The document describes a project that measures distances using an ultrasonic transducer interfaced with an 8051 microcontroller, suitable for inaccessible areas. The ultrasonic sensor operates at 40 kHz, calculating the distance based on the time taken for the sound waves to reflect off an object and return. This system has applications in automotive parking sensors and terrain monitoring robots, displaying measured distance on an LCD screen.

1. presented BY:
M.VIJAYAKUMAR(9915004089)
DARVIN SUBASH
AKASH PRIYATHARSAN
Department of CSE, KARE

2.  It is designed to measure the distance of any object by using an ultrasonic
transducer.
 Ultrasonic means of distance measurement is a convenient method compared to
traditional one using measurement scales.
 This kind of measurement is particularly applicable to inaccessible areas where
traditional means cannot be implemented such as high temperature, pressure zones
etc.

3.  It uses an ultrasonic module interfaced to a microcontroller of 8051 family.
 An ultrasonic transducer comprising of a transmitter and receiver are used.
 The transmitted waves are reflected back from the object and received by the
transducer again.
 The total time taken from sending the waves to receiving it is calculated by taking
into consideration the velocity of sound.
 Then the distance is calculated by a program running on the microcontroller and
displayed on an LCD screen interfaced to the microcontroller.
 The ultrasonic sensor produces 40 kHz sound waves.

5.  The project uses a pair of ultrasonic transducers comprising of 1 transmitter and 1
receiver.
 The transmitter can deliver 40 KHz ultrasonic sound while the maximum receiver
is design to accept only 40KHz sound waves.
 When ever an obstacle obstructs the signals of ultrasonic transmitter it reflects the
signal towards the ultra sonic receiver.
 The program is so written in MC to calculate the distance getting from ultrasonic
module.
 The distance measurement which is seen on LCD displays the distance in cms.

6.  8051 series Microcontroller
 LCD
 Transformer
 Diodes
 Bridge Rectifier
 Voltage Regulator
 Resistors
 Capacitors
 Ultrasonic Transducers.

7.  Keil compiler
 Language: Embedded C or Assembly

8.  Ultrasonic sensors (also known as transceivers) work on a principle similar to
radar or sonar which evaluate attributes of a target by interpreting the echoes from
radio or sound waves respectively.
 Ultrasonic sensors generate high frequency sound waves and evaluate the echo
which is received back by the sensor.
 Ultrasonic generators use piezoelectric materials such as zinc or lead zirconium
tartrates or quartz crystal.
 The material thickness decides the resonant frequency when mounted and excited
by electrodes attached on either side of it.
 The medical scanners used for abdomen or heart ultrasound are designed at 2.5
MHz. In this circuit, a 40 kHz transducer is used for object detection in the air
medium.

9.  Initially burn the program to the microcontroller.
 Now give the connections as per the circuit diagram.
 While giving the connections make sure that Vcc of ultrasonic module is
connected to 5V DC.
 Switch on the board supply.
 Place the obstacle in front the ultrasonic module, now you can observe the distance
on LCD.
 Switch off the board supply.

10.  Used to measure the obstacle distance.
 This system used in automotive parking sensors and obstacle warning systems.
 Used in terrain monitoring robots.