Sebum production is controlled by androgens like testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT). Testosterone is converted to the more potent DHT by the enzyme 5α-reductase type I in sebaceous glands. Higher levels of 5α-reductase type I and DHT in acne-prone areas leads to increased sebum production and acne severity. Certain foods and supplements can influence 5α-reductase activity and androgen levels, thereby affecting acne. Ingredients like reishi mushroom, zinc, and eucalyptus have been shown to inhibit 5α-reductase and could potentially reduce acne by decreasing sebum production.
Androgens are male sex hormones that cause the development of secondary sex characteristics in males. The primary androgen is testosterone, which is produced in the testes and regulated by LH from the pituitary gland. Testosterone promotes the growth of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics at puberty such as facial and body hair growth, deepening of the voice, and increased muscle and bone growth. It works by binding to androgen receptors and enhancing protein synthesis. Common androgen preparations are used to treat conditions like testicular failure, aging-related low testosterone, and erectile dysfunction. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors like sildenafil are a treatment for erectile dysfunction by enhancing the effects of nitric oxide
This document discusses androgens and the male reproductive system. It describes the structure and function of the male reproductive system and the role of testosterone as the main hormone. Testosterone is produced in the testes and regulates sperm production and male characteristics. It binds to receptors in target tissues like muscle and bone. The effects, production, regulation, and clinical uses of testosterone are summarized along with descriptions of anti-androgen drugs that block testosterone's actions.
Hormones act through specific receptors and pathways to regulate target tissues. Water-soluble hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and use second messengers like cAMP to trigger intracellular effects. Lipid-soluble hormones like steroids diffuse into cells, bind intracellular receptors, and form complexes that regulate gene expression. Hormone levels are maintained through feedback loops, with negative feedback inhibiting further hormone release and positive feedback amplifying it. Hormones are cleared by metabolic degradation, binding to tissues, and excretion by the liver and kidneys.
Hormones bind to specific receptors that initiate cellular responses. Water-soluble hormones bind to membrane receptors, while lipid-soluble hormones bind to intracellular receptors. Receptor activation leads to second messenger systems or direct gene activation, amplifying the hormone's effects and eliciting responses like muscle contraction, secretion, transport changes, or metabolic effects.
Testosterone's effects occur through binding to androgen receptors or by aromatization to estradiol. It stimulates protein synthesis in target tissues like the prostate. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to secrete LH and FSH, controlling testosterone and sperm production. Negative feedback loops regulate these processes. Abnormalities can include prostate diseases and hypogonadism.
Androgens are male sex hormones like testosterone that cause male secondary sex characteristics. The testes naturally produce testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Androgens promote sperm production, male physical development at puberty, and adult male characteristics. They are used to treat low testosterone and other conditions. Side effects include virilization in women, liver problems, and infertility. Anti-androgens like danazol and flutamide are used to treat conditions like endometriosis and prostate cancer.
Endocrine Glands; Secretion&Action Of Harmonesraj kumar
The document summarizes key aspects of endocrine glands and hormones. It describes how hormones are secreted into the blood and carried to target cells containing receptor proteins. Hormones affect metabolism in target organs and help regulate body processes. The major types of hormones include amines, polypeptides, proteins, lipids, and glycoproteins. Hormones can act through nuclear receptors, second messengers, or tyrosine kinase pathways to produce effects in target cells. The pituitary gland contains anterior and posterior lobes that secrete trophic and other hormones important for regulation.
Androgens are male sex hormones that cause the development of secondary sex characteristics in males. The primary androgen is testosterone, which is produced in the testes and regulated by LH from the pituitary gland. Testosterone promotes the growth of male sex organs and secondary sex characteristics at puberty such as facial and body hair growth, deepening of the voice, and increased muscle and bone growth. It works by binding to androgen receptors and enhancing protein synthesis. Common androgen preparations are used to treat conditions like testicular failure, aging-related low testosterone, and erectile dysfunction. Phosphodiesterase type 5 inhibitors like sildenafil are a treatment for erectile dysfunction by enhancing the effects of nitric oxide
This document discusses androgens and the male reproductive system. It describes the structure and function of the male reproductive system and the role of testosterone as the main hormone. Testosterone is produced in the testes and regulates sperm production and male characteristics. It binds to receptors in target tissues like muscle and bone. The effects, production, regulation, and clinical uses of testosterone are summarized along with descriptions of anti-androgen drugs that block testosterone's actions.
Hormones act through specific receptors and pathways to regulate target tissues. Water-soluble hormones bind to cell membrane receptors and use second messengers like cAMP to trigger intracellular effects. Lipid-soluble hormones like steroids diffuse into cells, bind intracellular receptors, and form complexes that regulate gene expression. Hormone levels are maintained through feedback loops, with negative feedback inhibiting further hormone release and positive feedback amplifying it. Hormones are cleared by metabolic degradation, binding to tissues, and excretion by the liver and kidneys.
Hormones bind to specific receptors that initiate cellular responses. Water-soluble hormones bind to membrane receptors, while lipid-soluble hormones bind to intracellular receptors. Receptor activation leads to second messenger systems or direct gene activation, amplifying the hormone's effects and eliciting responses like muscle contraction, secretion, transport changes, or metabolic effects.
Testosterone's effects occur through binding to androgen receptors or by aromatization to estradiol. It stimulates protein synthesis in target tissues like the prostate. Gonadotropin-releasing hormone from the hypothalamus stimulates the pituitary to secrete LH and FSH, controlling testosterone and sperm production. Negative feedback loops regulate these processes. Abnormalities can include prostate diseases and hypogonadism.
