This formula is an attempt at designing a template for writing an essay The formula has been developed with the new writer in mind The overall concept is designed to be simple, yet effective An aim of this formula seeks to streamline the introduction, body and conclusion sections. The overall goal is to create fluidity throughout the writers essay

1. Dr Rawiri Waretini- Karena

2. • This formula was developed to streamline,
structure and layer essays.

3. Introduction
Body
Conclusion

4. First key point of the essay
•Introduction 1
•In this essay we will identify and discuss the Pōwhiri Poutama framework
•(What is it? (definite it) give it scope
Second key point of the essay
•Introduction 2
•The second part of this essay will examine its history in terms of how the Pōwhiri Poutama framework was established
Third key point of the essay
•Introduction 3
•The third part of the essay will examine key components in the framework
Fourth Key point of the essay
Introduction 4
The fourth part of the essay will discuss how the framework is applied.
Fifth Key point of the essay
Introduction 5
This essay will conclude with the strengths and limitations of the Pōwhiri Poutama framework

5. • Each different colour, represents a different
stage in your essay
• Each different stage represents a different
point of discussion in the essay.
• You will notice that all colours that are the
same in the introduction, body and conclusion
all carry the ‘same point of discussion’
through out the essay

6. Key point 1 + Intro 1 = Body 1 – What is the topic?
•The Pōwhiri Poutama framework is a holistic process utilised for the purpose of engaging with others . Its underlying
theme stems from a Māori worldview.
Key point 2 + intro 2 = Body 2 – What is its historical context?
•The framework stems from the pōwhiri process. It was originally conceptualised by Paraire Huata, and then adapted by Dr
Rawiri Waretini-Karena in 2011
Key point 3 + intro 3 = Body 3 – How is the framework constructed?
•The framework is made up of six elements. The first element is Whakamoemiti. The second is whakatau. The third is
Whakapuaki. The fourth is Whakatangitangi. The fifth is Whakaratarata. The sixth is Whakaoranga. The final element
is Whakaotinga
Key point 4 + intro 4 = Body 4 – How is the framework applied
The whakamoemiti process makes sure the facilitator is ready for the session spiritually, mentally as well as physically. The
Whakatau process establishes administration issue and then establishes relationships. The Whakapuaki process identifies
issues, the Whakatangitangi process unpacks the issue. The Whakaratarata process establishes strategies. The Whakaoranga
process examines options and consequences, and the Whakaotinga process implements an effective closure
Key point 5 + intro 5 = Body 5 – What are its strengths and limitations?
The major strength of this framework supports a culturally safe and appropriate process for engaging with Māori clientele.
A limitation could be that others, trying to learn this framework may not understand the mātauranga Māori ideologies and
worldviews that underpin the Pōwhiri Poutama framework.

7. • Each colour code carries a different theme
• The themes are consistent to the colour that
flows from introduction, through to the body
and then through to the conclusion

8. Key point 1 + intro 1 + Body 1= Conclusion 1
•This essay identified and discussed the Pōwhiri Poutama framework
Key point 2 + intro 2 + Body 2 = Conclusion 2
•The second aspect examined where the framework came from, and also discussed key people in the
development of the framework.
Key point 3 + intro 3 + Body 3 = Conclusion 3
• The third aspect discussed the elements located in the framework.
Key point 4 + intro 4 + Body 4 = Conclusion 4
The fourth aspect examines and discusses how the framework is applied
Key point 5 + intro 5 + Body 5= Conclusion 5
The fifth aspect examines and discusses strengths and limitations of the framework
The final aspect summarise the new discoveries and learning's gained from the essay

9. Key point 1 + Intro 1 + Body 1 = Conclusion 1
• (Key point) Establishes your initial idea
• (Intro 1) idea 1 in the intro section
• (Body 1) idea 1 in the body
• (Conclusion 1) Idea 1 in the conclusion
The underlying themes behind this formula
should be exactly the same through out the
essay

10. Introduction
Pre-tense
This essay will begin with discussing the Pōwhiri Poutama framework. The second part of this essay will
examine how the Pōwhiri Poutama framework was established. The third part will examine key
components in the framework. The fourth part will demonstrate how the framework is applied. The
final part will conclude be examining strengths and limitations.
Body The Pōwhiri Poutama framework is a holistic utilised for engaging with others. Its underlying themes
stem from a Māori worldview. Its framework stems from the Pōwhiri process, and was developed by
Paraire Huata, and adapted by Dr Rawiri Waretini-Karena. The framework is made up of six elements.
The first is whakamoemiti. The second is whakatau. The third is Whakapuaki. The fourth is
Whakatangitangi. The fifth is whakaratarata. The sixth is Whakaoranga, and the final element is
whakotinga.
The whakamoemiti process makes sure the facilitator is ready for the session spiritually, mentally as
well as physically. The Whakatau process establishes administration issue and then establishes
relationships. The Whakapuaki process identifies issues, the Whakatangitangi process unpacks the
issue. The Whakaratarata process establishes strategies. The Whakaoranga process examines options
and consequences, and the Whakaotinga process implements an effective closure. The major strength
of this framework supports a culturally safe and appropriate process for engaging with Māori clientele.
A limitation could be that others, trying to learn this framework may not understand the mātauranga
Māori ideologies and worldviews that underpin the Pōwhiri Poutama framework.
Conclusion
Past- tense
This essay discussed the Pōwhiri Poutama framework. The second part of this essay examined how the
Pōwhiri Poutama framework was established. The third part examined key components in the
framework. The fourth part demonstrated how the framework is applied. The final part concluded by
examining strengths and limitations.
Summary In my opinion, I have learnt that this framework is a culturally appropriate and safe model for engaging with Māori

11. • This formula structures the essay in a way that
allows it to flow from the introduction,
through to the body, and then into the
conclusion by layering each section in a way
that encourages fluidity.
• The essay becomes very precise, and allows
the writer to assess each layer, to make sure
the writing is consistent

12. 1. Make a statement
2. Utilise a quote to support your statement
3. Discuss the relevance of the quote.
One example
The destruction of Māori society seemed to involve a
multi faceted approach. According to Bedgood (1978)
“the penetration of the capitalist mode of production
and the destruction of the Māori occurred at three
levels, economic, political and ideological”(p. 286).
Bedgood’s, analysis is consistent with economic,
political and ideological deficits, experienced by
Māori.

13. Direct quoting
• Author (year) quote (p. number).
Paraphrasing
• Author (year) quote, no quotation marks (page number).
Omitting material ( Removing some of the quote)
• Author (Year)… part of the quote…another part of the
quote (Page number)
A quote with more than 40 words
• Indent 1cm left, indent 1 cm right, no quote marks
• For more questions on in text citations please consult Apa
reference guide @ https://wintecac-
public.sharepoint.com/library/files/APA.pdf

14. Book
• Author. (year). Title (Italics). City: Country. Publisher.
Online website
• Author. (year). Title (Italics). Retrieved: month day year
from: URL address
Video
• Author. (year). Title (Italics). [Motion picture],
Retrieved: month day year from: URL address
For more questions on referencing please consult Apa
reference guide @ https://wintecac-
public.sharepoint.com/library/files/APA.pdf