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Behind the Scenes Presented by : Dr. Quentin Park Doctor of Optometry
Goals or Purpose ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The History of Optometry Although optometry is relatively a new health care profession, its roots can be traced back through many centuries.
Note: The dates in this very abbreviated history are very approximate ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
History highlights  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
So Quentin, what’s your point? ,[object Object],[object Object]
Food for thought: The roles of optometrists, opticians, and ophthalmologists are sometimes confused.  Opticians  are unlicensed craftspeople who fabricate and dispense lenses and frames; they do not examine eyes or prescribe treatment.  Ophthalmologists  are licensed physicians who provide medical and surgical care of the eyes.
Thus, optometrists can be defined as….. ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Part Two: The Comprehensive eye exam
The goals of the comprehensive eye examination are to: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Clinical note: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
The primary care exam sequence can be grouped into four general areas: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CASE HISTORY ,[object Object],[object Object]
REFRACTIVE STATUS ,[object Object]
Visual Acuity ,[object Object]
Entrance Tests ,[object Object],- patient appearance   -a head tilt or turn can be a clue to an eye problem such as a compromised extraocular (eye) muscle.  - external ocular and facial areas   -signs such as excessive forehead wrinkling, lid droop or squinting give clues to ocular problems.  - pupillary responses   -changes or alterations in pupil size, shape or reaction to light serve as important diagnostic clues when assessing a patient's visual and neurological functioning.  - ocular motility tests   -eye movements are tested at near using a fixation bead to assess extraocular muscle function.
Cont’d ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Keratometry ,[object Object]
Refraction  ,[object Object]
“ phoropter” ,[object Object],                                                     
Retinoscopy ,[object Object]
Retinoscopy:  Shine retinoscope (bottom left image) on the eye to see a reflex movement. Neutralize this movement (bottom right image)using the phoropter lenses.
The neutralized movement (seen bottom left) will result in a estimated prescription of that eye
Retinoscopy cont’d ,[object Object]
BINOCULAR AND ACCOMMODATIVE STATUS ,[object Object],[object Object]
Binocular/Acc. Status cont’d ,[object Object]
These specific tests can be performed with or without the use of a phoropter:  Vs.
OCULAR HEALTH EVALUATION ,[object Object],[object Object]
 
 
 
 
 
Ocular Anatomy 101 ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object]
Direct Ophthalmoscopy ,[object Object]
Biomicroscopy  "Slit Lamp" ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Applanation Tonometry (Goldman) Using the tonometry attachment, the slit lamp can be used to measure the intraocular pressure (IOP) of the eye. This is one of the tests used to evaluate the presence or absence of glaucoma.                                                                                                             
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Binocular Indirect Ophthalmoscopy (BIO) ,[object Object]
Part III: Modernizing the Standard
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
CEO-Dr. Bill Park
THE ROTA TABLE
Rota Table allow the following tests to be performed: ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Frequency Doubling Technology(FDT)
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],FDT vs. Visual Field Fig 1. (lower left) Image of target pt. must click on during test
Canon Fundus Camera
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Autorefractor/Keratometer
Can you say air puff test? ,[object Object]
Canon Auto-tonometer  (glaucoma test) Not nearly as harsh as the old “air-puff” machines
Lensographer,Lensometer, Radiuscope
Corneal Topography
[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
Slit Lamp Digital Photography
[object Object]
Diabetes 101
EPIDEMIOLOGY (USA) ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object]
How does diabetes affect the retina?   ,[object Object]
ETDRS Severity Scale ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],“ BACKGROUND DIABETIC  RETINOPATHY” “ Proliferative Diabetic Retinopathy”
[object Object],Dot & Blot Hemorrhages
“ waxy” hard exudates
[object Object]
Neovascularization of the Disc
IF LEFT UNTREATED, 1/2 OF ALL PATIENTS WITH PDR WILL GO BLIND WITHIN 5 YEARS Beetham WP  Br J Ophthalmol  1963
[object Object]
Detection and Diagnosis ,[object Object],[object Object]
Treatment  ,[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
Thus, optometrists can be defined as….. ,[object Object]
Most Frequently Asked Questions
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[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]
[object Object],[object Object],[object Object]

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