Androgens are male sex hormones like testosterone that cause male secondary sex characteristics. The testes naturally produce testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Androgens promote sperm production, male physical development at puberty, and adult male characteristics. They are used to treat low testosterone and other conditions. Side effects include virilization in women, liver problems, and infertility. Anti-androgens like danazol and flutamide are used to treat conditions like endometriosis and prostate cancer.
Endocrine Glands; Secretion&Action Of Harmonesraj kumar
The document summarizes key aspects of endocrine glands and hormones. It describes how hormones are secreted into the blood and carried to target cells containing receptor proteins. Hormones affect metabolism in target organs and help regulate body processes. The major types of hormones include amines, polypeptides, proteins, lipids, and glycoproteins. Hormones can act through nuclear receptors, second messengers, or tyrosine kinase pathways to produce effects in target cells. The pituitary gland contains anterior and posterior lobes that secrete trophic and other hormones important for regulation.
The document summarizes several pituitary hormones including prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). It describes the structure, functions, regulation, and pathological involvement of each hormone. Prolactin stimulates breast development and milk production. TSH stimulates thyroid hormone production. ACTH stimulates steroid production in the adrenal cortex. FSH and LH stimulate gamete production and secretion of gonadal hormones. The document also discusses inhibitors and preparations used for certain hormones.
Steroids, testosterone and progesteroneRudresh H M
1) Steroids are organic compounds that contain a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. They include hormones like vitamin D, bile acids, and sex hormones.
2) The document discusses the structural elucidation of the steroid hormones testosterone and progesterone. Testosterone is the main male sex hormone, while progesterone is a female sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
3) Through analysis and reactions, the key features of each steroid's structure were determined, including functional groups, double bonds, and the characteristic tetracyclic steroid nucleus.
Steroid hormones are a class of organic compounds that include cholesterol, sex hormones like estradiol and testosterone, and anti-inflammatory drugs like dexamethasone. They have two main biological functions: as components of cell membranes to alter fluidity, and as signaling molecules that activate steroid hormone receptors. There are two main classes of steroid hormones - corticosteroids typically made in the adrenal cortex, and sex steroids typically made in the gonads or placenta. Steroid hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, and sexual development. They are synthesized from cholesterol and can pass through cell membranes to bind receptors and bring about changes in the cell. Steroid hormones are transported
This document discusses testosterone, a male sex hormone. It begins by defining hormones and classifying sex hormones. It then discusses the structure, mechanism of action, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, therapeutic uses, dosing, and adverse effects of testosterone. The synthesis of testosterone is described in multiple steps starting from cholesterol or dehydroepiandrosterone. Testosterone is used to treat hypogonadism and increase muscle mass but can cause masculinization in females and side effects like fluid retention.
1) Hormones are organic substances that regulate growth, metabolism and other functions by acting as biochemical messengers. They can be classified based on their chemical composition and target organs.
2) Hormone action involves processes like synergism, permissiveness, antagonism and feedback loops. Lipid-soluble hormones like steroids directly enter cells and activate genes, while water-soluble hormones trigger intracellular signaling cascades.
3) The document discusses the mechanisms and characteristics of hormone action, including the different classes of receptors, signal amplification pathways, and how lipid-soluble and water-soluble hormones elicit their effects on target cells and tissues. Negative and positive feedback loops help regulate hormone secretion.
Growth hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and regulates body growth and metabolism. It works by stimulating the liver and other tissues to produce insulin-like growth factors. Growth hormone secretion is regulated by hormones like growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin produced by the hypothalamus. Abnormal growth hormone levels can cause diseases like gigantism in children or acromegaly in adults. While somatostatin and octreotide inhibit growth hormone secretion and are used to treat conditions caused by excess growth hormone levels like acromegaly.
This document discusses sex hormones, including androgens (male sex hormones like testosterone), estrogens (female sex hormones), and progesterone (the corpus luteum hormone). It covers the classification, sources, mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, and uses of these steroidal hormones. The hormones are produced in the gonads and act on secondary sex characteristics and reproductive functions through binding intracellular receptors and regulating gene expression.
Peptide hormones and catecholamines allow for rapid responses to environmental changes. They are stored in secretory vesicles and released via exocytosis within seconds or minutes in response to stimulation. This causes short-term effects that are terminated once the hormones are degraded. In contrast, steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol or thyroglobulin precursors within cells. They diffuse out of cells and circulate in the blood bound to carrier proteins. This allows their effects to last longer, from hours to days, but production and release takes longer than for peptide hormones and catecholamines. The different hormone types thus allow for both rapid short-term responses and longer-term regulatory effects.
Source, synthesis and metabolism of androgensTHILAKAR MANI
Testosterone is the principal androgen produced by the testes and adrenal glands. It is synthesized from cholesterol through a series of enzymatic reactions regulated by LH and FSH. Most testosterone circulates bound to plasma proteins while a small fraction acts upon androgen receptors in target tissues like muscle and bone. There it is converted to the more potent dihydrotestosterone which influences male sexual development and secondary sex characteristics as well as spermatogenesis and behaviors. Androgens play an important role in protein synthesis, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism. Abnormalities in androgen levels or signaling can impact male reproductive function and health.
FSH, LH, and testosterone are hormones that regulate reproductive functions. FSH acts on the ovaries and testes to stimulate gamete production. LH triggers ovulation in females and supports testosterone production in males. Testosterone promotes male sexual development and secondary sex characteristics. The hormones work by binding to receptors on target cells and activating intracellular signaling cascades. Abnormal levels can cause diseases like polycystic ovarian syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome.
