connection between two points in a circuit. You can use jumper wires
to modify a circuit or to diagnose problems in a circuit. The following steps
outline how you can safely use jumper wires in different electrical applications.
Connecting Wires:
Connecting wires allows an electrical current to travel from one point on a circuit
to another because electricity needs a medium through which it can move. Most
of the connecting wires are made up of copper or aluminum.
In this crystal ball project connecting wires are used to connect the circuit.
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WORKING
How does it Work?
The voltage that the sensor outputs changes accordingly to the smoke/gas level
that exists in the atmosphere. The sensor outputs a voltage that is proportional to
the concentration of smoke/gas.
In other words, the relationship between voltage and gas concentration is the
following:
• The greater the gas concentration, the greater the output voltage
• The lower the gas concentration, the lower the output voltage
The output can be an analog signal (A0) that can be read with an analog input of
the Arduino or a digital output (D0) that can be read with a digital input of the
Arduino.
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Working Mechanism
Pin Wiring:
The MQ-2 sensor has 4 pins.
Pin-------------------------------------Wiring to Arduino Uno
A0-------------------------------------Analog pins
D0-------------------------------------Digital pins
GND-----------------------------------GND
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ADVANTAGES: -
A. User friendly: we can edit the code whenever we want to change tone of the
button.
B. efficiency:it uses less power of only 5v.
C. portable: it is very small to carry wherever you go
D. Future Enhancement:
This technology could be further modified and more upgraded as per individual
need and interest. We have discussed some basic ideas of this technology. And
depending on innovative applications user can upgrade as per requirement.
• detection of low energy fires
• detection that is faster than heat detectors for most fires
• are preferred in life safety applications
OUTPUT: -
Hence the experiment of SMOKE DETECTOR is done by using MQ-2
smoke detecting sensor successfully and it is is displayed.
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CONCLUSION
This model can be used very easily instead of very large pianos and by installing
a few more components we can make it very lighter and very easier to play and
it will be very easier for the beginner in learning of piano.
• Smoke detector is one of the cheaper and easiest one.
• Most of industries use it, because it works fatly to protect, and it is most
effective.
• Using this we can easily detect the smoke.
• LDS provide the location of leakages without any persons a different place.