7 j electrical circuits
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The document discusses electrical circuits and their components. It explains series and parallel circuits, how current flows through each, and how to measure current using an ammeter. Series circuits have the same current at all points, while in parallel circuits the current splits to travel multiple paths. Parallel circuits allow adding appliances without affecting others and prevent a single fault from disabling the entire circuit. Fuses act as safety devices that melt under excess current to break the circuit and protect appliances and users.
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Most people do know what miniature circuit breaker is, but they may not know how miniature circuit breaker works, and how they protects from short circuit and overload, as they don’t know miniature circuit breaker construction, which is exactly the basic for knowing more about miniature circuit breaker.Here we analyse the construction with example of breaker SLB1-63, which is mainly composed of parts as below:
(1) Operating handle: for circuit breaker’s switching, closing and resetting manually, also for locally instructing circuit breaker’s state of switching and closing
(2) Tripping mechanism (including lock catch, lever and tripping panel): for connecting and separating from contact
(3) Wiring terminals: for wiring at top and bottom
(4) Device for contact (including moving and static contacts and joint plate): for current switched on and cut off
(5) Bimetal strips: bimetal strips bend as two bimetal strips have different coefficients of thermal expansion, the bending angle increases as overload current rises, which makes bimetal strips touch lever and then push tripping mechanism, thus making miniature circuit breaker play the role of overload protection
(6) Eletromagnetic solenoid (also called as instantaneous coil): when short-circuit happens, large current goes through induction coil, which will cause a strong suction and then push lever, making circuit breaker trips fast
(7) Adjusting screw: for factory workers to adjust tightness of bimetal strips, thus realizing adjustment of tripping current value of overload
(8) Arc-suppression device (including arc extinguish chamber and run-on plate): for arc suppressing
(9) Circuit breaker case, including base and cover
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A circuit is a closed loop that allows electric charges to flow continuously from the positive terminal of a battery or other energy source, through external components, and back to the negative terminal. For a circuit to work, it must include an energy source that establishes a potential difference to drive the movement of charges along a conducting loop between the source's terminals. Common circuit components include batteries, wires, light bulbs, and resistors, with circuits classified as either series or parallel depending on how the components are connected.
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This lesson covers series and parallel circuits. In a series circuit, the current has only one path and the current is the same through each resistor. A parallel circuit has two or more paths for current and the voltage is the same across each component. The lesson objectives are to identify and explain series and parallel circuits, apply Ohm's law in series circuits, and compare series and parallel circuits. Students will also learn to use parallel circuits as current dividers.
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Miniature circuit breaker construction, can't be more specific any more! Guangzhou Shilin Electrical Co., Ltd.
Most people do know what miniature circuit breaker is, but they may not know how miniature circuit breaker works, and how they protects from short circuit and overload, as they don’t know miniature circuit breaker construction, which is exactly the basic for knowing more about miniature circuit breaker.Here we analyse the construction with example of breaker SLB1-63, which is mainly composed of parts as below:
(1) Operating handle: for circuit breaker’s switching, closing and resetting manually, also for locally instructing circuit breaker’s state of switching and closing
(2) Tripping mechanism (including lock catch, lever and tripping panel): for connecting and separating from contact
(3) Wiring terminals: for wiring at top and bottom
(4) Device for contact (including moving and static contacts and joint plate): for current switched on and cut off
(5) Bimetal strips: bimetal strips bend as two bimetal strips have different coefficients of thermal expansion, the bending angle increases as overload current rises, which makes bimetal strips touch lever and then push tripping mechanism, thus making miniature circuit breaker play the role of overload protection
(6) Eletromagnetic solenoid (also called as instantaneous coil): when short-circuit happens, large current goes through induction coil, which will cause a strong suction and then push lever, making circuit breaker trips fast
(7) Adjusting screw: for factory workers to adjust tightness of bimetal strips, thus realizing adjustment of tripping current value of overload
(8) Arc-suppression device (including arc extinguish chamber and run-on plate): for arc suppressing
(9) Circuit breaker case, including base and cover
Items above are the main parts for a MCB. After you really know these main parts and their functions, you will naturally understand how a miniature circuit breaker works!
For more useful manuals, please visit www.miniature-circuit-breaker.com! P13 syllabus statements
This document outlines the syllabus statements for an electric circuits course. It covers drawing and interpreting circuit diagrams with various components. It also covers series and parallel circuits, including calculating resistance and current. Thermistors, light-dependent resistors, and relays are described as well as their uses in switching circuits, light sensitive switches, and temperature alarms. Circuits are examined from both theoretical and practical perspectives.