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system and hormone-receptor interactions. It describes the endocrine system's role in maintaining homeostasis through feedback loops and its effects on various physiological processes. Hormones can be classified into different categories based on their chemical structure and include peptides, proteins, steroids, and vitamin derivatives. Hormones act by binding to specific receptors located on cells and tissues, and receptor activation initiates intracellular signaling cascades that allow hormones to exert their effects. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland play central roles in regulating other endocrine glands.
This document discusses hormones and their mechanisms of action. It describes the different types of hormones, including proteins/polypeptides, steroids, and derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. It explains how hormones are synthesized, stored, transported in blood, and cleared from the blood. The mechanisms of action of both lipid-soluble and hydrophilic hormones are covered, including their interactions with receptors and use of second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone concentrations in blood, such as radioimmunoassay and ELISA, are also summarized.
Steroid Hormones - Dr. P. Saranraj, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
The document discusses luteinizing hormone (LH), its function, and questions received from various users about LH and related reproductive topics. It provides answers to questions about LH function, the corpus luteum, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and reproductive system terms. The advisor clarifies misconceptions and helps evaluate diagnoses.
The document discusses steroids, which are cyclical organic compounds composed of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings. Steroids include cholesterol, sex hormones like testosterone and estradiol, bile acids, and drugs like dexamethasone. They are classified based on the substituent group at carbon 17 and include classes like sterols, sex hormones, cardiac glycosides, bile acids, and sapogenins. Specific steroids discussed in more detail include testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and various androgens and glucocorticoids.
The growth hormone is produced by somatotropes cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Its release is regulated by growth hormone releasing hormone and growth hormone release inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus. Growth hormone promotes growth and influences metabolism. Deficiencies cause dwarfism while overproduction causes gigantism or acromegaly. The gonads produce sex hormones and germ cells. Androgens are produced in males and influence physiological functions and metabolism. Estrogens are predominantly ovarian hormones and influence the menstrual cycle and female development. Progesterone is required for pregnancy and influences the uterus and mammary glands.
This document discusses androgens, anabolic steroids, and treatments for erectile dysfunction. It describes how androgens such as testosterone are naturally produced and have effects on sexual development, muscle growth, and behavior. Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that are sometimes abused for their muscle building effects. The document outlines the mechanisms, effects, and side effects of various androgens and anabolic steroids. It also discusses treatments for lowering androgen levels including anti-androgens and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. Finally, it summarizes common pharmaceutical treatments for erectile dysfunction including phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and alprostadil injections.
The document discusses various releasing hormones including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). These releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and stimulate the secretion of other hormones from the anterior pituitary gland, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone (GH). The releasing hormones play an important role in stress response, metabolism, reproduction, and postnatal growth.
Male sex hormones include testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is produced in the testes and regulates the development of male sexual characteristics. It acts through binding to androgen receptors and altering gene expression. Common therapeutic uses of testosterone and related compounds include treating testicular failure, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and symptoms of aging in men. Side effects can include virilization, acne, and risks to the prostate.
This document discusses various agents that can be used to treat acne by disrupting biofilms formed by Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Retinoids normalize skin cell shedding and decrease inflammation by altering the biofilm. Benzoyl peroxide is bactericidal against both aerobic and anaerobic organisms by producing free radicals. Acids prevent biofilm attachment to skin walls. Resveratrol eradicates biofilms and inhibits excessive skin cell growth. Turmeric and compounds in various plants like magnolia, nigella sativa, and manuka oil exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties against P. acnes through mechanisms such as suppressing free radical production and inhibiting factors that promote inflammation.
The document summarizes several pituitary hormones including prolactin, thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH), adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), follicle stimulating hormone (FSH), and luteinizing hormone (LH). It describes the structure, functions, regulation, and pathological involvement of each hormone. Prolactin stimulates breast development and milk production. TSH stimulates thyroid hormone production. ACTH stimulates steroid production in the adrenal cortex. FSH and LH stimulate gamete production and secretion of gonadal hormones. The document also discusses inhibitors and preparations used for certain hormones.
Steroids, testosterone and progesteroneRudresh H M
1) Steroids are organic compounds that contain a cyclopentanoperhydrophenanthrene nucleus. They include hormones like vitamin D, bile acids, and sex hormones.
2) The document discusses the structural elucidation of the steroid hormones testosterone and progesterone. Testosterone is the main male sex hormone, while progesterone is a female sex hormone involved in the menstrual cycle and pregnancy.
3) Through analysis and reactions, the key features of each steroid's structure were determined, including functional groups, double bonds, and the characteristic tetracyclic steroid nucleus.
Steroid hormones are a class of organic compounds that include cholesterol, sex hormones like estradiol and testosterone, and anti-inflammatory drugs like dexamethasone. They have two main biological functions: as components of cell membranes to alter fluidity, and as signaling molecules that activate steroid hormone receptors. There are two main classes of steroid hormones - corticosteroids typically made in the adrenal cortex, and sex steroids typically made in the gonads or placenta. Steroid hormones help control metabolism, inflammation, immune functions, salt and water balance, and sexual development. They are synthesized from cholesterol and can pass through cell membranes to bind receptors and bring about changes in the cell. Steroid hormones are transported
This document discusses testosterone, a male sex hormone. It begins by defining hormones and classifying sex hormones. It then discusses the structure, mechanism of action, synthesis, structure-activity relationships, therapeutic uses, dosing, and adverse effects of testosterone. The synthesis of testosterone is described in multiple steps starting from cholesterol or dehydroepiandrosterone. Testosterone is used to treat hypogonadism and increase muscle mass but can cause masculinization in females and side effects like fluid retention.
