Vision screening is a cost-effective method to identify people with visual impairments or eye conditions that require further evaluation. Screenings can be performed using various techniques like eye exams, mobile clinics, photoscreening, and visual acuity tests. The goal is to detect issues like refractive errors, strabismus, and amblyopia and refer individuals for comprehensive eye exams. Proper vision screening helps ensure early detection and treatment of vision problems.
Non - surgical treatment of squint i.e. all types of squint have some modalities of treatment [ optical treatment, orthoptic treatment, Prismo-therapy, and pharmacological treatment] except surgical treatment.
1. OPTICAL TREATMENT -
in optical treatment, it should be include correction of refractive error and prismotherapy.
SPECTACLES should be prescribed in every cases.
It may correct to squint partially or completely.
IN PRISMOTHERAPY, for correction of squint, This is light weight, and easy to apply on the back surface of glass.
It is useful in heterophoria, nystagmus, convergence insufficiency, managing diplopia and maintain binocular single vision.
IN PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT, miotics, atropine and botulinum toxin are prescribed in some types of cases of strabismus.
IN ORTHOPTIC TREATMENT, means straight eyes.
It is used as a diagnostic purpose and therapeutic purposes.
- to increase fusion amplitude.
- anti suppression exercises.
- treatment of amblyopia.
- treatment of abnormal retinal correspondance.
- to control deviations.
ORDER OF ORHOPTIC TREATMENT -
. amblyopia is treated firstly.
. anti- suppression therapy.
- diplopia training.
- amplitude improvement.
Non - surgical treatment of squint i.e. all types of squint have some modalities of treatment [ optical treatment, orthoptic treatment, Prismo-therapy, and pharmacological treatment] except surgical treatment.
1. OPTICAL TREATMENT -
in optical treatment, it should be include correction of refractive error and prismotherapy.
SPECTACLES should be prescribed in every cases.
It may correct to squint partially or completely.
IN PRISMOTHERAPY, for correction of squint, This is light weight, and easy to apply on the back surface of glass.
It is useful in heterophoria, nystagmus, convergence insufficiency, managing diplopia and maintain binocular single vision.
IN PHARMACOLOGICAL TREATMENT, miotics, atropine and botulinum toxin are prescribed in some types of cases of strabismus.
IN ORTHOPTIC TREATMENT, means straight eyes.
It is used as a diagnostic purpose and therapeutic purposes.
- to increase fusion amplitude.
- anti suppression exercises.
- treatment of amblyopia.
- treatment of abnormal retinal correspondance.
- to control deviations.
ORDER OF ORHOPTIC TREATMENT -
. amblyopia is treated firstly.
. anti- suppression therapy.
- diplopia training.
- amplitude improvement.
Aftercare and follow up visit of contact lens_ Tariq Al FayadTariq Al Fayad
Aftercare examinations should be undertaken routinely on all contact lens wearers, on the basis that ‘prevention is better than cure’. The first aftercare examination should ideally take place after 2–3 weeks.
Contact lens for congenital aphakia and other eye conditions for infants and toddlers. The slide presentation encompasses indications for CL fitting in paediatric, contact lens options, fitting techniques, challenges and contact lens as myopia control.
This is a guide for Visual function assessment in low vision. Useful for Optometrists in providing better care to Low vision Patients by assessing the conditions better.
If you are too experiencing issues with your eyes or the eyesight, an eye exam will come in handy. Here are some basic types of eye tests to detect issues.
Aftercare and follow up visit of contact lens_ Tariq Al FayadTariq Al Fayad
Aftercare examinations should be undertaken routinely on all contact lens wearers, on the basis that ‘prevention is better than cure’. The first aftercare examination should ideally take place after 2–3 weeks.
Contact lens for congenital aphakia and other eye conditions for infants and toddlers. The slide presentation encompasses indications for CL fitting in paediatric, contact lens options, fitting techniques, challenges and contact lens as myopia control.
This is a guide for Visual function assessment in low vision. Useful for Optometrists in providing better care to Low vision Patients by assessing the conditions better.
