Gsm

TOPICS
 Module-1 Introduction of Communication and Wireless Concepts
 History of Communication
 Telecommunication Basics
 Frequency, Range of Wireless Frequency
 Channel Concept
 Multiple Access Concepts and its types
 Module-2 Cellular Generation Wireless Concepts
 1st Generation of Cellular Communication (AMPS, TACS)
 2nd
Generation of TDMA , GSM
 3rd
Generation WCDMA
 4th
Generation LTE
 Module-3 GSM Architecture
 MS
 BSS
 NSS
 Interfaces, Protocols

TOPICS
 Module-4 GSM Channel Concepts
 GSM Channels
 Physical and Logical Channels
 Module-5 Cell Planning Concepts
 Cell Planning Basic
 Cell Planning Tools , TEMPS
 Module-6 NSS/BSS Hardware and Software
 MSC
 HLR
 STP
 BSC
 Module-7 DATA Calls
 HSCSD
 GPRS
 Data Call Path,
 SGSN and GGSN Hardware

TOPICS
 Module-8 Call paths
 Postpaid to Paid calls
 Postpaid to Prepaid calls
 Operator to Operator Calls
 Mobile to PTCL calls
 Module-9 Mobile Packet Backbone Network
 OSI layer
 IP Fundamentals
 IP Routing , Protocols
 MPLS Requirement in Telecom
 Module-10 GSM Evolution Path
 GSM Towards LTE
 LTE Architecture
 S-GWS, MME, eNode

Wireless Access Evolution
 New ServicesNew Services
 EfficiencyEfficiency
 More DataMore Data
ServicesServices
requiredrequired
Broadband
Subscribers
Voice
 CoverageCoverage
 MobilityMobility
 Voice QualityVoice Quality
 PortabilityPortability
 CapacityCapacity
 Data ServiceData Service
 BroadbandBroadband
 NetworkNetwork
SimplificationSimplification
 Cost ofCost of
OwnershipOwnership

Secrete of Upgrade
 Maximize
 Utilization Spectrum Efficiency FDMA/TDMA/CDMA/OFDMA
 Power Efficiency----------------Battery
 Minimize
 Complexity------- System should be Simple,
 Cost--------- It should be minimize , as per customer needs

GSM Architecture Overview
 Main components of GSM
 The mobile station (MS)
 BSS Base Station Subsystem (BTS+BSC)
 MSS Mobile Station Subsystem (MSC/HLR, ..)
BSCBTS MSC

Network Overview
BTS
BSC
MSC
VLR HLR AuC EIR
PSTN, ISDN...
OMCOMC
NMC
X.25 links
GSMinterfaces
Voicemail Server
SM-SC
MS (Mobile Station)
BSS (Base Station System)
NSS (Network Switching
Subsystem)
OMM(Operations & Maintenance
Management)
MS
RAN department
RF department
NSS department
Transmission department

Services offered
 Voice Services
 Data Services (GPRS/MMS)
 Short Code Services

GSM Voice Network
Only Voice Call

GSM Voice and Data Call Architecture
Voice Calls Path
Data Calls Path
Packet Data14.4 Kp/s

BSC HLR
MSC SMSC
EIR
PrePaidPrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
OMOPSTN
Fixed Network
SMSC

Two Key technologies are evolving to meet the Wireless
Broadband Requirements
802.11n
(smart antennas)
802.11
Mesh extns.
LocalArea
Fixed
WideArea
Mobile
Coverage/Mobility
MetroArea
Nomadic
802.16
(Fixed LOS)
802.16a/d
(Fixed NLOS)
802.11b/a/g
Mobile Industry
Fixed Wireless Industry
4G Air Interfaces
Data Rates (kbps)
100,000 +
GSM UMTS HSPAGPRS EDGE LTE 3GPP
MOBILE
BROADBAND
DSL ExperienceDial Up
Higher Data Rate / Lower Cost per Bit
802.16e
(Mobile WIMAX)
Fibre Experience

 MS Mobile Station = phone + SIM card
 BTS Base Transceiver Station
 BSC Base Station Controller
 HLR Home Location Register
 MSC Mobile services Switching Centre
 VLR Visitor Location Register
 AUC Authentication Centre
Stand-alone or integrated in HLR
 EIR Equipment Identity Register
For blacklisting stolen and unwanted
equipment
 SMSC Short Message Service ”Support”
Centre
 VMS Voice Messaging System
 PrePaid Node Hosting prepaid service system
 IN Intelligent Network services
 PSTN Public Switched Telephone Network
 PABX Private Automatic Branch Exchange
MSC/VLR
Warid
Telenore
BSC
SMSC
EIR
INTERNET
MobilinkPSTN
BSC
PrePaid
Node
VMS
HLR
MSC
w
AUC

