This formula is an attempt at designing a template for writing a thesis
The formula has been developed with the new researcher in mind
The overall concept is designed to be simple, yet effective
An aim of this formula seeks to streamline each chapter by implementing a layering approach to the process using a colour coding system.
The overall goal is to create fluidity through out the researchers overall thesis.
This document provides an overview of narrative research. It discusses how narrative research is concerned with how individuals make sense of the world through stories. It outlines the history of narrative psychology, including influential books in the field. It describes key characteristics of narrative research such as flexibility, focusing on individual experiences, collecting stories, and collaborating with participants. It also discusses types of narrative designs, data collection methods, analyzing narratives, and addressing ethical concerns regarding story authenticity and memory accuracy.
TSL3133 Topic 10 Data Collection ConsiderationsYee Bee Choo
This document discusses key considerations for data collection in action research projects, including sampling, personal bias, validity, reliability, triangulation, member checking, and ethics. It defines these terms and provides examples and guidelines for how to address each consideration to ensure high-quality data collection and analysis. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of minimizing bias, establishing validity and reliability, using multiple data sources and analysis methods (triangulation), having participants review findings (member checking), and protecting participants' identities and well-being (ethics).
STANDARD STYLES IN RELATED LITERATURE CITATIONS OR REFERENCES.pptxKarenGraceAGLANAO
The document discusses several aspects of intercultural competence and proper citation practices. It defines intercultural competence as the ability to interact harmoniously with people from different cultural backgrounds. It also discusses the importance of citing sources, describing various citation styles like APA and MLA, as well as techniques for citing like integral citation, non-integral citation, and quoting. The document stresses properly citing sources to avoid plagiarism and respect other authors and their work.
This document provides an analysis of symbolism in T.S. Eliot's poetry. It discusses various symbols and themes in Eliot's work The Waste Land such as the barren landscape representing a spiritually dead society, broken images symbolizing the fragmented mind of modern man, and the unreal city of London depicting its hypocritical and mechanical nature. Overall, the document analyzes how Eliot used symbolic and paradoxical imagery to critique modern post-WWI society and its lack of religious and spiritual fulfillment.
The document summarizes a presentation on Ngugi wa Thiong'o's novel Petals of Blood from a feminist perspective. It discusses the author, novel, history of feminism in Kenya, and depicts how the novel portrays feminist ideas. It analyzes how the novel shows the exploitation and oppression of women under colonialism and patriarchy through characters like Wanja. The presentation examines the positive and negative aspects of the female characters and concludes that the novel provides commentary on gender inequality and women's resistance in post-colonial Kenyan society.
This document summarizes and provides examples of five qualitative research approaches: narrative study, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study. For each approach, a sample study is described that illustrates the key features and analytical process. The narrative study examines the experiences of a Chinese immigrant student. The phenomenology explores the lived experiences of individuals with AIDS. The grounded theory builds a theoretical model to explain physical activity among African American women. The ethnography analyzes how British Pakistani and Bangladeshi young men make sense of social and cultural exclusions. Finally, the case study provides an in-depth understanding of practices used by a teacher with students experiencing school failure.
1. Qualitative data analysis involves coding texts to identify patterns, which turns qualitative data into quantitative codes. The purpose is to produce findings by analyzing data, interpreting patterns, and presenting conclusions.
2. Analyzing qualitative data is challenging due to the massive amounts of information collected. The process involves reducing the volume of data, identifying significant patterns, and developing a framework to communicate what the data reveals.
3. Rigorous analysis depends on gathering high-quality data, the credibility of the researcher, and a philosophical belief in qualitative inquiry. Common stages of analysis include familiarization, coding, identifying themes, re-coding, developing categories, exploring relationships, and reporting findings.
This document provides an overview of narrative research. It discusses how narrative research is concerned with how individuals make sense of the world through stories. It outlines the history of narrative psychology, including influential books in the field. It describes key characteristics of narrative research such as flexibility, focusing on individual experiences, collecting stories, and collaborating with participants. It also discusses types of narrative designs, data collection methods, analyzing narratives, and addressing ethical concerns regarding story authenticity and memory accuracy.
TSL3133 Topic 10 Data Collection ConsiderationsYee Bee Choo
This document discusses key considerations for data collection in action research projects, including sampling, personal bias, validity, reliability, triangulation, member checking, and ethics. It defines these terms and provides examples and guidelines for how to address each consideration to ensure high-quality data collection and analysis. Specifically, it emphasizes the importance of minimizing bias, establishing validity and reliability, using multiple data sources and analysis methods (triangulation), having participants review findings (member checking), and protecting participants' identities and well-being (ethics).
STANDARD STYLES IN RELATED LITERATURE CITATIONS OR REFERENCES.pptxKarenGraceAGLANAO
The document discusses several aspects of intercultural competence and proper citation practices. It defines intercultural competence as the ability to interact harmoniously with people from different cultural backgrounds. It also discusses the importance of citing sources, describing various citation styles like APA and MLA, as well as techniques for citing like integral citation, non-integral citation, and quoting. The document stresses properly citing sources to avoid plagiarism and respect other authors and their work.
This document provides an analysis of symbolism in T.S. Eliot's poetry. It discusses various symbols and themes in Eliot's work The Waste Land such as the barren landscape representing a spiritually dead society, broken images symbolizing the fragmented mind of modern man, and the unreal city of London depicting its hypocritical and mechanical nature. Overall, the document analyzes how Eliot used symbolic and paradoxical imagery to critique modern post-WWI society and its lack of religious and spiritual fulfillment.
The document summarizes a presentation on Ngugi wa Thiong'o's novel Petals of Blood from a feminist perspective. It discusses the author, novel, history of feminism in Kenya, and depicts how the novel portrays feminist ideas. It analyzes how the novel shows the exploitation and oppression of women under colonialism and patriarchy through characters like Wanja. The presentation examines the positive and negative aspects of the female characters and concludes that the novel provides commentary on gender inequality and women's resistance in post-colonial Kenyan society.
