Mobile and Wireless Communication

1. Course Code & Name:
(CSI-611) Mobile and Wireless Networks.
Presentation Title:
IR + Wireless Protocols
Class:
BS(CS) -> 7th Semester
Assigned By:
Madam Ayesha Saleem.
Govt. Municipal Degree College FSD

2. CONTENTS:
 What is Infrared Radiation
 History
 CHARACTERISTIC OF INFRARED
 Infrared Technology in Mobiles
 CLASIFICATION
IR Data Transmission Techniques
 Advantages
 Disadvantages
 Application
 Wireless
 Protocols
 Types of Protocols
 Standards

3. WHAT IS INFRARED RADIATION?
Infrared radiation is a type of electromagnetic radiation, as are radio waves,
ultraviolet radiation, X-rays and microwaves.
HISTORY
• Wave infrared rays firstly found by William Herschel 1880.
• In1900 Infrared radiation successfully detected from Jupiter and Saturn and
from some bright stars such as Vega and Arcturus.
• Continued by Young, Beer, Lambert and Julius by using spectroscopy.
CHARACTERISTIC OF INFRARED
• Does not appear in human eyes.
• Cannot penetrate opaque material.
• Can formed by the component that produce heat.
• Wavelength have the opposite relation or inversely proportional to the temperature.

4. INFRARED TECHNOLOGY IN MOBILES:
• It was establish in 1993.
• Purpose was to provide wireless connectivity.
• It allows point to point user access model.
• Communication is possible due to transceiver (device that can both transmit and
receive communications).
• Maximum Distance is 1 mile.
• Maximum Bandwidth is 16 Mbps.
• Infrared signals defined by IrDA (Infrared Data Association) transmit
through line of sight.
• Standard originally data transmission rate is 75 Kbps for a distance up to
8 Meter. Now it is 4Mbps.

5. CLASIFICATION:
1. Near infrared
• Wavelength = 7,8 x 10-4 until 1,4 x 10-3 mm
2. Short wavelength infrared
• wavelength = 1,4x10-3 until 3x10-3 mm
3. Mid wavelength infrared
• wavelength = 3x10-3 until 8x10-3 mm
4. Long wavelength infrared
• wavelength = 8x10-3 until 1,5x10-2 mm
5. Far infrared
• wavelength = 1,5x10-2 until 1 mm
The Infrared Data
Association (IrDA) is an
industry-driven interest
group that was founded in
1993 by around 50
companies. IrDA provides
specifications for a
complete set of protocols
for wireless infrared
communications, and the
name "IrDA" also refers
to that set of protocols.

6. TECHNOLOGY USED:
Infrared technology used in local networks exists in three different forms:
1 . IrDA-SIR
2 . IrDA-MIR
3 . IrDA-FIR
IR Data Transmission Techniques:
• Directed Beam Infrared
• Omni directional
• Diffused

7. Directed Beam Infrared:
• Used to create point-to-point links.
• Range depends on emitted power and degree of
focusing.
• Focused IR data link can have range of kilometer

8. Omni directional:
• Single base station within line of sight of all other stations on LAN
• Station typically mounted on ceiling
• Base station acts as a multiport repeater
o Ceiling transmitter broadcasts signal received by IR transceivers.
o IR transceivers transmit with directional beam aimed at ceiling base unit
Diffused:
• All IR transmitters focused and aimed at a point on diffusely reflecting
ceiling
• IR radiation strikes ceiling
o Reradiated Omni directionally
o Picked up by all receivers

10. ADVANTAGES:
• Low power requirements
• Simple and Low circuitry costs
• Higher security
• Portable
• High noise immunity
• No license required
Disadvantages:
• Line of sight
• Blocked by common materials
• Short range
• Light, weather sensitive
Applications:
 In mobile phones.
 Night vision equipment.
 Thermography.
 Infrared photography.
 In control remotes.

11. WIRELESS:
Due to the increasing number of portable
consumer electronic devices , today’s
internet path include at least one wireless
segment.
Predominant architectures are
IEEE802.11 as well as 3G/4G networks.
A wireless LAN or WLAN is a wireless local area network that uses
electromagnetic waves as its carrier.
Radio Waves (3kHz - 1GHz)
Micro Waves (1GHz – 300GHz)
Infrared Rays (300GHz - 400THz)

12. WHAT IS PROTOCOL?
• Protocol provide rule how to computers communicate.
• They define how devices intercommunicate in a network environment.
Importance:
Responsible for ensuring that the information bits or data packets are 5 sent or received
in a proper sequence.
Some types of Protocol:
1. Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP)
2. Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)
3. Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP)
4. File Transfer Protocol (FTP)
5. Transmission Control Protocol (TCP)
6. Internet Protocol (IP)

13. HYPERTEXT TRANSFER PROTOCOL (HTTP):
• This protocol is used to access, send and receive Hypertext Markup Language
files (HTML) files on the Internet.
• HTTP is the underlying protocol used by the World Wide Web and this protocol
defines how messages are formatted and transmitted, and what actions Web
servers and browsers should take in response to various commands.
• Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP) is a client/server protocol that
automatically provides an Internet Protocol (IP) host with its IP address and other
related configuration information such as the subnet mask and default gateway.
Dynamic Host Configuration Protocol (DHCP):

14. File Transfer Protocol (FTP):
• FTP is responsible for showing files to be copied between devices.
• FTP is a standard network protocol used for the transfer of computer files between
a client and server on a computer network.
• It is also the easiest and most secure way to exchange files over the Internet.
An FTP address looks a lot like an HTTP or web site address except it uses the
prefix ftp:// instead of http://.
Simple Mail Transfer Protocol (SMTP):
• This protocol is used for transferring e-mail between computers.
• SMTP is used when email is delivered from an email client, such as Outlook Express, to
an email server or when email is delivered from one email server to another.

15. • This important protocol is responsible logical addressing called IP address to route
information between networks.
• IP is the basic communication language or protocol of the Internet. It can also be used as
a communications protocol in a private network (either an intranet or an extranet).
Internet Protocol (IP):
Transmission Control Protocol (TCP):
• Whereas the IP protocol deals only with packets, TCP enables two hosts to establish a
connection and exchange streams of data. TCP guarantees delivery of data and also
guarantees that packets will be delivered in the same order in which they were sent.
• TCP is a standard that defines how to establish and maintain a network conversation
via which application programs can exchange data. TCP works with the
Internet Protocol (IP), which defines how computers send packets of data to each other.

16. Network Standards:
802.11 SPECIFICATIONS
• The 802.11 specifications were developed specifically for Wireless Local Area
Networks (WLANs) by the IEEE and include four subsets of Ethernet-based protocol
standards: 802.11, 802.11a, 802.11b, and 802.11g.
• 802.11 operated in the 2.4 GHz range and was the original specification of the 802.11
IEEE standard.
802.11a:
operates in the 5 -6 GHz range with data rates commonly in the 6 Mbps,
12 Mbps, or 24 Mbps range.

17. 802.11b:
The 802.11b standard (also known as Wi-Fi) operates in the 2.4 GHz range with up to 11
Mbps data rates and is backward compatible with the 802.11 standard. 802.11b uses a
technology.
802.11g:
802.11g is the most recent IEEE 802.11 draft standard and operates in the 2.4
GHz range with data rates as high as 54 Mbps over a limited distance.