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Palistinian liberation organisation
The document outlines the origins and goals of the Palestinian Liberation Organization (PLO), established in 1964 with the aim of liberating Palestine through armed struggle. It discusses key articles of the Palestinian National Charter, various factions within the PLO, and factors driving the Palestinian-Israeli conflict, including religion, Zionism, and Israel's settlement policies. The document also highlights the socioeconomic impacts on Palestinians and reactions from the PLO over time, referencing significant events and figures in the movement's history.
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Palistinian liberation organisation
- 1. Palestinian Liberation Organisation Michael Subritzky IndigenousLiberation Studies Bachelor of Applied Social Science Year 3 Waikato Institute of Technology
- 2. How did thePLO originate? The Palestinian cause was lobbied by other Arab nations Formed 1964 by the Arab League of Nations Recognised as the ‘sole representative of Palestine’
- 3. PLO Structure Purpose“The Liberation of Palestine” through armed struggle The Palestinian National Charter Article 7: “That there is a Palestinian community and that it has material, spiritual, and historical connection with Palestine are indisputable facts. It is a national duty to bring up individual Palestinians in an Arab revolutionary manner. All means of information and education must be adopted in order to acquaint the Palestinian with his country in the most profound manner, both spiritual and material, that is possible. He must be prepared for the armed struggle and ready to sacrifice his wealth and his life in order to win back his homeland and bring about its liberation.”
- 4. PLO Structure (continued) ThePalestinian National Charter Article 9: Armed struggle is the only way to liberate Palestine. This is the overall strategy, not merely a tactical phase. The Palestinian Arab people assert their absolute determination and firm resolution to continue their armed struggle and to work for an armed popular revolution for the liberation of their country and their return to it . They also assert their right to normal life in Palestine and to exercise their right to self-determination and sovereignty over it.
- 5. PLO Structure (continued) Factions Fatah – Founded by Yasir Arafat PFLP – Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine DFLP – Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine PSF – Popular Struggle Front Although each faction is independent, they remained under the PLO umbrella.
- 6. PLO Structure (continued) Leaders Palestinian National Council (PNC) – executive committee Ahmad Shuqayri 1964-67 Yasir Arafat 1969-2004 Mahmoud Abbas 2004- Present
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- 10. What are themajor roots of the Palestinian-Israeli conflict? Religion Zionism Israel’s Settlement Policy Impact of Israeli Settlements and Economics
- 11. Religion Ishmael Isaac Abraham Look upthe heavens and count the stars – if indeed you can count them. So shall your offspring be. Genesis 15:5 The true heir inherits the land of Canaan as outlined in Numbers 31:1-2
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- 13. Zionism Zionism is anationalist and political movement of Jews and Jewish culture that supports the re-establishment of a Jewish homeland in the territory defined as the historic Land of Israel (roughly corresponding to Palestine, Canaan or the Holy Land)
- 14. Zionism Jewish Nationalistsand rebirth of Jewish State Reclamation of Biblical land 1917 Zionists lobbied British 1939 only 75,000 migrants allowed over following 5yr Palestine to be independent and political power based on population ratio of Jew & Palestinian 1945 Zionists revolted – 2:1 ratio British withdrew leaving admin to UN 1947 UN divided land, allocating 45% to Jews 1948 war resulted in 80% of land to Jews
- 15. Israel’s Settlement Policy Grants Subsidies Tax incentives Security acquisitions Unclaimed land seized 6% pop growth per year
- 16. Impact on thePalestinians Unemployment Decline in trade Severe poverty Refugees in Jordan
- 17. Israeli Colonialism Noinvestment into Palestinian economy Shaped the Territories to their own needs Palestinians = low wage labour force Palestinian trade mostly with Israel Regulation of agriculture, industry, investments = multiple layers of tax Created Palestinian dependency on Israel Checkpoints, curfews, and security barriers
- 18. PLO Response Shootings,kidnappings 1987 Peaceful protests – not totally peaceful however Yasar Arafat praised the “children of the stones” Guerilla tactics against settlers & IDF 2000 violent uprising and escalated IDF response Suicide bombers featured 11 Sept 2001
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- 20. References Arens, O., &Kaufman, E. (2012). The Potential Impact of Palestinian Nonviolent Struggle on Israel: Preliminary Lessons and Projections for the Future. Middle East Journal , 66 (2), 231-252. De Waart, P. J. (2007). Israel's Settlement Policy Stumbling Block in the Middle East Peace Process. Leiden Journal of International Law , 825-839. Drey, P. R. (2002). The Role of Hagar in Genesis 16. Andrews University Seminary Studies , 40 (2), 179-195. Farsakh, L. (2011). The One State Solution and the Israeli-Palestine Conflict: Palesitinian Challenges and Prospects. Middle East Journal , 65 (1), 55-71. Naqib, F. M. (2003). Economic Aspects of the Palestinian-Israeli Conflict: The Collapse of the Oslo Accord. Journal of International Development , 15 (4), 499-512. Palestine Liberation Organization (PLO). (2016). In Compton's by Britannica. Retrieved from http://kids.britannica.com/comptons/article-309059/Palestine-Liberation-Organizatio (The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise, 2016)n-PLO palistinefacts.org. (n.d.). Founding the Palistinian Liberation Organisation. Retrieved May 8, 2016, from palestinefacts.org: www.palestinefacts.org/pf_1948to1967_plo_backgd.php Reuveny, R. (2008). The Last Colonialist: Israel in the Occupied Territories since 1967. The Independant Review , 12 (3), 325-374.