1) Hormones are organic substances that regulate growth, metabolism and other functions by acting as biochemical messengers. They can be classified based on their chemical composition and target organs.
2) Hormone action involves processes like synergism, permissiveness, antagonism and feedback loops. Lipid-soluble hormones like steroids directly enter cells and activate genes, while water-soluble hormones trigger intracellular signaling cascades.
3) The document discusses the mechanisms and characteristics of hormone action, including the different classes of receptors, signal amplification pathways, and how lipid-soluble and water-soluble hormones elicit their effects on target cells and tissues. Negative and positive feedback loops help regulate hormone secretion.
Growth hormone is produced by the anterior pituitary gland and regulates body growth and metabolism. It works by stimulating the liver and other tissues to produce insulin-like growth factors. Growth hormone secretion is regulated by hormones like growth hormone releasing hormone and somatostatin produced by the hypothalamus. Abnormal growth hormone levels can cause diseases like gigantism in children or acromegaly in adults. While somatostatin and octreotide inhibit growth hormone secretion and are used to treat conditions caused by excess growth hormone levels like acromegaly.
This document discusses sex hormones, including androgens (male sex hormones like testosterone), estrogens (female sex hormones), and progesterone (the corpus luteum hormone). It covers the classification, sources, mechanisms of action, structure-activity relationships, and uses of these steroidal hormones. The hormones are produced in the gonads and act on secondary sex characteristics and reproductive functions through binding intracellular receptors and regulating gene expression.
Peptide hormones and catecholamines allow for rapid responses to environmental changes. They are stored in secretory vesicles and released via exocytosis within seconds or minutes in response to stimulation. This causes short-term effects that are terminated once the hormones are degraded. In contrast, steroid hormones and thyroid hormones are synthesized from cholesterol or thyroglobulin precursors within cells. They diffuse out of cells and circulate in the blood bound to carrier proteins. This allows their effects to last longer, from hours to days, but production and release takes longer than for peptide hormones and catecholamines. The different hormone types thus allow for both rapid short-term responses and longer-term regulatory effects.
Source, synthesis and metabolism of androgensTHILAKAR MANI
Testosterone is the principal androgen produced by the testes and adrenal glands. It is synthesized from cholesterol through a series of enzymatic reactions regulated by LH and FSH. Most testosterone circulates bound to plasma proteins while a small fraction acts upon androgen receptors in target tissues like muscle and bone. There it is converted to the more potent dihydrotestosterone which influences male sexual development and secondary sex characteristics as well as spermatogenesis and behaviors. Androgens play an important role in protein synthesis, carbohydrate and mineral metabolism. Abnormalities in androgen levels or signaling can impact male reproductive function and health.
FSH, LH, and testosterone are hormones that regulate reproductive functions. FSH acts on the ovaries and testes to stimulate gamete production. LH triggers ovulation in females and supports testosterone production in males. Testosterone promotes male sexual development and secondary sex characteristics. The hormones work by binding to receptors on target cells and activating intracellular signaling cascades. Abnormal levels can cause diseases like polycystic ovarian syndrome or Klinefelter syndrome.
The document provides an overview of the endocrine system and hormone-receptor interactions. It describes the endocrine system's role in maintaining homeostasis through feedback loops and its effects on various physiological processes. Hormones can be classified into different categories based on their chemical structure and include peptides, proteins, steroids, and vitamin derivatives. Hormones act by binding to specific receptors located on cells and tissues, and receptor activation initiates intracellular signaling cascades that allow hormones to exert their effects. The hypothalamus and pituitary gland play central roles in regulating other endocrine glands.
This document discusses hormones and their mechanisms of action. It describes the different types of hormones, including proteins/polypeptides, steroids, and derivatives of the amino acid tyrosine. It explains how hormones are synthesized, stored, transported in blood, and cleared from the blood. The mechanisms of action of both lipid-soluble and hydrophilic hormones are covered, including their interactions with receptors and use of second messenger systems. Methods for measuring hormone concentrations in blood, such as radioimmunoassay and ELISA, are also summarized.
Steroid Hormones - Dr. P. Saranraj, Assistant Professor, Department of Microbiology, Sacred Heart College (Autonomous), Tirupattur, Vellore District, Tamil Nadu, India.
The document discusses luteinizing hormone (LH), its function, and questions received from various users about LH and related reproductive topics. It provides answers to questions about LH function, the corpus luteum, human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG), symptoms of polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), and reproductive system terms. The advisor clarifies misconceptions and helps evaluate diagnoses.
The document discusses steroids, which are cyclical organic compounds composed of 17 carbon atoms arranged in four rings. Steroids include cholesterol, sex hormones like testosterone and estradiol, bile acids, and drugs like dexamethasone. They are classified based on the substituent group at carbon 17 and include classes like sterols, sex hormones, cardiac glycosides, bile acids, and sapogenins. Specific steroids discussed in more detail include testosterone, estradiol, progesterone, and various androgens and glucocorticoids.
The growth hormone is produced by somatotropes cells in the anterior pituitary gland. Its release is regulated by growth hormone releasing hormone and growth hormone release inhibiting hormone from the hypothalamus. Growth hormone promotes growth and influences metabolism. Deficiencies cause dwarfism while overproduction causes gigantism or acromegaly. The gonads produce sex hormones and germ cells. Androgens are produced in males and influence physiological functions and metabolism. Estrogens are predominantly ovarian hormones and influence the menstrual cycle and female development. Progesterone is required for pregnancy and influences the uterus and mammary glands.