This document summarizes and provides examples of five qualitative research approaches: narrative study, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study. For each approach, a sample study is described that illustrates the key features and analytical process. The narrative study examines the experiences of a Chinese immigrant student. The phenomenology explores the lived experiences of individuals with AIDS. The grounded theory builds a theoretical model to explain physical activity among African American women. The ethnography analyzes how British Pakistani and Bangladeshi young men make sense of social and cultural exclusions. Finally, the case study provides an in-depth understanding of practices used by a teacher with students experiencing school failure.
1. Qualitative data analysis involves coding texts to identify patterns, which turns qualitative data into quantitative codes. The purpose is to produce findings by analyzing data, interpreting patterns, and presenting conclusions.
2. Analyzing qualitative data is challenging due to the massive amounts of information collected. The process involves reducing the volume of data, identifying significant patterns, and developing a framework to communicate what the data reveals.
3. Rigorous analysis depends on gathering high-quality data, the credibility of the researcher, and a philosophical belief in qualitative inquiry. Common stages of analysis include familiarization, coding, identifying themes, re-coding, developing categories, exploring relationships, and reporting findings.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Download luận án tiến sĩ ngành văn học Việt Nam với đề tài: Nghệ thuật tượng trưng trong sáng tác của trường thơ loạn, cho các bạn tham khảo
This document discusses perspectives on validation and evaluation in qualitative research. It examines views from Lincoln and Guba, Eisner, Lather and others on establishing validity. It also explores reliability from intercoder agreement and evaluating quality based on standards from Howe and Eisenhardt, Lincoln, Richardson and others. Evaluation criteria are presented for different qualitative approaches like narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and case studies focusing on themes, assertions, reflexivity and more.
Spivakian Postcolonial-feminism Elements PPt.pdflaya91
This document provides a summary of Doris Lessing's novels "The Grass is Singing" and "The Sweetest Dreams". It locates elements of postcolonial feminism in both novels through an analysis of the main characters and their experiences with subjugation, oppression, and resistance within colonial and patriarchal societies. The protagonist Mary Turner in "The Grass is Singing" struggles with expectations of femininity and marriage that conflict with her own identity. Characters in "The Sweetest Dreams" grapple with gender roles and social change across generations in 1960s England. The theoretical framework of postcolonial feminism, particularly the work of Gayatri Spivak, is used to examine these portray
This document discusses Russian Formalism, a literary theory from the early 20th century. Some key ideas discussed include:
- Russian Formalism viewed literature as focusing on the study of form rather than content or meaning. It looked at how literary devices can estrange readers and make the familiar unfamiliar.
- New American Criticism, influenced by Russian Formalism, viewed literary texts as self-contained works that use devices like metaphor and symbolism to reveal universal human truths. Close reading was used to discover these truths.
- Poetika discusses the role of poetry as using language in a mode of action to transmit energy rather than information or social/political messages. The purpose of a poet is to
Standard format of Research article ( how to write research article )Ali Shah
This document outlines the standard format for research articles and provides guidance for evaluating each section. It discusses that research articles typically include an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references sections. The introduction section establishes the background, purpose, and hypotheses. The methods section describes the participants, materials, and procedures. The results section summarizes the statistical analyses. The discussion section interprets the results and identifies limitations. It also provides criteria for evaluating each component, such as assessing the literature review, research questions, methodology, results, and conclusions.
Feminist theorists engaged with psychoanalysis in complex ways. Some, like Kate Millett, were highly critical of Freud and his views. Others, like Juliet Mitchell, were more defensive of Freud. Later feminist theorists like Jane Gallop and Jacqueline Rose applied psychoanalytic concepts, with Gallop focusing on Lacan and Rose psychoanalyzing Sylvia Plath's work. Lacan's views on sexuality and gender were troubling to some but others found feminist interpretations of his work that positioned him as a critic of patriarchy.
Philosophical Assumptions Underlying Qualitative as Opposed to Quantitative R...AgnesRizalTechnological
This document outlines the philosophical assumptions underlying qualitative versus quantitative research. The key assumptions of quantitative researchers are that there is an objective reality that can be discovered, research can produce accurate statements about reality, and the researcher can remain separate and objective. The key assumptions of qualitative researchers are that there are multiple subjective realities constructed by individuals, research produces alternative perspectives rather than objective truths, and the researcher cannot separate themselves from what is being studied. The document also notes differences in how facts and values are viewed and the goals of research.
Nhận viết luận văn Đại học , thạc sĩ - Zalo: 0917.193.864
Tham khảo bảng giá dịch vụ viết bài tại: vietbaocaothuctap.net
Download luận văn thạc sĩ ngành văn học Việt Nam với đề tài: Dấu ấn văn hóa trong truyện ngắn Quế Hương, cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
50000595
This document discusses strategies for writing qualitative research studies. It addresses ethical considerations, broad writing strategies, overall and embedded writing structures, and narrative structures for the five qualitative approaches: narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study. For each approach, it describes overall writing structures as well as embedded writing techniques to effectively communicate the research.
The document discusses the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, a 19th century art movement that rejected mainstream academic art in favor of a more realistic, detailed style inspired by late medieval and early Renaissance art prior to Raphael. The movement included painters and poets who sought to portray nature with spiritual sincerity. Key features of Pre-Raphaelite art included realistic details, bright colors sometimes used symbolically, and inspiration from poets like Dante and Shakespeare. The movement had two waves, with the second developing in the 1860s under Klimt and influencing the Arts and Crafts movement.
Historical background to pakistani literatureAbdullah Saleem
1. The document discusses the arrival of the British East India Company in India in 1600 and their gradual consolidation of power over the Mughal Empire.
2. It describes how the British sought to eliminate Muslim identity and culture by replacing Persian/Arabic with Urdu and reducing Muslim representation. This led to poverty, loss of culture and low morale among Muslims.
3. The document examines the works of early Pakistani writers in English who explored themes of nostalgia, cultural identity and politics in the context of colonial rule and its aftermath. It traces the evolution and growing international recognition of Pakistani English literature.
Woolf stream of consciousness technique in To the Light HouseISP
Virginia Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse explored the minds of characters using the stream of consciousness technique. It presented characters' perspectives through their own and others' thoughts without straightforward narration. Woolf rejected traditional narrative techniques and experimented with stream of consciousness and indirect interior monologue to depict inner realities and capture life's complexity. The story followed a small number of characters over multiple sections united through emotional themes rather than direct events.