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This document provides an introduction to using NI Multisim software to simulate electronic circuits. It discusses the history of Multisim, originally called Electronics Workbench, and how it has been used as an educational tool. The document then briefly explains Kirchhoff's current and voltage laws, which describe the relationship between currents and voltages in an electrical circuit. Kirchhoff's laws state that the sum of currents entering and leaving a junction must be equal, and that the sum of the voltages around any closed loop in a circuit must be zero.
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1. The document discusses series circuits and how voltage is divided among resistors in series. It explains that the total resistance of resistors in series is equal to the sum of the individual resistances.
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In a series circuit, there is only one path for electricity to flow through the loads. The total resistance is calculated by adding the individual resistances together. The same current flows through each load and the total voltage is the sum of the voltages across each load.
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This document discusses series circuits. It defines a series circuit as one where current has only one path through all of the resistors. It outlines three learning objectives: 1) identifying series circuits, 2) understanding relationships between voltage, current, and resistance in series circuits, and 3) computing missing variables given two others. The key concepts covered are that total resistance equals the sum of individual resistances, current is the same throughout, total voltage equals the sum of individual voltage drops, and examples are provided to demonstrate these principles.
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- A three-phase power system uses three AC voltage sources phase-shifted 120 degrees from each other to power loads. This allows the same power to be delivered using the same conductor currents as a split-phase system, while further reducing system voltage for safety. Three-phase systems can deliver more power without adding conductors.
Single phase power systems
- A single-phase power system uses a single AC voltage source to power loads. A split-phase system uses two in-phase AC sources in series to provide power at more than one voltage, reducing conductor needs.
- A three-phase power system uses three AC voltage sources phase-shifted 120 degrees from each other to power loads. This allows the same power to be delivered using the same conductor currents as a split-phase system, while further reducing system voltage for safety. Neutral conductors are added for load stability if one fails. Three-phase systems provide greater efficiency than single-phase or split-phase alternatives.
Presentation of Current elactricity-VIII .pptx
1. The document discusses electric circuits and current electricity, including definitions of resistance, types of materials used for resistance, unidirectional and alternating current, potential difference, Ohm's law, series and parallel circuits, and instruments used to measure current and voltage.
2. It defines key concepts like resistance, potential difference, Ohm's law, and different types of currents. Circuits can be connected in series or parallel and different instruments like ammeters and voltmeters are used to measure current and voltage.
3. Effective use of electricity and stopping wastage is also discussed, recommending techniques like using CFL bulbs, pressure cookers, avoiding unnecessary AC use, buying optimally sized appliances, and
Parallel Circuits
This document discusses parallel circuits. It defines a parallel circuit as one where current divides into two or more paths before recombining. Each load receives the full voltage, and total current equals the sum of branch currents. It provides the formula for calculating total resistance and conductance in parallel circuits as the inverse of the sum of the inverse of individual resistances. The current divider rule states current through a branch is proportional to the ratio of its resistance to total resistance. Applications include household wiring, computer hardware, lighting systems, and power grids.
Current
This document discusses electric circuits and their components. It defines electric current as the rate of flow of electric charge. There are three main types of circuits: simple circuits which have one path for current to flow, series circuits where the components are connected end to end so current flows through them sequentially, and parallel circuits which have multiple separate paths for current. Key components of circuits include sources of current like batteries, switches, connecting wires, ammeters to measure current, voltmeters to measure potential difference, and loads which are devices that use the electric current like light bulbs.
ABB DC Circuit Breakers Catalog
ABB DC Circuit Breakers Catalog.
For those who are finding standard electrical protection soultions for solar cell application.
FAULT Analysis presentation Armstrong
This document presents information on symmetrical and asymmetrical short circuit calculations. It begins by introducing the goals of appreciating Ohmic and MVA methods for symmetrical faults and symmetrical components for asymmetrical faults. It then discusses symmetrical three-phase faults which affect phases equally and can be analyzed using a single phase. Asymmetrical faults include various line-to-line and line-to-ground faults which are analyzed using symmetrical components and sequence networks. The document provides background on symmetrical components and defines positive and negative sequence components.
SCIENCE-PARALLEL CIRCUIT.pptx
A parallel circuit contains multiple paths for current to flow through electrical devices connected in a branched manner, with each device independent of the others. Unlike a series circuit, the voltage remains the same at all points in a parallel circuit. If one device fails, the others will continue working, and adding or removing devices does not affect the others.