This document discusses androgens, anabolic steroids, and treatments for erectile dysfunction. It describes how androgens such as testosterone are naturally produced and have effects on sexual development, muscle growth, and behavior. Anabolic steroids are synthetic derivatives of testosterone that are sometimes abused for their muscle building effects. The document outlines the mechanisms, effects, and side effects of various androgens and anabolic steroids. It also discusses treatments for lowering androgen levels including anti-androgens and 5-alpha reductase inhibitors. Finally, it summarizes common pharmaceutical treatments for erectile dysfunction including phosphodiesterase-5 inhibitors and alprostadil injections.
The document discusses various releasing hormones including corticotropin-releasing hormone (CRH), thyrotropin-releasing hormone (TRH), gonadotropin-releasing hormone (GnRH), and growth hormone-releasing hormone (GHRH). These releasing hormones are produced by the hypothalamus and stimulate the secretion of other hormones from the anterior pituitary gland, including adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH), thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH), follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) and luteinizing hormone (LH), and growth hormone (GH). The releasing hormones play an important role in stress response, metabolism, reproduction, and postnatal growth.
Male sex hormones include testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is produced in the testes and regulates the development of male sexual characteristics. It acts through binding to androgen receptors and altering gene expression. Common therapeutic uses of testosterone and related compounds include treating testicular failure, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and symptoms of aging in men. Side effects can include virilization, acne, and risks to the prostate.
This document discusses various agents that can be used to treat acne by disrupting biofilms formed by Propionibacterium acnes bacteria. Retinoids normalize skin cell shedding and decrease inflammation by altering the biofilm. Benzoyl peroxide is bactericidal against both aerobic and anaerobic organisms by producing free radicals. Acids prevent biofilm attachment to skin walls. Resveratrol eradicates biofilms and inhibits excessive skin cell growth. Turmeric and compounds in various plants like magnolia, nigella sativa, and manuka oil exhibit anti-inflammatory and antimicrobial properties against P. acnes through mechanisms such as suppressing free radical production and inhibiting factors that promote inflammation.
The document is a presentation on glycation and aging skin. It discusses what glycation is, how foods and certain ingredients can contribute to or prevent glycation. Several plants and ingredients are listed that have anti-glycation properties. The effects of advanced glycation end products on skin morphology and physiology during aging are covered. Specific anti-glycation actives and products are mentioned. The presentation concludes with an announcement of a new subscription for educated therapists.
This document provides guidance for conducting online searches and evaluating information found. It breaks the search process into three steps - define, locate, and evaluate. The define step involves choosing a search engine and planning keywords. The locate step is performing the search and checking accuracy. The evaluate step is assessing whether the information is helpful, relevant, authentic, and would be recommended to others based on making one feel happy with the search results.
Propionibacterium acnes (p. Acnes) bacteria are classified into different types based on gene sequencing and biological characteristics and play a role in acne formation. P. acnes promotes comedones through biofilms, the IGF pathway, aberrant integrin expression, production of free fatty acids, and oxidation of squalene. P. acnes also interacts with toll-like receptors and forms biofilms that contribute to acne.
Parabens are commonly used preservatives that provide antibacterial and antifungal properties. While some studies have claimed parabens may disrupt hormones or increase cancer risk, many experts argue these studies are flawed and the evidence does not support these claims. Parabens are found naturally in many plants and pose substantially less risk than naturally occurring endocrine disruptors when used in normal amounts as preservatives in cosmetics. The consensus among health and regulatory organizations is that parabens are safe to use as preservatives when used properly.
This document summarizes how Propionibacterium acnes (P. acnes) promotes comedones and causes inflammatory responses in the skin. It discusses five ways P. acnes promotes comedones: through biofilms, the IGF pathway, aberrant integrin expression, production of free fatty acids, and oxidation of squalene. It also lists natural extracts and compounds that can target each of these mechanisms. Additionally, it outlines several inflammatory cytokines and receptors induced by P. acnes, and recommends natural extracts shown to inhibit each one. The document promotes learning more about these topics by visiting the provided website or contacting the listed email.
This document is a resume for Talha Ali that provides biographical information, work experience, education, and skills. It summarizes his career working in radio network optimization for 2G, 3G, and 4G networks with various companies since 2012. His roles have included analyzing network statistics, optimization measures, capacity planning, and troubleshooting issues. He has a BSc in Telecom Engineering and skills in programming languages, network analysis software, and office productivity tools.
The document discusses how to create a Haiku Deck presentation. Haiku Deck allows users to easily create presentations using images and text. Users can search for images on Getty Images and add them to slides along with captions or bullet points to tell their story in 3 slides or less.
5a reductase inhibitors a novel approach to treating acneJacine Greenwood
The document discusses 5a reductase inhibitors and their potential use in treating acne. There are two types of 5a reductase isozymes, type 1 and type 2, which are involved in endogenous production of DHT. The document also explores other factors like insulin, IGF, SHBG, and herbal extracts that may help regulate hormones involved in acne pathogenesis. Two product formulations are highlighted that utilize plant extracts shown in research to help balance hormones: a serum containing green tea, saw palmetto, and other extracts, and a magnolia honey cream containing resveratrol.
ATP (adenosine triphosphate) production declines with age due to mitochondrial dysfunction. Mitochondria are the primary producers of cellular energy in the form of ATP through oxidative phosphorylation. As we age, mitochondrial DNA mutations accumulate, impairing ATP production. This summary discusses strategies to increase ATP levels topically and through supplementation to enhance mitochondrial function and combat signs of aging. These include vitamins B1-B6, biotin, B12, folic acid, magnesium, alpha lipoic acid, carnitine, NADH, coenzyme Q10, creatine, and LED or microcurrent therapy. Maintaining optimal mitochondrial and ATP levels may help slow the visible signs of skin aging.
p. Acnes plays more of a pathogenic role in the development of acne then previously thought. In this webinar you will learn more about how specifically p.Acnes helps to form the microcomedone. Why fruit acids work with acne....and it's not the reason you think it is.
