Pathology of Cardiomyopathies
Literally means “disease of the heart muscle”.
Term “cardiomyopathy” is used to describe heart disease resulting from an abnormality in the myocardium.
Diseases of the myocardium usually produce:
>abnormalities in cardiac wall thickness and chamber size.
>mechanical or electrical dysfunction
>associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
Pathology of Cardiomyopathies
Literally means “disease of the heart muscle”.
Term “cardiomyopathy” is used to describe heart disease resulting from an abnormality in the myocardium.
Diseases of the myocardium usually produce:
>abnormalities in cardiac wall thickness and chamber size.
>mechanical or electrical dysfunction
>associated with significant morbidity and mortality.
This presentation is an overview of congenital cyanotic heart diseases, with a special discussion on Tetralogy of Fallot. We discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations as well as the most updated management options for treating this condition. The topic ends with a few important complications seen in TOF patients. Hope you find it useful.
You can follow us on: Facebook page 'Neonatohub' (online academic platform) OR visit our YouTube channel 'Neonatohub' for more paediatric and neonatology presentations.
presentation regarding investigations and treatment of heart failure in pediatrics, including the management of an emergency , and includes brief description about even drugs used
Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a disease that is characterized by fibrosis of the apical endocardium of the right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV), or both.
The clinical manifestations are largely related to the consequences of restrictive ventricular filling, including left and right sided heart failure.
The heart failure is associated with atrioventricular-valve regurgitation.
Endomyocardial fibrosis is a major cause of illness and death in areas where it is endemic, and in its severest form carries a very poor prognosis, with an estimated survival of 2 years after diagnosis.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components—
non-restrictive large subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD),
Infundibular stenosis,
overriding aorta and
right ventricular hypertrophy.
This presentation is an overview of congenital cyanotic heart diseases, with a special discussion on Tetralogy of Fallot. We discuss the pathophysiology, clinical manifestations as well as the most updated management options for treating this condition. The topic ends with a few important complications seen in TOF patients. Hope you find it useful.
You can follow us on: Facebook page 'Neonatohub' (online academic platform) OR visit our YouTube channel 'Neonatohub' for more paediatric and neonatology presentations.
presentation regarding investigations and treatment of heart failure in pediatrics, including the management of an emergency , and includes brief description about even drugs used
Endomyocardial fibrosis (EMF) is a disease that is characterized by fibrosis of the apical endocardium of the right ventricle (RV), left ventricle (LV), or both.
The clinical manifestations are largely related to the consequences of restrictive ventricular filling, including left and right sided heart failure.
The heart failure is associated with atrioventricular-valve regurgitation.
Endomyocardial fibrosis is a major cause of illness and death in areas where it is endemic, and in its severest form carries a very poor prognosis, with an estimated survival of 2 years after diagnosis.
Tetralogy of Fallot (TOF) is a congenital heart defect, which has four anatomical components—
non-restrictive large subaortic ventricular septal defect (VSD),
Infundibular stenosis,
overriding aorta and
right ventricular hypertrophy.
- Video recording of this lecture in English language: https://youtu.be/lK81BzxMqdo
- Video recording of this lecture in Arabic language: https://youtu.be/Ve4P0COk9OI
- Link to download the book free: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/nephrotube-nephrology-books.html
- Link to NephroTube website: www.NephroTube.com
- Link to NephroTube social media accounts: https://nephrotube.blogspot.com/p/join-nephrotube-on-social-media.html
These simplified slides by Dr. Sidra Arshad present an overview of the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract.
Learning objectives:
1. Enlist the non-respiratory functions of the respiratory tract
2. Briefly explain how these functions are carried out
3. Discuss the significance of dead space
4. Differentiate between minute ventilation and alveolar ventilation
5. Describe the cough and sneeze reflexes
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 39, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 34, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
3. Chapter 17, Human Physiology by Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
4. Non-respiratory functions of the lungs https://academic.oup.com/bjaed/article/13/3/98/278874
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Pulmonary Thromboembolism - etilogy, types, medical- Surgical and nursing man...VarunMahajani
Disruption of blood supply to lung alveoli due to blockage of one or more pulmonary blood vessels is called as Pulmonary thromboembolism. In this presentation we will discuss its causes, types and its management in depth.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
New Directions in Targeted Therapeutic Approaches for Older Adults With Mantl...i3 Health
i3 Health is pleased to make the speaker slides from this activity available for use as a non-accredited self-study or teaching resource.
This slide deck presented by Dr. Kami Maddocks, Professor-Clinical in the Division of Hematology and
Associate Division Director for Ambulatory Operations
The Ohio State University Comprehensive Cancer Center, will provide insight into new directions in targeted therapeutic approaches for older adults with mantle cell lymphoma.
STATEMENT OF NEED
Mantle cell lymphoma (MCL) is a rare, aggressive B-cell non-Hodgkin lymphoma (NHL) accounting for 5% to 7% of all lymphomas. Its prognosis ranges from indolent disease that does not require treatment for years to very aggressive disease, which is associated with poor survival (Silkenstedt et al, 2021). Typically, MCL is diagnosed at advanced stage and in older patients who cannot tolerate intensive therapy (NCCN, 2022). Although recent advances have slightly increased remission rates, recurrence and relapse remain very common, leading to a median overall survival between 3 and 6 years (LLS, 2021). Though there are several effective options, progress is still needed towards establishing an accepted frontline approach for MCL (Castellino et al, 2022). Treatment selection and management of MCL are complicated by the heterogeneity of prognosis, advanced age and comorbidities of patients, and lack of an established standard approach for treatment, making it vital that clinicians be familiar with the latest research and advances in this area. In this activity chaired by Michael Wang, MD, Professor in the Department of Lymphoma & Myeloma at MD Anderson Cancer Center, expert faculty will discuss prognostic factors informing treatment, the promising results of recent trials in new therapeutic approaches, and the implications of treatment resistance in therapeutic selection for MCL.