Electronics 01
This document provides parts lists and instructions for a basic electricity/electronics workshop. It lists required parts like a power supply, multimeter, breadboard, wires, LED, resistors, capacitor, and transistor. It then provides explanations of key electrical concepts like current, voltage, resistance, and Ohm's law. It also explains how to identify the positive and negative terminals of a power supply using a multimeter and how breadboards work for building circuits.
12 electriciy
This document provides information about basic electric circuits, including:
1) Circuit symbols are used to simplify diagrams of electrical components like batteries, bulbs, switches, etc.
2) Materials are classified as conductors that allow electricity to flow or insulators that do not.
3) Electric current is actually a flow of electrons through a circuit from the negative terminal of a battery to the positive terminal.
Electrical wiring
This document discusses basic electrical wiring and safety. It notes that approximately 290 people die from accidental electrocutions each year in the US, while 800 additional deaths result from electrical fires. Thousands more are injured. Proper electrical wiring and grounding is needed to prevent these accidents. The document then explains the basics of electricity, electrical circuits, different types of current, electrical service entrances, circuit breaker panels, proper wiring of devices, and basic symbols used in wiring diagrams.
Substation equipments & its functions
This document provides information on various types of equipment used in electrical substations and their functions:
- Lightning arrestors protect the substation from high voltages by pulling lightning to ground.
- Current and potential transformers step down high voltages and currents to measurable levels for monitoring and protection.
- A wave trap traps unwanted waves on incoming feeders.
- A circuit breaker automatically breaks the circuit during faults to prevent equipment damage.
- Transformers step down transmission line voltages within the substation for distribution.
Circuits ppt unit 1 s2
Circuits can be connected in either series or parallel configurations. In a series circuit, current must flow through components one after the other and the total resistance is equal to the sum of the individual resistances. In a parallel circuit, there are multiple paths for current to flow and the voltage is the same across each branch while the current depends on the resistance of each branch. Electricity is measured and paid for based on kilowatt-hours which represents the energy used over time.
Short-Circuit calculation -Ppt-Slides - Copy.ppt
The document discusses short circuits (faults) in electrical systems. It defines a short circuit as a low resistance path allowing current to flow along an unintended path. Short circuits can damage equipment and endanger safety if fault currents exceed ratings. The document then provides details on types of short circuits including shunt faults like line-to-ground and line-to-line, and series faults like open circuits. Short circuit studies are important to ensure protection devices and equipment can withstand fault currents.
Basic electronics
This document provides a basic introduction to electronics and defines some key concepts. It explains that voltage causes current flow, and that current can be used to power devices. It defines voltage and resistance, the units used to measure them, and how components like batteries, resistors, ammeters and lamps function in simple circuits. The document aims to provide just enough knowledge to understand simple control circuits for devices described later.
Inductors
This document discusses inductors and transformers. It begins by explaining how a coil of wire produces magnetism when electric current passes through it. It then describes how transformers work, using two coils - when the magnetic field in one coil changes, it induces a voltage in the other coil. The document provides examples of using transformers to step up or step down voltages. It also discusses how inductors resist rapid changes in electric current due to their magnetic fields, and how this property is used in applications like transformers, motors, and snubbers.
Chapter 32
All complete electrical circuits have a power source, circuit protection, a power path, an electrical load, and a ground return path. A short-to-voltage involves a copper-to-copper connection that can affect multiple circuits. A short-to-ground involves a copper-to-steel connection and usually blows a fuse. An open circuit is a break in the path resulting in no current flow.
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Internation relations history revision 2
The Germans deeply resented the Treaty of Versailles for several reasons:
1. They felt the war guilt clause holding Germany solely responsible was unjust, as they saw the war as one of self-defense.
2. The large reparations bill of 132 billion gold marks, along with territorial losses of 13% of land and 10% of industry, seemed impossible for Germany to pay back given the economic damage of the war.
3. The military restrictions, which drastically reduced the army, navy, and banned the air force and submarines, felt like humiliation to Germans and left them defenseless.
They saw the treaty as an unfair "diktat" imposed on them without any ability to
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This document outlines key political and social reforms that occurred in Britain between 1890-1918. It discusses the formation of the Labour Party in 1900 and liberal reforms passing acts like free school meals, old age pensions, and national insurance. It also covers the growing women's suffrage movement and actions taken by suffragettes to gain voting rights for women, as well as the impact of World War 1 on British society through conscription, women entering the workforce, and propaganda efforts.
Atoms, elements and the periodic table
This document discusses atoms, elements, and the periodic table. It contains the following key points:
1. Atoms are composed of protons, neutrons, and electrons. Protons and neutrons are located in the nucleus, while electrons orbit the nucleus. The number of protons determines the element.