Why some companies treat all acne the same and why this is successful.
Space frame , space structure and geodesic domesNarendra Shah
our presentation will provide information about space frame , space structures and geodesic domes, these technology used to cover large/long span shed, beautification of buildings.
Mụn nội tiết tố là gì? Có nguy hiểm không? Đâu là những nguyên nhân gây ra mụn và làm gì để điều trị mụn hiệu quả. Mời bạn tiếp tục theo dõi bài viết sau để nắm được các bí quyết phòng và điều trị mụn tốt nhất nhé!
Nguồn: Trích https://venusglobal.com.vn/mun-noi-tiet
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The 5-alpha reductase enzyme converts testosterone to dihydrotestosterone (DHT), which is thought to trigger male and female pattern baldness in genetically susceptible individuals. There are two types of 5-alpha reductase enzymes (type I and type II) that are responsible for producing DHT throughout the body, including in scalp hair follicles where it can disrupt hair growth and lead to hair loss. Studies show that type I 5-alpha reductase, which is highly active in the scalp hair follicles, produces 60-70% of the body's DHT, while type II produces the remaining 30-40%.
Asked questions concerning acne.
How does acne develops ?
Factors for development of acne
What are the predisposing factors
Is it familiar? Is it controllable.
Is it associated with diet or dust?
Does cosmetics cause acne.
Does drugs cause acne.
Does stress has any role in causation of the acne
Androgens, anabolic steroids and antiandrogensAnkita Bist
1. The document discusses testosterone, the major androgen hormone. It is produced primarily by Leydig cells in testes and is responsible for male sexual development and maintenance of secondary sex characteristics. It acts through androgen receptors and is converted to the more potent dihydrotestosterone by 5-alpha reductase. Common uses include androgen replacement therapy and treatment of hypogonadism. Adverse effects may include acne, prostate issues, and virilization in women.
2. Synthetic anabolic steroids are discussed which have higher anabolic to androgenic ratios than testosterone. Common examples and uses are provided along with their similar adverse effect profiles to testosterone.
3. Antiand
This document discusses the endocrine system and various endocrine disorders and their implications in orthodontics. It begins with an introduction to the endocrine system and hormones. It then describes several endocrine glands - the pituitary gland, thyroid gland, parathyroid gland, and adrenal gland. For each gland, it discusses hormone production and regulation, as well as disorders like acromegaly, gigantism, hypothyroidism, and hyperthyroidism. It concludes by outlining some orthodontic considerations for patients with endocrine disorders, such as accelerated or delayed tooth movement due to high or low bone turnover.
The document discusses the principles of endocrinology, including the study of glands and hormones, their functional roles, and feedback mechanisms. It describes the major classes of hormones, hormone and receptor families, hormone synthesis and action, and pathologic mechanisms of endocrine disease such as hormone excess, deficiency, and resistance.
Perimenopause and Menopause Acne
What causes it and how to treat to at the root cause.
Listen to broadcast for these slides at:
http://menopausemoxie.com/still-popping-pimples/
#MTR #Moxie
Hirsutism is defined as excessive hair growth in a male pattern in women. It is caused by increased androgen levels and the most common causes are idiopathic hirsutism and polycystic ovary syndrome. Virilization refers to hirsutism accompanied by other signs of androgen excess like acne, balding and deepening of the voice. Investigations aim to determine the cause of excess androgen levels and treatment options include lifestyle changes, cosmetic hair removal techniques, oral contraceptives, anti-androgens and metformin. Hirsutism can negatively impact quality of life and mental health.
The document discusses polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), the most common cause of hyperandrogenism in women. PCOS is characterized by oligo- and/or anovulation, clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. The pathogenesis involves both genetic and environmental factors like obesity that can increase androgen production and LH levels. Diagnosis is based on meeting at least two of three criteria: irregular periods, clinical or biochemical signs of hyperandrogenism, and polycystic ovaries. Treatment focuses on weight loss, regulating menstrual cycles, reducing hirsutism, and managing related health risks like diabetes.
Topical peptides & plant stem cells in dermocosmeticsMohammad Baghaei
Peptides are known to have diverse biological roles, most prominently as signaling/regulatory molecules in a broad variety of physiological processes including:
defense, immunity, stress, growth, homeostasis and
reproduction.
These aspects have been used in the field of dermatology and
cosmetology to produce short, stable and synthetic peptides for extracellular matrix synthesis, pigmentation, innate immunity, acne and
inflammation..
This document provides information on methemoglobinemia, including:
- Definition as an abnormal increase in methemoglobin levels in red blood cells above 1%
- Symptoms vary based on methemoglobin levels and include cyanosis, headaches, and loss of consciousness
- Causes include ingestion of drugs/toxins like local anesthetics, nitrates, sulfonamides, and certain antibiotics
- Workup involves blood tests to check for anemia and enzyme levels to identify potential hereditary causes
Disorders of pituitary gland (( THE MASTER )) BY M.SASIcardilogy
The pituitary gland acts as the control center of the endocrine system. Disorders of the pituitary gland can cause either pituitary hyperfunction (hyperpituitarism) or hypopituitarism. Pituitary hyperfunction is usually caused by a pituitary adenoma and can result in excess secretion of hormones like prolactin, growth hormone, ACTH, or TSH. Prolactinomas, which cause excess prolactin secretion, are the most common type of pituitary adenoma. Symptoms of a prolactinoma include menstrual irregularities in women, infertility, and galactorrhea. Diagnosis involves measuring prolactin levels and treating the underlying cause.