MSC SMSC
EIR
INTERNET
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network
BSC
IN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
HLR
MSC BSC

MSC SMSC
EIR
INTERNET
BSC
IN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
HLR
MSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network

BSCBSC
Base Station ControllerBase Station Controller
 The call request reaches the BSC from the BTS andThe call request reaches the BSC from the BTS and
is forwarded to MSC.is forwarded to MSC.
 After call is established, the BSC will performAfter call is established, the BSC will perform
decodingdecoding of the call (in typical config.)of the call (in typical config.)

BSC HLR
MSC SMSC
EIR
INTERNETIN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
MSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network

 Checks A number.Checks A number.
 To whom is A subscriber calling?To whom is A subscriber calling?
(Checks B number)(Checks B number)
 Example : A subscriberExample : A subscriber has prepaidhas prepaid
number.number.
MSCMSC
Mobile Switching CentreMobile Switching Centre

BSC HLR
MSC SMSC
EIR
INTERNETIN
PrePaidPrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
MSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network

 Does the A subscriber haveDoes the A subscriber have
money left on his/her account?money left on his/her account?
 When the call is established andWhen the call is established and
on-going the subscriber’son-going the subscriber’s
account is decrementedaccount is decremented
accordingly.accordingly.
PrePaid NodePrePaid Node

BSC
HLR
MSC SMSC
EIR
INTERNETIN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
MSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network

BSC
HLR
MSCMSC SMSC
EIR
INTERNETIN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
MSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network

 Where is the B subscriber?Where is the B subscriber?
 MSC interrogates in HLR.MSC interrogates in HLR.
(HLR = Home Location Register)(HLR = Home Location Register)
MSCMSC

BSC
HLR
MSCMSC
IN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
MSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network
SMSC
EIR
INTERNET

BSC
HLR
MSCMSC
MSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network
IN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
SMSC
EIR
INTERNET

BSC
HLRHLR
MSCMSC
MSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network
IN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
SMSC
EIR
INTERNET

 HLR says ’I am the home of the BHLR says ’I am the home of the B
subscriber and I know where he/she is rightsubscriber and I know where he/she is right
now’ (i.e. which VLR)now’ (i.e. which VLR)
 Tells this VLR ’Give me a visitor addressTells this VLR ’Give me a visitor address
for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number)for this subscriber’ (Roaming Number)
HLRHLR
Home Location Register

BSC
HLRHLR
MSCMSC
MSCMSC BSC
PABXPSTN
International
PSTN
Fixed Network
IN
PrePaid
VMS
Voicemail
SMSC
EIR
INTERNET

 Hosting MSC/VLR returnsHosting MSC/VLR returns
TEMPORARILY assignedTEMPORARILY assigned
visitor/roaming address for B-subscribervisitor/roaming address for B-subscriber
to HLR.to HLR.
MSCMSC

 ’’Thanks for the visitor address!’Thanks for the visitor address!’
 ’’I will send this address to the MSCI will send this address to the MSC
that requested for it.’that requested for it.’
HLRHLR
Home Location Register

 ’’Thank you, HLR!’Thank you, HLR!’
 Speech connection path will set upSpeech connection path will set up
now towards the MSC/VLR wherenow towards the MSC/VLR where
the B subscriber is presently located.the B subscriber is presently located.
MSCMSC

 Sets up a speech connection towardsSets up a speech connection towards
BSC.BSC.
 Delivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asksDelivers B-subscriber ID to BSC and asks
to page for the subscriber using that ID.to page for the subscriber using that ID.
MSCMSC

 BSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all theBSC now sends a PAGING MESSAGE to all the
BTSs that it covers/controls.BTSs that it covers/controls.
 Carrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS backCarrys PAGING RESPONSE from called MS back
to MSC.to MSC.
 Allocates a RADIO channel through a BTS withAllocates a RADIO channel through a BTS with
best available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTHbest available and allowable SIGNAL STRENGTH
for called MS.for called MS.
 Performs SPEECH CODING when call isPerforms SPEECH CODING when call is
established.established.
BSCBSC
Base Station ControllerBase Station Controller

Gsm

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