If you are too experiencing issues with your eyes or the eyesight, an eye exam will come in handy. Here are some basic types of eye tests to detect issues.
Nursing assessment and assessment of eyeNEHA BHARTI
examination of eye, Examination by ophthalmoscope,
assessment of the functions of eye, . PUPILLARY RESPONSE, FUNCTIONAL EXAMINATION, test for Focusing power, confrontation test, Colour sense test and visual acuity testing procedure etc
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
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Title: Sense of Smell
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the primary categories of smells and the concept of odor blindness.
Explain the structure and location of the olfactory membrane and mucosa, including the types and roles of cells involved in olfaction.
Describe the pathway and mechanisms of olfactory signal transmission from the olfactory receptors to the brain.
Illustrate the biochemical cascade triggered by odorant binding to olfactory receptors, including the role of G-proteins and second messengers in generating an action potential.
Identify different types of olfactory disorders such as anosmia, hyposmia, hyperosmia, and dysosmia, including their potential causes.
Key Topics:
Olfactory Genes:
3% of the human genome accounts for olfactory genes.
400 genes for odorant receptors.
Olfactory Membrane:
Located in the superior part of the nasal cavity.
Medially: Folds downward along the superior septum.
Laterally: Folds over the superior turbinate and upper surface of the middle turbinate.
Total surface area: 5-10 square centimeters.
Olfactory Mucosa:
Olfactory Cells: Bipolar nerve cells derived from the CNS (100 million), with 4-25 olfactory cilia per cell.
Sustentacular Cells: Produce mucus and maintain ionic and molecular environment.
Basal Cells: Replace worn-out olfactory cells with an average lifespan of 1-2 months.
Bowman’s Gland: Secretes mucus.
Stimulation of Olfactory Cells:
Odorant dissolves in mucus and attaches to receptors on olfactory cilia.
Involves a cascade effect through G-proteins and second messengers, leading to depolarization and action potential generation in the olfactory nerve.
Quality of a Good Odorant:
Small (3-20 Carbon atoms), volatile, water-soluble, and lipid-soluble.
Facilitated by odorant-binding proteins in mucus.
Membrane Potential and Action Potential:
Resting membrane potential: -55mV.
Action potential frequency in the olfactory nerve increases with odorant strength.
Adaptation Towards the Sense of Smell:
Rapid adaptation within the first second, with further slow adaptation.
Psychological adaptation greater than receptor adaptation, involving feedback inhibition from the central nervous system.
Primary Sensations of Smell:
Camphoraceous, Musky, Floral, Pepperminty, Ethereal, Pungent, Putrid.
Odor Detection Threshold:
Examples: Hydrogen sulfide (0.0005 ppm), Methyl-mercaptan (0.002 ppm).
Some toxic substances are odorless at lethal concentrations.
Characteristics of Smell:
Odor blindness for single substances due to lack of appropriate receptor protein.
Behavioral and emotional influences of smell.
Transmission of Olfactory Signals:
From olfactory cells to glomeruli in the olfactory bulb, involving lateral inhibition.
Primitive, less old, and new olfactory systems with different path
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
2. What is vision screening?
• Vision screening is an efficient and cost-
effective method to identify persons with
visual impairment or eye conditions that are
likely to lead to visual impairment so that a
referral can be made to an appropriate eye
care professional for further evaluation and
treatment.
3. How is vision screening performed?
• There are a number of methods used to
screen vision.
• Eye Examination:
• A comprehensive investigation of the eyes,
surrounding tissues and visual system,
• to identify and correct refractive error,
binocular abnormalities and diagnose primary
• ocular diseases or ocular diseases secondary
to systemic problems.
4. • Mobile Clinic:
• A practice which a practitioner conducts out
of a vehicle. This vehicle is used to
• move from place to place to offer care. The
goal of rendering service from a mobile
• clinic is to make health services accessible to
communities who are otherwise under
• serviced
5. VISION SCREENING
Protocols for industrial, corporate,
community and school screening
In serving its role of protecting and educating
the public and guiding the professions
6. • Preliminary Disciplinary Committees are
frequently faced with various issues
• pertaining to activities performed under the
guise of vision screening.