Download luận văn thạc sĩ ngành văn học Việt Nam với đề tài: Nhân vật gái điếm trong Làm đĩ của Vũ Trọng Phụng và Xóm Rá của Ngọc Giao, cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
This document discusses the history and key concepts of feminism. It defines feminism as the belief that women should have equal rights to men. It also defines phallocentrism as the belief that identifies the phallus as the source of power in culture and literature. The document then provides examples of quotes from historical male figures that are discriminatory towards women. It discusses the development of feminism over time, from ancient Greece to the 19th century women's suffrage movement. Key feminist thinkers and their works criticizing patriarchal systems are also summarized, such as Woolf, Beauvoir and Millet. Different geographical strains of feminism including American, British and French feminism are outlined. The document concludes with examples
This document provides guidance for starting PhD research, focusing on reviewing previous related studies and developing the research proposal. It outlines frameworks for reviewing related literature (REST) and developing the research proposal (REQUEST). The REST framework involves searching for, downloading, reviewing, summarizing, and thematizing previous related studies based on 9 components. The REQUEST framework involves developing the research questions, sample, data collection methods, data analysis techniques, and relevant theories. The document advises PhD students to begin their research by using the REST framework to thoroughly review previous related studies in order to inform the statement of the problem and research questions for the proposal in line with the REQUEST framework.
Description of what is ethnography and how it can be used to study a particular group. How to use ethnography in the development of a specific group/community tourism interest
This document discusses key concepts related to gender and sexuality, including definitions of sex and gender. It describes how gender is a social construct based on biological sex differences. Several theories on the origins of gender inequality are provided, including historical, religious, biological, and sociological perspectives. Functionalism, conflict theory, and various feminist theories are outlined as explanations for the persistence of gender stratification. Examples of gender inequality in areas like the workplace and socialization are also presented.
This document provides information about powhiri and Māori cultural practices. It begins with a powhiri karakia and outlines the key stages of a powhiri ceremony. It then discusses the philosophy and protocols of powhiri, including the symbolic challenges, roles of speakers, and significance of gestures like hongi. The document also explores Māori spiritual beliefs and how they relate to well-being, such as the connection between physical and spiritual bodies. It emphasizes that traditional practices have adapted over time and the importance of cultural identity for Māori health and wellness.
Nhận viết luận văn đại học, thạc sĩ trọn gói, chất lượng, LH ZALO=>0909232620
Tham khảo dịch vụ, bảng giá tại: https://vietbaitotnghiep.com/dich-vu-viet-thue-luan-van
Download luận án tiến sĩ ngành văn học Việt Nam với đề tài: Nghệ thuật tượng trưng trong sáng tác của trường thơ loạn, cho các bạn tham khảo
This document discusses perspectives on validation and evaluation in qualitative research. It examines views from Lincoln and Guba, Eisner, Lather and others on establishing validity. It also explores reliability from intercoder agreement and evaluating quality based on standards from Howe and Eisenhardt, Lincoln, Richardson and others. Evaluation criteria are presented for different qualitative approaches like narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography and case studies focusing on themes, assertions, reflexivity and more.
Spivakian Postcolonial-feminism Elements PPt.pdflaya91
This document provides a summary of Doris Lessing's novels "The Grass is Singing" and "The Sweetest Dreams". It locates elements of postcolonial feminism in both novels through an analysis of the main characters and their experiences with subjugation, oppression, and resistance within colonial and patriarchal societies. The protagonist Mary Turner in "The Grass is Singing" struggles with expectations of femininity and marriage that conflict with her own identity. Characters in "The Sweetest Dreams" grapple with gender roles and social change across generations in 1960s England. The theoretical framework of postcolonial feminism, particularly the work of Gayatri Spivak, is used to examine these portray
This document discusses Russian Formalism, a literary theory from the early 20th century. Some key ideas discussed include:
- Russian Formalism viewed literature as focusing on the study of form rather than content or meaning. It looked at how literary devices can estrange readers and make the familiar unfamiliar.
- New American Criticism, influenced by Russian Formalism, viewed literary texts as self-contained works that use devices like metaphor and symbolism to reveal universal human truths. Close reading was used to discover these truths.
- Poetika discusses the role of poetry as using language in a mode of action to transmit energy rather than information or social/political messages. The purpose of a poet is to
Standard format of Research article ( how to write research article )Ali Shah
This document outlines the standard format for research articles and provides guidance for evaluating each section. It discusses that research articles typically include an abstract, introduction, methods, results, discussion, and references sections. The introduction section establishes the background, purpose, and hypotheses. The methods section describes the participants, materials, and procedures. The results section summarizes the statistical analyses. The discussion section interprets the results and identifies limitations. It also provides criteria for evaluating each component, such as assessing the literature review, research questions, methodology, results, and conclusions.
Feminist theorists engaged with psychoanalysis in complex ways. Some, like Kate Millett, were highly critical of Freud and his views. Others, like Juliet Mitchell, were more defensive of Freud. Later feminist theorists like Jane Gallop and Jacqueline Rose applied psychoanalytic concepts, with Gallop focusing on Lacan and Rose psychoanalyzing Sylvia Plath's work. Lacan's views on sexuality and gender were troubling to some but others found feminist interpretations of his work that positioned him as a critic of patriarchy.
Philosophical Assumptions Underlying Qualitative as Opposed to Quantitative R...AgnesRizalTechnological
This document outlines the philosophical assumptions underlying qualitative versus quantitative research. The key assumptions of quantitative researchers are that there is an objective reality that can be discovered, research can produce accurate statements about reality, and the researcher can remain separate and objective. The key assumptions of qualitative researchers are that there are multiple subjective realities constructed by individuals, research produces alternative perspectives rather than objective truths, and the researcher cannot separate themselves from what is being studied. The document also notes differences in how facts and values are viewed and the goals of research.