- 21. References (Ctd) Rowley, C.K., & Taylor, J. (2006). The Israel and Palestine Land Settlement Problem, 1948-2005: An Analytical History. Public Choice (128), 77-90. The American-Israeli Cooperative Enterprise. (2016). Palistinian Liberation Organization PLO: History & Overview. Retrieved May 8, 2016, from Jewish Virtual Library: www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Terrorism/plo.html Zeep, I. G. (2000). A Muslim Primer: beginner's guide to Islam, (Vol. 2). University of Arkansaa Press.
Editor's Notes
- #3 The Palestinian cause was lobbied by the other Arab nations but Palestine wanted to exercise their own sense of self determination (Tino Rangatiratanga) The PLO was formed in 1964 by the Arab League of Nations Recognised by over 100 nations with whom it has diplomatic ties as being the “sole representative of Palestine”
- #4 Purpose: “The Liberation of Palestine” through armed struggle In 1968 the Palestinian National Charter was composed by the Palestinian National Council. It consisted of 33 Articles. Articles 7-10 refer to the Palestinian armed struggle
- #6 The Charter’s hard line stance regarding the re-establishment of a Palestinian State and the abolishment of Israel has created factions within the PLO. Some factions have maintained what has been stated within the Charter and others have taken a more compromising stance, hoping to have both Israel and Palestine living together as two separate States. These differences between factions has led to violent conflicts within the PLO. Different factions have also adopted different strategies, with some resorting to terrorism. Since 1968 the PLO has been dominated by FATAH, it was founded by Yasir Arafat. Others have included the Popular Front for the Liberation of Palestine (PFLP), the Democratic Front for the Liberation of Palestine (DFLP), and the Popular Struggle Front (PSF)
- #7 The PLO is run by an executive committee and a legislative body called the Palestine National Council (PNC). Ahmad Shukeiri was born in Lebanon to a Turkish mother, became a lawyer in Jordan and served as Syria’s Ambassador to the UN, Saudi Arabia’s Ambassador to the UN, and the Arab League’s Ambassador to the UN. Yasir Arafat became chairman in 1969, initially from a militant background he entered into secret peace talks with Israel in 1993 to secure the Oslo Peace Accord. Awarded a Nobel Prize for World Peace in 1994 Mahmoud Abbas has overseen a schism between Fatah (West Bank) and more militant Hamas (Gaza Strip). Abbas is opposed to armed struggle and has strong international support, working towards an independent Palestinian State.
- #8 It’s interesting to note how the ‘Middle East’ got its title, its to the East of the Colonial powers of Europe.
- #9 Illustration of the Arab League of Nations
- #10 Illustration of the growth of Israel from 1947 to present
- #11 Major roots of the Palestinan conflict are religion, Zionism and Israel’s Settlement Policy and the impacts of Israeli Settlements and Economics
- #12 Both Islam and Judaism whakapapa back to Abraham as their father. Abraham was promised by God his descendants would outnumber the the stars in the sky. When his barren wife Sarah was able to give birth, they consented to him fathering a child through Hagar, their maidservant. She had a son and he was called Ishmael. 14yrs later Sarah became pregnant and in her old age she bore a son whom she call Isaac. Hagar and Ishmael were eventually driven away from Abraham’s camp and the two half brothers were separated. Within Islam, Ishmael is recognised as their tupuna from whom the Prophet Muhammad and the Arab people descend. Within Judaism, Isaac is recognised as their tupuna, they claim he is the child of “God’s promise”, and Ishmael, although the first born wasn’t God’s promised child. The true heir of Abraham inherits the land of Canaan as outlined in Numbers 31:1-2
- #13 Theodor Herzl, known as the father of Zionism, developed a scheme of migration into Palestine in order to reclaim the land of Israel through the purchase of every acre if that is what it was going to take. Jews were migrating to Palestine from the late 1800s under the Zionist banner.
- #14 Zionism was not completely accepted by Jews
- #15 This is a timeline of Zionist strategy to implement the reclamation of ancient Israel
- #16 Israel’s settlement policy has granted incentives to Jews to build and acquire property and land in the Palestinian occupied territories. The national population growth of Israel is currently 2-3% however within the Palestinian occupied territories Israeli population growth is 6%.
- #17 The impact on the Palestinians has been severe unemployment, massive decline in trade, poverty and mass trans-border refugee migration into Jordan.
- #18 Israeli colonisation strategies have included no investment into Palestinian economy and hey have shaped territories to their own needs. Palestinians are likened to a low wage labour force. They are restricted to trade mostly with Israel and heavy regulation of primary industries includes multiple layers of Israeli tax. Palestinians are dependent on Israel and Israel imposes its security concerns upon the Palestinian population through checkpoints, curfews and security barriers.
- #19 These are the PLO responses which have ranged from peaceful protests to suicide bombing, The key date on the timeline is 11 September 2001 where global attitudes towards terrorism changed.