2. Elements are arranged in the periodic table in order of increasing atomic number. Elements in the same vertical column have similar properties.
3. The periodic table allows scientists to predict properties and discover "missing" elements based on patterns in electronic structure and atomic structure.
8 b respiration
The document is about respiration and contains the following key points:
1. Respiration is the process the body uses to release energy from digested food, mainly glucose. It occurs through aerobic respiration, which uses oxygen, and anaerobic respiration, which does not use oxygen.
2. The circulatory system, including the blood, heart, blood vessels and lungs, transports oxygen and glucose to cells and removes waste carbon dioxide.
3. Breathing brings oxygen into the lungs and removes carbon dioxide, with gas exchange occurring in tiny air sacs called alveoli.
3.1 food webs_all_around
The fox is a tertiary consumer and carnivore. It preys on other animals like voles, rabbits and hedgehogs in the food web.
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This document discusses pressure and moments. It defines pressure as force over area and explains how pressure increases with depth and is equal in all directions at a given depth. Pressure depends on both the applied force and contact area. Several pressure calculation examples are provided. Moments are defined as turning forces, calculated as force times distance from the pivot. Balanced and unbalanced moments are discussed, as well as stability as it relates to the center of mass.
9 k speeding up
The document contains information about speed, distance, time, balanced and unbalanced forces, air resistance, terminal velocity, and velocity-time graphs. It includes examples of calculating speed from distance and time. It explains that balanced forces cause an object to remain stationary while unbalanced forces cause motion, using a camel standing versus falling as examples. Air resistance is defined and factors affecting it are described. The concept of terminal velocity for skydivers is explained, where air resistance eventually balances weight. A velocity-time graph illustrates changes in speed over the phases of skydiving.
9 j gravity and space
1) Gravity is an attractive force that depends on the mass of objects and the distance between them. It affects anything with mass.
2) On Earth, gravitational field strength is 10N/kg. An object's weight is calculated by multiplying its mass by gravitational field strength. Some examples of weight calculations on Earth are provided.
3) When a rocket launches from Earth, the force needed to accelerate it decreases as it gains distance from Earth and loses mass by burning fuel, both of which decrease the gravitational force pulling it downwards.
9 i energy and electricity
The document discusses different types of energy including heat, kinetic, nuclear, sound, light, chemical, electrical, gravitational potential, and elastic potential. It provides examples of energy changes for different systems like a light bulb, electric fire, rock dropping, and arrow being fired. The document also discusses electrical energy and how electrons move through circuits. Additional topics covered include fuels, renewable energy sources, parts of a power station, energy transfer diagrams, and example questions.
9 h using chemistry
The document discusses different types of fuels and how they burn. It explains that fuels contain carbon and hydrogen and burn by reacting with oxygen to produce water, carbon dioxide, or carbon monoxide depending on the amount of oxygen present. Hydrogen burns to produce water. Displacement reactions between metals of different reactivity can produce energy, as demonstrated by reactions between magnesium and copper sulfate or zinc and copper sulfate. Connecting metals of varying reactivity can create an electrical current. Chemical reactions conserve mass, as demonstrated by the balanced equations presented.
9 g environmental chemistry
Most of the Earth is covered by a layer of soil made up of small fragments of rock, living and dead vegetation like moss and peat, and dead animals. Some plants prefer acidic soil and some prefer alkaline soil. To make soil more alkaline, calcium carbonate can be added, while sulfuric acid is used to make it more acidic. Acid rain damages trees and buildings and can harm wildlife. It is caused by sulfur dioxide and nitrogen oxides from power station and volcano emissions reacting with water and oxygen in the air. Air pollution comes from dust, pollen, lead, and carbon monoxide, which are mostly man-made, so ways to reduce it include more efficient engines, catalytic converters, low-
9 f patterns of reactivity
1) Metals have high melting points and conduct heat and electricity well, whereas non-metals have lower melting points and do not conduct well. Metals are strong but can bend, while non-metals are usually brittle or snap.
2) When metals react with oxygen, they form metal oxides, such as magnesium reacting with oxygen to form magnesium oxide. Metals reacting with water form metal hydroxides or oxides along with hydrogen gas.
3) Metals react with acids to form salts and hydrogen gas, such as calcium reacting with hydrochloric acid to form calcium chloride and hydrogen.
9 e reactions of metals
This document contains notes from chemistry lessons on 23/09/15 covering reactions of metals, metal compounds, carbonates, and oxides with acids. It includes example reactions and spaces for students to write out additional reactions, such as calcium + hydrochloric acid yields calcium chloride + hydrogen. The document also covers testing for hydrogen gas and carbon dioxide gas, as well as neutralization reactions between acids and bases.