Nhận viết luận văn Đại học , thạc sĩ - Zalo: 0917.193.864
Tham khảo bảng giá dịch vụ viết bài tại: vietbaocaothuctap.net
Download luận văn thạc sĩ ngành văn học Việt Nam với đề tài: Dấu ấn văn hóa trong truyện ngắn Quế Hương, cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
50000595
This document discusses strategies for writing qualitative research studies. It addresses ethical considerations, broad writing strategies, overall and embedded writing structures, and narrative structures for the five qualitative approaches: narrative research, phenomenology, grounded theory, ethnography, and case study. For each approach, it describes overall writing structures as well as embedded writing techniques to effectively communicate the research.
The document discusses the Pre-Raphaelite Brotherhood, a 19th century art movement that rejected mainstream academic art in favor of a more realistic, detailed style inspired by late medieval and early Renaissance art prior to Raphael. The movement included painters and poets who sought to portray nature with spiritual sincerity. Key features of Pre-Raphaelite art included realistic details, bright colors sometimes used symbolically, and inspiration from poets like Dante and Shakespeare. The movement had two waves, with the second developing in the 1860s under Klimt and influencing the Arts and Crafts movement.
Historical background to pakistani literatureAbdullah Saleem
1. The document discusses the arrival of the British East India Company in India in 1600 and their gradual consolidation of power over the Mughal Empire.
2. It describes how the British sought to eliminate Muslim identity and culture by replacing Persian/Arabic with Urdu and reducing Muslim representation. This led to poverty, loss of culture and low morale among Muslims.
3. The document examines the works of early Pakistani writers in English who explored themes of nostalgia, cultural identity and politics in the context of colonial rule and its aftermath. It traces the evolution and growing international recognition of Pakistani English literature.
Woolf stream of consciousness technique in To the Light HouseISP
Virginia Woolf's novel To the Lighthouse explored the minds of characters using the stream of consciousness technique. It presented characters' perspectives through their own and others' thoughts without straightforward narration. Woolf rejected traditional narrative techniques and experimented with stream of consciousness and indirect interior monologue to depict inner realities and capture life's complexity. The story followed a small number of characters over multiple sections united through emotional themes rather than direct events.
Download luận văn thạc sĩ ngành văn học Việt Nam với đề tài: Nhân vật gái điếm trong Làm đĩ của Vũ Trọng Phụng và Xóm Rá của Ngọc Giao, cho các bạn làm luận văn tham khảo
This document discusses the history and key concepts of feminism. It defines feminism as the belief that women should have equal rights to men. It also defines phallocentrism as the belief that identifies the phallus as the source of power in culture and literature. The document then provides examples of quotes from historical male figures that are discriminatory towards women. It discusses the development of feminism over time, from ancient Greece to the 19th century women's suffrage movement. Key feminist thinkers and their works criticizing patriarchal systems are also summarized, such as Woolf, Beauvoir and Millet. Different geographical strains of feminism including American, British and French feminism are outlined. The document concludes with examples
This document provides guidance for starting PhD research, focusing on reviewing previous related studies and developing the research proposal. It outlines frameworks for reviewing related literature (REST) and developing the research proposal (REQUEST). The REST framework involves searching for, downloading, reviewing, summarizing, and thematizing previous related studies based on 9 components. The REQUEST framework involves developing the research questions, sample, data collection methods, data analysis techniques, and relevant theories. The document advises PhD students to begin their research by using the REST framework to thoroughly review previous related studies in order to inform the statement of the problem and research questions for the proposal in line with the REQUEST framework.
Description of what is ethnography and how it can be used to study a particular group. How to use ethnography in the development of a specific group/community tourism interest
This document discusses key concepts related to gender and sexuality, including definitions of sex and gender. It describes how gender is a social construct based on biological sex differences. Several theories on the origins of gender inequality are provided, including historical, religious, biological, and sociological perspectives. Functionalism, conflict theory, and various feminist theories are outlined as explanations for the persistence of gender stratification. Examples of gender inequality in areas like the workplace and socialization are also presented.
This document provides information about powhiri and Māori cultural practices. It begins with a powhiri karakia and outlines the key stages of a powhiri ceremony. It then discusses the philosophy and protocols of powhiri, including the symbolic challenges, roles of speakers, and significance of gestures like hongi. The document also explores Māori spiritual beliefs and how they relate to well-being, such as the connection between physical and spiritual bodies. It emphasizes that traditional practices have adapted over time and the importance of cultural identity for Māori health and wellness.
This series focuses on how cellular memories are not only passed from generation to generation, they can also be passed to total strangers who are organ recipients. The organ recipients then show characteristics, traits and qualities of their organ donors.
This presentation is to solely guide the students who are dealing with the academic paper writing like dissertation and thesis. Usually there are some misunderstandings that lead a student towards losing their grades and in order to prevent this from happening, these useful tips can be taken in to consideration and if really effective, then can be implemented. http://www.papermoz.co.uk/dissertations/dissertation-writing/
The document discusses the introduction of a new product. It provides background on the company and market opportunity for the new offering. Key details about the product's features and benefits are outlined to showcase how it will solve customer problems and drive revenue growth.
This formula is an attempt at designing a template for writing an essay
The formula has been developed with the new writer in mind
The overall concept is designed to be simple, yet effective
An aim of this formula seeks to streamline the introduction, body and conclusion sections.
The overall goal is to create fluidity throughout the writers essay
The Te Wheke model is a Maori model of wellbeing consisting of interconnected tentacles representing different aspects of a person. The tentacles are Wairua tapu (spiritual realm), Mana (status and dignity), Hinengaro (intellect), Tinana (physical body), Whanaungatanga (relationships and kinship), Taonga tuku iho (cultural treasures and inheritance from ancestors), Mauri (life force), and Whatumanawa (emotions and feelings). Each tentacle represents a vital component of wellbeing that is interconnected with the others.
Scotch 35 vinyl electrical tape is a polyvinyl chloride tape with a rubber adhesive available in nine fade-resistant colors. It is designed for use in phase identification, color coding, and safety marking. The tape has excellent electrical insulating properties and is resistant to moisture, acids, and corrosion. It can operate continuously at 105°C and provides high dielectric breakdown and insulation resistance. The document provides details on the tape's specifications, installation, maintenance, and availability.