Target Audience
Hematology/oncology fellows, attending faculty, and other health care professionals involved in the treatment of patients with mantle cell lymphoma (MCL).
Learning Objectives
1.) Identify clinical and biological prognostic factors that can guide treatment decision making for older adults with MCL
2.) Evaluate emerging data on targeted therapeutic approaches for treatment-naive and relapsed/refractory MCL and their applicability to older adults
3.) Assess mechanisms of resistance to targeted therapies for MCL and their implications for treatment selection
NVBDCP.pptx Nation vector borne disease control programSapna Thakur
NVBDCP was launched in 2003-2004 . Vector-Borne Disease: Disease that results from an infection transmitted to humans and other animals by blood-feeding arthropods, such as mosquitoes, ticks, and fleas. Examples of vector-borne diseases include Dengue fever, West Nile Virus, Lyme disease, and malaria.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
1. Disease of myocardiumDisease of myocardium
2 categories2 categories
1.1. Primary or non specific idiopathic cardiomyopathyPrimary or non specific idiopathic cardiomyopathy
2.2. Specific heart muscle diseaseSpecific heart muscle disease
a)a) MyocarditisMyocarditis
b)b) Heart muscle disease in other associationHeart muscle disease in other association
Toxic e.g. alcoholToxic e.g. alcohol
Metabolic – hypokaelaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyperthyroidism,Metabolic – hypokaelaemia, hyperkalaemia, hyperthyroidism,
hypothyroidismhypothyroidism
2. MyocarditisMyocarditis
Inflammation of myocardium having leukocyte infiltration & degenerationInflammation of myocardium having leukocyte infiltration & degeneration
or non-ischaemic necrosis of myocytesor non-ischaemic necrosis of myocytes
EtiologyEtiology
1. Infective1. Infective
Viral – Coxsackie A, Influenza, Entero, HIV, Adeno, CMVViral – Coxsackie A, Influenza, Entero, HIV, Adeno, CMV
Chlamydia and RickettsiaChlamydia and Rickettsia
Bacteria – diphtheria, Neisseria, BorreliaBacteria – diphtheria, Neisseria, Borrelia
Fungal & Protozoa – Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma, TrichinellaFungal & Protozoa – Trypanosoma, Toxoplasma, Trichinella
2. Hypersensitivity2. Hypersensitivity
SLE, RHD, graft rejectionSLE, RHD, graft rejection
Drugs: penicillinDrugs: penicillin
3. Idiopathic3. Idiopathic
Giant cell myocarditisGiant cell myocarditis
3. Myocarditis MorphologyMyocarditis Morphology
GrossGross
Dilated, flabby heart, pale patches with hemorrhage giving mottledDilated, flabby heart, pale patches with hemorrhage giving mottled
appearance, abscess if bacterialappearance, abscess if bacterial
All 4 chambers may show dilatationsAll 4 chambers may show dilatations
Dilated, globoid heart in myocarditis
4. MicroscopicMicroscopic
Interstitial inflammatory infiltrate with myocyte necrosis, fibrosis, viralInterstitial inflammatory infiltrate with myocyte necrosis, fibrosis, viral
inclusion bodiesinclusion bodies
Mononuclear cells – idiopathic or viralMononuclear cells – idiopathic or viral
Neutrophils – bacterialNeutrophils – bacterial
Eosinophils –hypersensitivity or protozoaEosinophils –hypersensitivity or protozoa
bacterial myocarditis with intralesional
bacteria
viral myocarditis with lymphocyte
infiltration
6. Dilated CardiomyopathyDilated Cardiomyopathy
Heart (especially the left ventricle) is enlarged and the pumpingHeart (especially the left ventricle) is enlarged and the pumping
function is diminishedfunction is diminished
Associated with hypertrophy, dilatation and systolic dysfunction ofAssociated with hypertrophy, dilatation and systolic dysfunction of
heartheart
Gross – dilatation,Gross – dilatation,
7. Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy( HOCM)/Hypertrophic Obstructive Cardiomyopathy( HOCM)/
idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis( IHSS)idiopathic hypertrophic subaortic stenosis( IHSS)
Heart muscle is thickened, which causes diastolic dysfunctionHeart muscle is thickened, which causes diastolic dysfunction
And LA dilationAnd LA dilation
8. Restrictive CardiomyopathyRestrictive Cardiomyopathy
uncommon cardiomyopathyuncommon cardiomyopathy
Walls of the ventricles are stiff, but may not be thickened, and resistWalls of the ventricles are stiff, but may not be thickened, and resist
the normal filling of the heart with blood.the normal filling of the heart with blood.
Atrial dilataion due to inadequate ventricular fillingAtrial dilataion due to inadequate ventricular filling
Endomyocardial fibrosis of a ventricular
wall. When extensive, this would cause
restrictive heart failure too.
9. Write short notes on myocarditisWrite short notes on myocarditis
Write short notes on pericarditisWrite short notes on pericarditis
10. Write short notes on myocarditisWrite short notes on myocarditis
Write short notes on pericarditisWrite short notes on pericarditis