This document discusses various low vision charts used to test visual acuity, including distance and near vision charts. It provides details on charts such as the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart, Bailey-Lovie chart, Fein Bloom chart, Sloan chart, Lea's Symbol chart, Lea Paddle chart, Lea Greating chart, Cardiff acuity chart, and Allen cards. The charts differ in things like optotype configuration, testing distance, progression of optotype size, and use for adults versus children. LogMAR charts allow for consistent and accurate evaluation of visual acuity levels.

1. NAME : SWATI PANARA
FROM : BHARTIMAIYA COLLEGE
OF OPTOMETRY

2. LOW VISION CHART TYPES
DISTANCE
VISION CHART
NEAR VISION
CHART

3. DISTANCE VISION CHART
EARLY TREATMENT DIABETIC
RETINOPATHY STUDY
BAILEY LOVIE
FEIN BLOON
SLOAN
LEA’S SYMBOL
LEA GREATING
CARDIFF
LEA PADDLE

4. EARLY TREATMENT DIABETIC
RETINOPATHY STUDY
• It is based on log MAR chart.
• Chart maintains a consistent number of letters
(5) in each row with the optotype metric
progression as follows: 40, 32, 25, 20, 16, 12,
10, 8, 6, 5, 4, 3, 2.5, 2 ft.
• Geometric [LOG MAR] progression of size
differences between lines. Optotypes on each
line are 0.1 log unit, or 25% larger, than the
preceding line.

6. The logarithmic progression and proportional spacing of
optotypes allows for consistent and accurate evaluation
of visual acuity levels
Can be used at any distance, but testing distances are typically
4 m or 2 m
The acuity obtained is easily translatable into Snellen 20-ft
equivalent acuity by multiplying the fraction by 10/10.
Available in
 Landolt C configuration
 Numeric optotypes
 LEA Symbol Test System and
 HOTV chart for pediatric low vision patients.

7. BAILEY LOVIE CHART
– This chart is designed on a logarithmic basis.
– Same no. Of letters at each level .
– Between –letter & between-row
spacing proportional to letter size .
– Equal legibility for optotypes at each
level.
– Clinical scoring is reliable as each
letter is given a score.

9. Advantage of log MAR chart over
Snellen's chart
• It is used to find minimum visual acuity .
• It can be used for low vision patients.
• The rate of progression is slow .Each line
consists of 5 letters .
• If the patient cant read the side letters ,this
will give the motivation level to the patient .
• It is measured at a distance of 3 meter the
chart work up can also be done at a distance
1/2 meter .

10. Why Bailey Lovie Charts??
Advantages:
• Choice of metric “M” notation or Snellen’s equivalent
• A logarithmic size progression (constant ratio from one
size to the next)
• The same number of letters at each size level
• Between-letter and Between-row spacing proportional to
letter size
• Equal (or similar) average legibility for the optotypes at
each size level
• Three choices of test distance (3m,4m and 6m)

11. LOGMAR CHART

12. Disadvantages
• It is very costly.
• Care should be taken .

13. CARDIFF ACUITY
• The test is done at same eye level and the
patients eye movement is seen .
• It is a gross test and based on preferential
looking .
• It is the most common chart used for
screening , visual acuity for pediatric patient .
• The charts are changed fast so that patients
eye movement can be seen.

15. • It is done at a distance of 1 meter and if
patient can’t appreciate than the chart
workup can be done at 1/2meter also.
• The chart consist of a single picture object .
• The patient is shown the first object and than
the second card having the same object but at
different position is shown or the same first
card is rotated and shown to the patient .
• Eye movements are observed.

16. • Pictures of various edge thickness are shown.
• On a Rectangle Card , a picture is placed either
on top or bottom and the other place is kept
blank

17. • The pictures are of fish, house ,boat ,duck
etc…
• Another advantage of these chart is that the
conversions in foot ,meter, decimal and log
MAR for 1meter and ½ meter are given itself
behind the card so that vision can be recorded
accurately.
•

18. FEIN BLOOM CHART
• Fein bloom distance low vision flip chart.
• Use at 10 Ft covers 10/10 to 10/700 all
numbers.
• Printed on styrene for durability with vinyl
spiral bound covers.
• The original Fein bloom low vision distance
booklet is spiral bound at the bottom of the
pages.
• Size is 9×6 inch.