This document discusses how epigenetic research shows that trauma can be passed down intergenerationally from parents to children through cellular memories. Studies on both mice and humans have found that the descendants of those who experienced trauma or cataclysmic events can exhibit effects of that trauma such as increased anxiety, even if they did not directly experience the events themselves. Trauma and stress can be passed down from mother to child through epigenetic mechanisms.
Pōwhiri Poutama Framework 2014: Applying Culturally safe practice in Māori / ...Dr Rawiri Waretini-Karena
The document presents the Pōwhiri Poutama framework for culturally safe counselling with Māori clients. The framework was developed from a traditional Māori welcoming ceremony and has 7 stages: 1) Establishing administration and roles, 2) Building relations, 3) Identifying issues, 4) Unpacking issues, 5) Developing strategies and timeframes, 6) Implementing actions, and 7) Effective closure. Each stage involves specific questions and approaches to ensure the client's mana and cultural needs are respected and central to the counselling process. The framework aims to transform historically traumatic experiences for Māori through culturally grounded therapeutic practices.
This document discusses various Māori theories and models related to storytelling (pūrākau) and addressing issues (pūtaketanga). It begins with an overview of pūrākau theory, which views stories as being interconnected like the roots of a tree. It then discusses several related Māori concepts and models for analyzing issues, including the colonizing tree model, pūrākau life stages model, and an intergenerational genogram analysis for examining the impact of policies over generations. Exercises are presented applying these theories, with groups discussing different time periods and how they influence each other. The document aims to inform understanding of pūrākau and pūtaketanga
1. This document describes an experiment to identify resistor color codes and verify Ohm's Law. It includes objectives, equipment, procedures, and questions.
2. The first part explains how to determine a resistor's value and tolerance from its color bands. Tables list the color codes used in 4-band and 5-band resistors.
3. The second part tests Ohm's Law by measuring the current through resistors under different voltages. A circuit is assembled and current is measured both ways through each resistor to verify the relationships defined by Ohm's Law.
EXPERIMENT 2 : resistor colour codes and diodesYong Ying
This experiment had two parts:
1) Determine resistor values using color codes, digital ohmmeter, and analog ohmmeter. Readings from different meters were recorded in a table.
2) Identify anode, cathode, built-in voltage, and material of diodes. Readings from digital and analog meters for different diodes were recorded in another table. Built-in voltages helped identify materials as silica or other. Proper connection of anode and cathode was needed for readings and LED operation.
The conclusion was that resistor readings should match color codes, and checking built-in voltage can identify diode materials. Connection orientation is important for measurements and LED function.
The problem statement discusses low math skills among many college students, with historically high failure rates of around 15% in introductory Algebra classes. African American students at ABC College fail introductory Algebra at an even higher rate of 22%. Failing early classes not only extends students' time in school by requiring retakes, but is also a primary predictor of dropping out of college altogether. The research will investigate this problem of high failure rates in introductory math classes and the disproportionate impacts on African American students.
The document discusses the writing process, from pre-writing to outlining. It emphasizes that writing is a process of learning and discovery. The pre-writing stage involves brainstorming and selecting a topic, then narrowing it. Students should ask practical questions to define the scope. Research questions should go beyond simple factual inquiries to "how" and "why." The thesis statement is the central argument to be supported. An outline organizes the paper into an introduction, body, and conclusion. Research must be done carefully using valid, credible sources.
This document outlines the research process and how to conceptualize a research study. It discusses that research has three phases: the conceptual phase, the empirical phase, and the interpretative phase. In the conceptual phase, researchers determine what questions will be addressed and how procedures will identify answers. This involves searching literature, finding collaborators, considering methodology, and assessing feasibility. Researchers must also identify topics, write a title that describes the study, and write an introduction that establishes the problem and purpose. The background study involves conducting primary research to develop a research question or thesis that guides further investigation.
This document provides guidance on writing a dissertation, including organizing the structure and individual chapters. It discusses:
1. The typical organization of a dissertation, including introductory, literature review, methodology, results, and discussion chapters. Each chapter answers fundamental questions about the study.
2. Principles for organizing chapters, such as ensuring each relates to the overall dissertation and can stand alone, while maintaining a clear logical flow.
3. The importance of clearly communicating the dissertation structure to readers using headings, transitions, and other signposting techniques.
The document provides information for students preparing for an exam that makes up 60% of a module. It discusses the pass marks needed in the exam to pass the module overall or to receive different grades. It also lists the areas students should focus on revising, including attending lectures, participating in seminars, completing readings, and participating in a debate. The document outlines the exam format, which includes three sections with three questions each that students must answer. It provides tips for answering questions, such as understanding the key words and outlining how the question will be addressed. It discusses what examiners look for in terms of demonstrating knowledge, applying concepts, employing sources, and showing critical thinking. Outstanding answers are said to engage thoroughly with issues and
This document provides an overview of the case method approach to teaching and learning. It discusses what a teaching case is, the benefits of the case method, how to analyze and prepare for a case study, how to participate effectively in case discussions, and how performance is typically assessed. The key aspects covered include using the case analysis framework to thoroughly examine a case prior to class, contributing constructively to case discussions by building on others' comments respectfully, and capturing learning through note-taking after sessions. Assessment may include in-class participation, written case analyses, and exam questions requiring case analyses. The overall goal is for students to develop skills like critical thinking by actively engaging with real-world business scenarios.
The document describes several discussion formats that can be used in a classroom:
1. Roundtable discussions involve small groups discussing questions about a text. This allows students to practice using academic language.
2. Fishbowl discussions involve an inner and outer circle. A few students in the inner circle discuss an issue while the outer circle listens. Students can then rotate between the circles.
3. Panel discussions feature several experts discussing an issue and answering audience questions to increase understanding of different perspectives.
4. Discussion webs help students visualize key issues and opposing views by identifying pros and cons and drawing conclusions. This guides debates around a central question.