PH1.37 Describe the mechanism of action, types, doses, side effects, indications and contraindications of the drugs used as sex hormones, their analogues
Testes are the male gonads which have dual function as they produce sperm and also produce some hormones.
The Hormones produced by Testes are collctively called Androgens
Main Androgen Hormone produced by Leydig cell of Testis is TESTOSTERONE, a steriod hormone its secretion is regulated by pituitary gland
This document discusses the therapeutic applications of peptides. It begins by providing background on peptides, their structures, and natural sources. It then discusses several therapeutic uses of peptides including as anticancer agents, hormones for treating conditions like prostate cancer, carriers for delivering cytotoxic drugs to cancer cells, treatments for diabetes, anti-obesity, and pre-term labor. The document also discusses peptide manufacturing methods, diagnostic uses of peptides, and antimicrobial peptides.
This document provides an overview of the endocrine system with a focus on the pituitary gland. It begins with learning objectives about the endocrine system and pituitary gland. It then defines the endocrine system and its glands. The rest of the document discusses the anatomy and hormones of the pituitary gland, disorders of the pituitary gland including hyperpituitarism and hypopituitarism, associated signs and symptoms, diagnostic tests, and treatment options. It concludes with definitions of specific pituitary hormones and references.
Lecture by Dr. Patrick Treacy from Ailesbury Hair Clinics to ICAD 2014 Brazil on the reasons and treatments for female hair loss. Courtesy given at lecture to some other doctors and clinics for some images used. Images related to Ailesbury Hair Clinics were added at a alter time.
The document discusses the pituitary gland and its hormones. It describes the pituitary gland's location and connection to the hypothalamus. It then explains the six hormones of the anterior pituitary - growth hormone, ACTH, TSH, prolactin, FSH, and LH - and their roles in controlling metabolic functions. The two hormones of the posterior pituitary are ADH and oxytocin, which play roles in water balance and childbirth/lactation respectively. The hypothalamus controls pituitary secretion through releasing and inhibiting hormones.
This document discusses factors that affect human growth and development. It begins with an overview of growth and development, noting they are interdependent processes involving increases in physical size and maturity. It then discusses several genetic, hormonal, nutritional, environmental, and socioeconomic factors that can influence growth. A large portion focuses on the growth hormone, its regulation by growth hormone-releasing hormone and somatostatin in the hypothalamus, and its effects mediated by insulin-like growth factor I. Other growth-promoting hormones discussed include thyroid hormones, sex steroids, insulin, and glucocorticoids. The document concludes by mentioning growth curves and their use in monitoring healthy development.
Executive Directors Chat Leveraging AI for Diversity, Equity, and InclusionTechSoup
Let’s explore the intersection of technology and equity in the final session of our DEI series. Discover how AI tools, like ChatGPT, can be used to support and enhance your nonprofit's DEI initiatives. Participants will gain insights into practical AI applications and get tips for leveraging technology to advance their DEI goals.
A workshop hosted by the South African Journal of Science aimed at postgraduate students and early career researchers with little or no experience in writing and publishing journal articles.
The simplified electron and muon model, Oscillating Spacetime: The Foundation...RitikBhardwaj56
Discover the Simplified Electron and Muon Model: A New Wave-Based Approach to Understanding Particles delves into a groundbreaking theory that presents electrons and muons as rotating soliton waves within oscillating spacetime. Geared towards students, researchers, and science buffs, this book breaks down complex ideas into simple explanations. It covers topics such as electron waves, temporal dynamics, and the implications of this model on particle physics. With clear illustrations and easy-to-follow explanations, readers will gain a new outlook on the universe's fundamental nature.
Walmart Business+ and Spark Good for Nonprofits.pdfTechSoup
"Learn about all the ways Walmart supports nonprofit organizations.
You will hear from Liz Willett, the Head of Nonprofits, and hear about what Walmart is doing to help nonprofits, including Walmart Business and Spark Good. Walmart Business+ is a new offer for nonprofits that offers discounts and also streamlines nonprofits order and expense tracking, saving time and money.
The webinar may also give some examples on how nonprofits can best leverage Walmart Business+.
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Special TechSoup offer for a free 180 days membership, and up to $150 in discounts on eligible orders.
Spark Good (walmart.com/sparkgood) is a charitable platform that enables nonprofits to receive donations directly from customers and associates.
Answers about how you can do more with Walmart!"
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How to Make a Field Mandatory in Odoo 17Celine George
In Odoo, making a field required can be done through both Python code and XML views. When you set the required attribute to True in Python code, it makes the field required across all views where it's used. Conversely, when you set the required attribute in XML views, it makes the field required only in the context of that particular view.
How to Add Chatter in the odoo 17 ERP ModuleCeline George
In Odoo, the chatter is like a chat tool that helps you work together on records. You can leave notes and track things, making it easier to talk with your team and partners. Inside chatter, all communication history, activity, and changes will be displayed.
ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...PECB
Denis is a dynamic and results-driven Chief Information Officer (CIO) with a distinguished career spanning information systems analysis and technical project management. With a proven track record of spearheading the design and delivery of cutting-edge Information Management solutions, he has consistently elevated business operations, streamlined reporting functions, and maximized process efficiency.
Certified as an ISO/IEC 27001: Information Security Management Systems (ISMS) Lead Implementer, Data Protection Officer, and Cyber Risks Analyst, Denis brings a heightened focus on data security, privacy, and cyber resilience to every endeavor.