20. SLOAN CHART
• This design given by lousie Sloan in 1959.
• Sloan eye test uses logarithmic format and
equivalent on each side.
• Uses traditional opto type that follow a 5×5
grid idea.
• They include log MAR , decimal , 10 feet , and
meters for easy acuity recording.
• This sets of opto types consist of 10 specially
formed ‘’LETTERS’’ C D H K N O R S V Z.

22. • Charts comes in 3 scrabled version ( CAT. NO ,
2120 A , 2120 B & 2120 C ) or an identical
reserved opto type charts.
• CAT. NO , 2120 R – used for mirror testing in
smaller offices.

23. LEA’S SYMBOL
• Four symbols are used (House, Square, Ball,
Apple)
• Based on Log MAR progression.
• Tested at 4 meters.
• Recorded in log units, which can be converted
to Snellen fraction.
• Key card is available

25. • The chart is available in simple as well as spiral
booklet form .
• The main card consist of 5 symbols with one
symbols in centre and the rest 4 are located in
circular form around the central symbol .
• These arrangement is done in particular to
develop both crowding and confusing
phenomenon for the child difficulty

27. • The examiner shows normally centre symbol
but at the same time he can ask for other
symbols too.
• The patient is given a key card to point out the
symbol .
• These symbols are fixed and are kept a
standard like apple ,house ,circle ,square etc ..
• The size of pictures goes on decreasing from
3/9.5 to 3/2.4 and there are four cards for
each size .

28. ADVANTAGE
• Use clinically tested opto type which provide a
narrow acuity threshold.
• Distance and near vision cards included in one
binding.
• Show both metric and English measure.
• Can be used at 3 or 1.5 meters and near at 16
inch.

29. LEA PADDLE CHART
• It is based on preferentional looking.
• Two paddles are shown to the patient, one
blank and another with stripes on it.
• Thickness of the stripes goes on decreasing
• Testing Distance is 1mt.
• 0.25, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 4.0, and 8.0 cpcm (cycles
per centimeter of surface)

30. • The chart is placed at a distance of 1m from
the patient .
• It is usually used for the age group of 3 to 9
months .
• There are cards available of various thickness
of lines .

31. • At a time two cards are held in front of the
patient .The blank in front and the one with lines
i.e. , held behind it .
• Then immediately the second card is flipped out
and we keep on changing the positions.
• The patient should appreciate the card with lines
.
• The test is done at same eye level and the eye
movement of patient is seen .
• It is necessary to fixate the patients attention.
• It give only approximate value and so we can’t.

33. LEA GREATING
• It is based on log MAR chart.
• Testing distance is 3 meter.
• Used for pre school children.

34. TELLER CARDS
• Almost same as lea paddle or Cardiff.
• Based on preferentional looking test.
• Testing distance at 3 meters.
• Rectangle cards are used.
• This can be used as measure of grating acuity.
• Preferential looking test proves to be successful in
checking visual acuity of children in age group 2
months to 12 months.
• The Teller Acuity Test is also useful when testing
adult patients who are unable to respond verbally
during screening..

36. • Thickness of the stripes goes on decreasing
• Patients fixation is noted by examiner through
a peep hole.
• Visual acuity from 6/60 to 6/6 is recorded.

38. ALLEN CARDS
• It is same of teller.
• Testing distance is 3 meters.
• Different pictures like Horse, Car, Cake etc of
different sizes are shown to the patient.
• Patient has to identify the symbol.
• No Key card available.
• Visual acuity recorded from 6/60 to 6/6

40. • It consist of a set of seven card with each card
containing a single picture .
• It is usually used for 2 yrs old child and older .
• The child is first shown cards at close range
with both eyes open and is asked to name
each picture .
• Then one eye of patient is occluded the
examiner shuffles the cards and presents
them individually over greater distances.

41. THANK
YOU