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Barbara Zamorski and Terry Haydn, School of Education and Professional Development,
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Abstract
This paper reports on aspects of the Norwich Area Schools Consortium (NASC) cross-school
Classroom Management and Disaffection research project undertaken as part of the NASC
programme. It documents the dual interwoven ‘stories’ of teacher engagement in research as a
learning experience and the substantive research undertaken. The project took place in two
stages, the focus of the second stage emerging out of the analysis of the first stage. Research
into both pupil and teacher perceptions concerning disaffection and classroom management
were investigated in the first stage. The second stage attempted to unravel the complex
relationships between disaffection, curriculum, pedagogy and context from pupil perspectives,
with insights on the relationship between a good lesson and a good teacher being of particular
interest.
Introduction
This project had its roots in the NASC Workshop held at the University in the summer of 1999.
The aim of the Workshop was to produce research designs and action plans for the four crossschool
research projects which were to become the second phase of the three-year NASC
programme on pupil disaffection. The starting point for this particular project was to research
‘effective in-school strategies to deal with disaffection and reduce exclusion'.
As a result of this event, the Classroom Management and Disaffection Research Group came into
being. The eight members of the group comprised six teachers from five NASC schools and two
members of the University staff (a UEA research co-ordinator and mentor). The group met at
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research was carried in two stages, the focus of the second stage emerging out of the analysis of
the first stage. This paper describes the work of this group during these stages, and reports on
some of the research undertaken.
Stage One
Stage One of this project, which took place in the autumn term of 1999, began with an interest in
the following questions, which arose from a consensus amongst the group that there were
generally differences in the extent to which pupils were engaged in learning not only between
schools, but within schools.
• What factors enable some teachers to develop greater effectiveness in terms of class
management and the engagement of pupils in learning than others?
• Is it possible to draw on the experience of teachers and pupils to elucidate which are the
characteristic and most influential skills and attributes that make teachers good classroom
managers?
2
• In addition to teacher characteristics, is it possible to discern departmental, subject, or school
‘effects’ which influence pupil engagement in learning?
The group began by reviewing and reflecting on what had already been learned about classroom
management and disaffection from NASC
This document provides an overview and introduction to a management concepts course being taught in 2013. It outlines the organization of lectures, assessments, learning activities and resources available. The course objectives are explained, along with an assessment overview consisting of tutorials, a case analysis and discussion, literature review report, and end of semester exam. Support and guidelines for tutorials, lectures, and communication are also provided.
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Dorothy Faulkner - Thesis & viva student version june2012OUmethods
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From what goes where to the questions you need to answer with a great and empowering exercise in the middle this is a must have set of slides for the PhD candidate. Also go to doctoralnet on youtube for the recording.
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A basic structure for layering a masters or doctoral thesis
1. A Basic Formula for Structuring &
Layering a Master’s or Doctoral Thesis
By Dr Rawiri Waretini Karena
2. Disclaimer
• This formula is an attempt at designing a template
for writing a thesis
• The formula has been developed with the new
researcher in mind
• The overall concept is designed to be simple, yet
effective
• An aim of this formula seeks to streamline each
chapter by implementing a layering approach to the
process using a colour coding system.
• The overall goal is to create fluidity through out the
researchers overall thesis.
3. Research Questions
• Research questions are the heart of a thesis
• All research that is undertaken in a thesis
seeks to answer its research question
• I prefer to use three research questions
• Each question becomes an underlying
theme behind a chapter in the thesis
• The research question formula is based on
• FACE+ TRACE+ REPLACE
4. Research questions formula
1
•Face
•= Identify an issue
•Example Question: What is the Pōwhiri Poutama framework?
2
•Trace
•= Examine it’s historical context and impact
•Example Question: When was the framework established; and how has it been
utilised?
3
•Replace
•= Explore or develop a solution based or transformative approach
•Example Question: In what way has this framework been utilised to benefit
Māori?
5. Research questions
• The research questions are developed to be
relevant to each other.
• The research questions have been designed
to make the research flow and progress the
written work from chapter to chapter
7. Structuring a Chapter
• The structure of a chapter is essentially the
same as the structure of an essay.
• The introduction introduces the content in
the chapter.
• The body of the chapter carries the
majority of the content.
• The conclusion gives a summary of the
content discussed in the chapter, and then
a summary of the learnings gained
8. Preparing an Introduction
• Before creating an introduction, the student decides what the key
points are that the chapter will focus on.
• Once the key points are decided, the next step is to put each key point
in order of priority
• Once the order of priority is decided, the first key point, becomes the
initial introduction.
• The second key point becomes the second intro
• The third key point becomes the third intro – etc etc
• Developing an introduction key point that is relative to the previous
key point means that the flow of the introduction will be fluid from
the beginning.
• Write the introduction from a pretence position. It will state what you
are about to introduce.
Example:
This chapter will begin by discussing the Pōwhiri Poutama framework.
9. First key point of the chapter
• Introduction 1
• In this chapter we will identify and discuss the Pōwhiri Poutama framework
• (What is it? (definite it) give it scope
Second key point of the chapter
• Introduction 2
• The second part of this chapter will examine its history in terms of how the Pōwhiri Poutama framework
was established
Third key point of the chapter
• Introduction 3
• The third part of the chapter will examine key components in the framework
Fourth Key point of the chapter
Introduction 4
The fourth part of the chapter will discuss how the framework is applied.
Fifth Key point of the chapter
Introduction 5
This chapter will conclude with the strengths and limitations of the Pōwhiri Poutama framework
Layering an Introduction
10. Layering an Introduction
using colour code
• Colour codes help to streamline writing, by
supporting writers to stay to the same point of
discussion based on the colour of the topic.
• Each different colour, represents a different
key point in your introduction
• Each different key point represents a different
point of discussion in the introduction.
• You will notice that colours that are the same
in the introduction, body and conclusion all
carry the ‘same point of discussion’ through
out the chapter
11. Layering the body of a chapter
Key point 1 + Intro 1 = Body 1 – What is the topic?
• The Pōwhiri Poutama framework is a holistic process utilised for the purpose of engaging with others . Its
underlying theme stems from a Māori worldview.
Key point 2 + intro 2 = Body 2 – What is its historical context?