9 d plants for food
Plants are producers that use photosynthesis to convert the sun's energy into food. A food chain shows how energy passes from one organism to another, starting with plants and ending with animals that eat other animals. While chemicals like fertilizers, herbicides, and pesticides can help plants grow, they can also disrupt food chains and accumulate in organisms as they move up the chain. Insecticides in particular can build up in small water plants and progressively concentrate in each successive stage, potentially harming fish and other animals at the top of aquatic food chains.
9 c plants and photosynthesis
Plants undergo photosynthesis, which requires carbon dioxide, water, sunlight and chlorophyll. The chemical reaction of photosynthesis uses these inputs to produce glucose and oxygen. The glucose is used and stored by the plant, undergoing respiration to produce energy. Photosynthesis occurs in palisade cells in leaves, which contain chloroplasts and chlorophyll. A starch test can show if photosynthesis occurred through observing color changes with iodine.
9 b fit and healthy
The document discusses several body systems and how they work together. It covers the respiratory, digestive, circulatory, skeletal, and muscular systems. It explains how the respiratory system takes in oxygen and removes carbon dioxide through the lungs and alveoli. The circulatory system then transports oxygen and glucose around the body. Muscles use the energy from glucose to allow movement with the help of the skeletal system. A balanced diet with proteins, fats, carbohydrates, vitamins, minerals, and fiber is important for overall health and functioning of these systems. Smoking can damage lungs over time by reducing lung capacity and coating them with tar and other harmful substances.
9 a inheritance and selection
This document discusses variation, inheritance, and selection. It explains that genetic information is stored in genes on chromosomes, and that variation can be due to genes, environment, or both. Sexual reproduction involves gametes from two parents combining through fertilization to produce offspring with traits from both parents, increasing variation. Selective breeding is when desirable traits are emphasized by breeding similar individuals, like a farmer breeding dairy cows. Asexual reproduction produces genetically identical offspring called clones, while cloning can replicate individuals exactly.
8 l sound and hearing
The speed of sound varies in different materials, with denser materials allowing sound to travel faster. A sound is made when an object vibrates, such as the strings of a guitar. The pitch of a guitar's sound can be increased by shortening the string length, tightening the string, or using a thinner string, and volume is increased by plucking the string harder. Sound travels through air by making air molecules vibrate, which are then picked up by the ear. In the ear, sound waves are funneled by the pinna into the ear canal, causing the ear drum and bones to vibrate, which produces electrical signals in the cochlea that are sent to the brain.
8 k light
1) Light travels in straight lines and at a very fast speed of around 300,000 kilometres per second.
2) We see objects because they reflect light into our eyes, and shadows are formed when light is blocked by an object.
3) Reflection and refraction change the direction of light when it hits surfaces or passes through different mediums. Reflection occurs at the same angle that light hits a surface, while refraction makes light change speed and bend when moving between mediums of different densities.
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7 j electrical circuits
- 2. 23/09/15 Drawing CircuitsDrawing Circuits 1) A cell, a bulb and a switch “in series” 2) A battery of cells, a switch and two bulbs in series
- 3. 23/09/15 Measuring electric currentMeasuring electric current We can measure the amount of electric current flowing through a circuit using a device called an “ammeter”. A
- 4. 23/09/15 Current in a series circuitCurrent in a series circuit If the current here is 2 amps… The current here will be… The current here will be… And the current here will be… In other words, the current in a series circuit is THE SAME at any point
- 5. 23/09/15 Changing the currentChanging the current If a battery is added the current will ________ because there is a greater _____ on the electrons If a bulb is added the current will _______ because there is greater ________ in the circuit
- 6. 23/09/15 Parallel circuitsParallel circuits A parallel circuit is one where the current has a “choice of routes”:
- 7. 23/09/15 Current in a parallel circuitCurrent in a parallel circuit A PARALLEL circuit is one where the current has a “choice of routes” Here comes the current… And the rest will go down here… Half of the current will go down here (assuming the bulbs are the same)…
- 8. 23/09/15 Current in a parallel circuitCurrent in a parallel circuit If the current here is 6 amps The current here will be… The current here will be… The current here will be… And the current here will be…
- 9. 23/09/15 Advantages of parallel circuits…Advantages of parallel circuits… There are two main reasons why parallel circuits are used more commonly than series circuits: 1) Extra appliances (like bulbs) can be added without affecting the output of the others 2) If one appliance breaks it won’t affect the others either
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