• These aberrant activities include canvassing
and touting of patients, exploiting
• medical aid benefits of members, over-
reaching for services rendered (i.e.
• performing a screening, but invoicing a full
examination fee), over-servicing and
7. Vision screening is an entry level investigative procedure where the goal
of the
activity is to identify individuals in need of referral for a comprehensive
examination.
As such - no definitive diagnosis, management or prescription is issued
from the
screening procedure. Outcomes of the screening process include the
provision of
referral notes to the individuals identified as requiring further
investigation and
generation of statistical reports for the respective corporate, industrial
or school
management.
8. 1.) Brief history
2.) Uncorrected VA ( R, L, Both) at 6m and 40cm
3.) Habitual VA (R, L, Both) at 6m and 40cm
4.) Pinhole VA (R, L, Both) at 6m and 40cm
(where VA<6/9) + lens evaluation (latent Hyperopia)
5.) Oculomotor evaluation (9 cardinal positions of gaze)
6.) Accommodative tests
7.) NPC
10. 1. Practices should be registered for
operation within a defined underserved
areaonly.
2. Equipment must be as defined for a
comprehensive visual examination
11. 3. Optical appliance dispensing must be
conducted by the original practitioner at the
site visited.
4. Stand alone mobile clinics are not
encouraged
12. • Inspection of the eye, pupils and red reflex
• This method can be used on children of all ages. At
each well child visit, the examiner uses a flashlight to
inspect the eyes for abnormality of shape or structure
and to detect irregularity in pupil shape. The pupil
constricts (become smaller) in bright light and dilates
(become larger) in the dark, and both pupils are the
same size.
13. An ophthalmoscope is used to observe the
red reflex of the eye. The red reflex is a
reflection from the lining of the inside of the
eye that causes the pupil to look red in
photographs. The red reflex should be bright
in both eyes and equal.
14. • Photoscreening
• This is an automated technique that uses the red
reflex to identify many types of eye problems. An
advantage of this screening is that it is quick and
thus useful in very young children. The newest
generation of photoscreeners provides immediate
information about the eye condition. There may be an
extra fee for this testing when performed at a
doctor's office. Some community screenings use this
method.
15. • Corneal light reflex testing
• This simple test can be performed on any child using a
penlight. As a child focuses on a penlight, the position of
the light reflection from the front surface (cornea) of the
eye is observed. The test is accurate only if the child looks
directly at the light and not to the side. Normally the
corneal light reflex is in sharp focus and centered on both
pupils The test is abnormal if the corneal light reflex is not
crisp and clear, or if it is "off-center."
16. • Cover testing
• This test detects misalignment of the eyes. While
the child focuses on a target, the examiner
covers each eye sequentially to look for a "shift"
in the alignment of the eyes. This test requires a
cooperative child (usually 3 years or older) and
an experienced examiner.
17. • Subjective visual acuity testing
• The use of an eye chart requires a cooperative
child, so successful testing is greatest with
children 3 years and older. Since it is the only
screening method that directly measures visual
acuity, it is the preferred exam for older children.
Modifications of the adult eye chart make it
easier to test children.
18. • What kinds of eye problems can be detected on a vision
screening?
• The main goal of vision screening is to identify children
who have or are at risk to develop amblyopia, which can
lead to permanent visual impairment unless treated in early
childhood. Other problems that can be detected by vision
screening include strabismus, cataracts, glaucoma,
refractive errors such as myopia ("nearsightedness"),
hyperopia ("farsightedness") and astigmatism, ptosis and
other more serious conditions such as tumors or
neurological diseases.
19. • Who performs vision screening?
• Pediatricians, family practitioners, nurses and
technicians can perform vision screening at
regular well care office visits. In addition, many
day care programs, churches, schools and health
departments offer vision screening programs for
children.
20. In summary, we can assure honest, reliable
and professional services, promoting quality
visual well-being programs within our clients
companies, inspiring productivity, safety and
good moral amongst employees.
21. Optometry practice management
Industrial optometric safety evaluation
Quality company and patient reports
Prescription Safety Spectacles & Safety
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