• The framework stems from the pōwhiri process. It was originally conceptualised by Paraire Huata, and
then adapted by Dr Rawiri Waretini-Karena in 2011
Key point 3 + intro 3 = Body 3 – How is the framework constructed?
• The framework is made up of six elements. The first element is Whakamoemiti. The second is
whakatau. The third is Whakapuaki. The fourth is Whakatangitangi. The fifth is Whakaratarata. The sixth
is Whakaoranga. The final element is Whakaotinga
Key point 4 + intro 4 = Body 4 – How is the framework applied
The whakamoemiti process makes sure the facilitator is ready for the session spiritually, mentally as well as
physically. The Whakatau process establishes administration issue and then establishes relationships. The
Whakapuaki process identifies issues, the Whakatangitangi process unpacks the issue. The Whakaratarata process
establishes strategies. The Whakaoranga process examines options and consequences, and the Whakaotinga
process implements an effective closure
Key point 5 + intro 5 = Body 5 – What are its strengths and limitations?
The major strength of this framework supports a culturally safe and appropriate process for engaging with
Māori clientele. A limitation could be that others, trying to learn this framework may not understand the
mātauranga Māori ideologies and worldviews that underpin the Pōwhiri Poutama framework.
12. Layering the Body
using colour code
• Layering the body of the chapter is exactly the
same.
• The difference is that the body carries the majority
of the content.
• Colour coding the body helps the writer to stay in
the same point of discussion according to its colour.
• This hopefully stops the content from jumping all
over the place
• Developing a key point that is relative to the
previous key point means that the body of the
content should flow smoothly from key point to key
point.
13. Key point 1 + intro 1 + Body 1= Conclusion 1
• This chapter identified and discussed the Pōwhiri Poutama framework
Key point 2 + intro 2 + Body 2 = Conclusion 2
• The second aspect examined where the framework came from, and also discussed key people in the
development of the framework.
Key point 3 + intro 3 + Body 3 = Conclusion 3
• The third aspect discussed the elements located in the framework.
Key point 4 + intro 4 + Body 4 = Conclusion 4
The fourth aspect examines and discusses how the framework is applied
Key point 5 + intro 5 + Body 5= Conclusion 5
The fifth aspect examines and discusses strengths and limitations of the
framework
The final aspect summarise the new discoveries and learning's gained from the
chapter
Layering the conclusion
14. Layering the Conclusion Section
using colour code
• Layering the conclusion of the chapter is
exactly the same as the intro and body section
• I suggest cutting and pasting the introduction
section straight into the conclusion section
• Re-write the language to fit a past-tense
position
Example:
This chapter discussed the Pōwhiri Poutama
framework
15. Introduction
Pre-tense
This chapter will begin with discussing the Pōwhiri Poutama framework. The second part of this chapter
will examine how the Pōwhiri Poutama framework was established. The third part will examine key
components in the framework. The fourth part will demonstrate how the framework is applied. The final
part will conclude be examining strengths and limitations.
Body
Note:
This is an
example of
how colour
coding will
support
writing a
chapter by
highlighting
how it
supports
writing an
essay
The Pōwhiri Poutama framework is a holistic utilised for engaging with others. Its underlying themes
stem from a Māori worldview. Its framework stems from the Pōwhiri process, and was developed by
Paraire Huata, and adapted by Dr Rawiri Waretini-Karena. The framework is made up of six elements.
The first is whakamoemiti. The second is whakatau. The third is Whakapuaki. The fourth is
Whakatangitangi. The fifth is whakaratarata. The sixth is Whakaoranga, and the final element is
whakotinga.
The whakamoemiti process makes sure the facilitator is ready for the session spiritually, mentally as well
as physically. The Whakatau process establishes administration issue and then establishes relationships.
The Whakapuaki process identifies issues, the Whakatangitangi process unpacks the issue. The
Whakaratarata process establishes strategies. The Whakaoranga process examines options and
consequences, and the Whakaotinga process implements an effective closure.The major strength of
this framework supports a culturally safe and appropriate process for engaging with Māori clientele. A
limitation could be that others, trying to learn this framework may not understand the mātauranga Māori
ideologies and worldviews that underpin the Pōwhiri Poutama framework.
Conclusion
Past- tense
This chapter discussed the Pōwhiri Poutama framework. The second part of this chapter examined how
the Pōwhiri Poutama framework was established. The third part examined key components in the
framework. The fourth part demonstrated how the framework is applied. The final part concluded by
examining strengths and limitations.
Summary In my opinion, I have learnt that this framework is a culturally appropriate and safe model for engaging with Māori
16. Chapter Formula
Key point 1 + Intro 1 + Body 1 = Conclusion 1
• (Key point) Establishes your initial idea
• (Intro 1) idea 1 in the intro section
• (Body 1) idea 1 in the body
• (Conclusion 1) Idea 1 in the conclusion
This formula highlights the main ideas behind key point 1 being
built upon and layered throughout the chapter based on the
same theme.
• Once the chapter has been complete using the colour code
system. The writer removes the colour code.
• The researcher should be left with a chapter that is clear,
concise, and flows from the introduction, into the body of the
content, and then into the conclusion
17. Introduction Chapter
1. Intro
2. Background to topical
research
3. Rationale for
researching topic
4. Summary of each
chapter
5. Conclusion
• Discuss how you came
upon your topic
• Discuss your rationale
for wanting to research
topic
18. Literature Review Chapter
Process
1. Intro topic
2. Implement names and year of
authors used in the lit review
3. Identify topic, definition and
scope
4. Historical context
5. Impacts
6. Statistics
7. Implications
8. Relevance and contribution to
research
9. Conclusion
Implementing authors & Year
Example:
This literature review chapter utilises
the written work of authors such
as; Smith (1999); Duran (2003);
Armitage (1995); Jackson (1988);
Churchill (1993); Walters (2012);
Brave Heart (1998).
It is imperative that the writer be
intentional about putting the
names of authors whose work
they have quoted through out the
chapter at the very beginning.
This establishes the intentional use
of applying literature to the topic
the writer has chosen to review.
19. Research Methodologies Chapter
1. Intro
2. Research questions
3. Aims
4. Objectives
5. Ethical Considerations
6. Methodologies
7. Ethical practice
8. Methods
9. Participants
10. Collecting data
11. Collating data
12. Analysing data
13. Strengths and limitations of research
14. How Contributes to Research community
15. Conclusion
• This chapter is the most important in terms of
articulating the aims and objectives, and overall
mechanics of the research
• Methodologies are theories a writer will justify
using and why
Example
Quantitative (Statistics) and / or Qualitative
(Interpretations based on observations). Critical Theory,
Conflict Theory, Kaupapa Māori theory, Pūrākau theory,
Māori Centred Approach, Indigenous methodologies.
• Methods discuss the manner in which the research
is conducted. Everything in blue relates to methods
Example
Motivational interviewing, case studies, literature etc.
Participants-
If researcher have participants, they will need ethical
approval.
I would also recommend adding Māori Ethical
Considerations.
They can be found at this link:
http://www.rangahau.co.nz/ethics/166/
20. The Issues Chapter
1. Intro
2. Issue
3. Definition
4. Scope
5. Historical context
6. Statistics
7. Implication
8. Conclusion
• This chapter discusses
the issue being
researched
• The role of this chapter
is to give scope to the
issue
21. History and Impact Chapter
1. Intro
2. Impact of Issue
3. Scope of issue
4. Statistics
5. Ramifications
6. Conclusion
• This chapter examines
the history and impact
of the issue
• It also explores the
scale of the problem as
well as current and
future ramifications
22. The Solutions Chapter
1.Intro
2.Solution
3.Scope of solution
historical context
4.Rationale or underlying
theme
5.Elements of the solution
6.Application of solution
7.Possible outcomes
8.Conclusion
• Discusses and
implements
transformative strategy
23. Findings Chapter
1. Intro
2. Summary of chapters
3. Findings
4. Analysis of findings
5. Critique of findings
6. Discuss how findings
answer research
questions
7. Summarise the learning's
in the chapter
8. Conclusion
• This chapter is important
in terms of tying
everything together.
• It analyses and critiques
findings from all your
chapters’
• It discusses how these
findings respond to your
research questions
• Summarise the learnings
24. Layout Overview Of Entire Thesis Chapters
1:Intro
Chapter
2: Lit Review
Chapter
3: Research
methodologies
Chapter
4: Issues Chapter
(Face)
5: Impact
Chapter
(Trace)
6: Solutions
Chapter
(Replace)
7: Findings
Chapter
Process
1. Intro
2. Backgro
und to
topical
researc
h
3. Rational
e for
researc
hing
topic
4. Summar
y of
each
chapter
5. Conclusi
on
Process
1. Intro
2. Implement
names and
year of
authors used
in the lit
review
3. Identify
topic,
definition
and scope
4. Historical
context
5. Impacts
6. Statistics
7. Implications
8. Relevance
and
contribution
to research
9. Conclusion
Process
1. Intro
2. Research
questions
3. Aims
4. Objectives
5. Ethics
6. Methodologie
s
7. Methods
8. Participants
9. Collecting
data
10. Collating data
11. Analysing data
12. Strengths and
limitations of
research
13. How
Contributes to
Research
community
14. Conclusion
Process-
1. Intro
2. Issue
3. Definition
4. Scope
5. Historical
context
6. Statistics
7. Implication
8. Conclusion
Process
1. Intro
2. Impact of
Issue
3. Scope of
issue
4. Statistics
5. Ramificati
ons
6. Conclusio
n
Process
1. Intro
2. Solution
3. Scope of
solution
historical
context
4. Rationale
or
underlying
theme
5. Elements
of the
solution
6. Applicatio
n of
solution
7. Possible
outcomes
8. Conclusio
n
Process
1. Intro
2. Summary
of
chapters
3. Findings
4. Analysis of
findings
5. Critique of
findings
6. Discuss
how
findings
answer
research
questions
7. Summaris
e the
learning's
in the
chapter
8. Conclusion
Progress
2
Progress
6
Progress
3
Progress
4
Progress
5
Progress
1
25. Layout of Thesis Chapters
• The layout of the thesis chapters gives the
researcher an overview of the entire thesis.
• More chapters can be added to the thesis
• The face, trace and replace chapters highlight the
underlying themes behind those chapters. The
researcher can call it any name they want
• The Face chapter, and the Trace chapter are also
interchangeable The best positioning of the data
dictates if they interchange or not.
• The processes in each chapter can be added to
according to the key points established in each
chapter by the researcher
26. 1. Make a statement
2. Utilise a quote to support your statement
3. Discuss the relevance of the quote.
Layering in-text citation example
The destruction of Māori society seemed to involve a
multi faceted approach. According to Bedgood
(1978) “The penetration of the capitalist mode of
production and the destruction of the Māori
occurred at three levels, economic, political and
ideological”(p. 286). Bedgood’s, analysis is
consistent with the economic, political and
ideological deficits experienced by Māori.
Layering in-text citations formula
27. In-text citations formula 6th Edition
Direct quoting
• Author (year) quote (p. number).
Paraphrasing
• Author (year) quote, no double quotation marks (page
number).
Omitting material ( Removing some of the quote)
• Author (Year)… part of the quote…another part of the quote
(Page number)
A quote with more than 40 words
• Indent 1cm left, indent 1 cm right, no quote marks
• For more questions on in text citations please consult Apa
reference guide @ https://wintecac-
public.sharepoint.com/library/files/APA.pdf
28. Referencing formula- 6th Edition
Book
• Author. (year). Title (Italics). City: Country. Publisher.
Online website
• Author. (year). Title (Italics). Retrieved: month day
year from: URL address
Video
• Author. (year). Title (Italics). [Motion picture],
Retrieved: month day year from: URL address
For more questions on referencing please consult Apa
reference guide 6th edition @ https://wintecac-
public.sharepoint.com/library/files/APA.pdf
29. Glossary
Terminology
1. Face, Trace Replace
2. Key point
3. Layer
4. Pre-tense
5. Past-tense
6. Structure
Meaning
1. A model for identifying an
issue, tracking its history,
and finding a solution
2. Main idea
3. To build one idea on top of
another
4. Before
5. After
6. Framework