His expertise extends across a diverse spectrum of reporting, database, and web development applications, underpinned by an exceptional grasp of data storage and virtualization technologies. His proficiency in application testing, database administration, and data cleansing ensures seamless execution of complex projects.
What sets Denis apart is his comprehensive understanding of Business and Systems Analysis technologies, honed through involvement in all phases of the Software Development Lifecycle (SDLC). From meticulous requirements gathering to precise analysis, innovative design, rigorous development, thorough testing, and successful implementation, he has consistently delivered exceptional results.
Throughout his career, he has taken on multifaceted roles, from leading technical project management teams to owning solutions that drive operational excellence. His conscientious and proactive approach is unwavering, whether he is working independently or collaboratively within a team. His ability to connect with colleagues on a personal level underscores his commitment to fostering a harmonious and productive workplace environment.
Date: May 29, 2024
Tags: Information Security, ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, Artificial Intelligence, GDPR
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ISO/IEC 27001, ISO/IEC 42001, and GDPR: Best Practices for Implementation and...
5a reductase webinar
1. Sebum has a central role in the pathogenesis of acne; it provides a medium
for the proliferation of P. acnes. A correlation exists between the amount of
sebum produced and the severity of acne. Sebaceous gland activity is under
endocrine control and the main stimulus to the sebaceous glands is
represented by androgens.
The reduction of testosterone to dihydro-testosterone (DHT) by the enzyme
5a-reductase is the most important of the enzymatic processes involved
in androgen activity; indeed DHT is a more potent androgen than is
testosterone, due to its greater affinity for the androgen receptor.
There are 2 types of isozymes of 5a reductase. Type 1 and type 2.
Type 1 predominates in the sebaceous gland where it regulates sebum. Type
2 predominates in the prostate and also resides in the hair follicles.
Higher levels of type 1 5a reductase are found in areas of the skin which are
prone to acne. Acne skin has 20 times more dihydrotestosterone. Facial
skin has a higher rate of conversion of DHT than back skin. Males have a
higher rate of conversion than females. Inhibition of type 1 5a reductase
represents a way of blocking the local production of dihydrotesterone within
the sebaceous glands.
This inhibition reduces sebum and improves acne. Apart from isotretinoin and
hormonal therapies, there are few agents that can effectively reduce sebum
production.
This makes 5a reductase inhibitors a refreshing way of treating acne.
Sebum is produced by the sebaceous glands under the control of androgens,
mainly testosterone. Testosterone is converted to the more active 5αdihydrotestosterone (5α-DHT) by the enzyme type 1 5α-reductase.
This more active androgen then stimulates increased sebum production
•
•
The activity of 5a reductase type I is two to seven times greater in
keratinocytes in the infrainfundibulum than in those in other parts of the
epidermis.
DHT is the most active androgen metabolite in the pilosebaceous unit
with an affinity for the androgen receptor that is 5-10 times greater than
that of testosterone.
Androgens not only stimulate sebum they also stimulate the proliferation of
keratinocytes of the ductus seboglandularis and the acroinfundibulum. Antiandrogens reduce the synthesis of sebaceous lipids and improve acne. Skin
that is androgen insensitive skin possesses no functional androgen receptors
and does not produce sebum nor develops acne.
2. DHT may also reach the androgen receptor without the influence of 5αreductase when the precursor molecules are already 5α-reduced.
Milk contains at least 2 such molecules, 5α-androstanedione and 5αpregnanedione, and these are prime candidates as the long-term stimulants
to pilosebaceous activity. There are several other likely precursors in milk
(and its products), and the enzyme systems necessary for their conversion to
DHT are all part of the pilosebaceous intracrine system.
Elevations of plasma glucose, insulin, and IGF-1 are known to occur as a
result of ingestion of a significant glycemic load, and these elevations can in
turn cause a rise in testosterone and a decrease in sex hormone binding
globulin, having the net effect of presenting the pilosebaceous units with
more testosterone. This is the mechanism for the acnegenic effect of high
glycemic load foods.
The purpose of SHBG is to bind to oestrodiol (a type of oestrogen) and
testosterone (particularly dihydrotestosterone or DHT. When SHBG is bound
to these hormones, it inhibits their function, preventing them from floating
around the bloodstream freely and being available to act on cell receptors.
Low levels of SHBG result in increased activity of these hormones which can
show up as excess body hair, head hair loss and acne.
Testosterone metabolism to 5a-dihydrotestosterone and synthesis of
sebaceous lipids is regulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated
receptor ligand linoleic acid in human sebocytes. The free fatty acid Linoleic
acid is a PPAR agonist. PPAR agonists restore the normal lipid balance in the
skin.
PPARs are nuclear transcription factors involved in the control of lipid
metabolism as well as in the control of inflammationc
Sebaceous lipid synthesis is upregulated in the presence of androgens and
certain fatty acids, ligands of proliferator-activated receptors (PPAR) . In fact,
human sebaceous glands are equipped with both androgen receptors and
with PPAR. Among the various PPAR subtypes PPARα and PPARγ are
particularly involved in the regulation of lipid synthesis. A one-month topical
application of linoleic acid, a PPARδ/γ ligand, resulted to almost 25%
reduction of microcomedones in a clinical study.
In sebaceous glands, androgen receptors (AR) are identified in basal and
differentiating sebocytes. In addition, AR are present in pilosebaceous duct
keratinocytes, suggesting that androgens may influence pilocebaceous duct
keratinisation. Keratinocytes play an important role in the inflammatory
reaction of the skin, synthesizing a number of cytokines, adhesion molecules
and growth factors
3. In addition, it is known that keratinocytes play an important role in acne
synthesizing a number of inflammatory cytokines. DHT is not only be
involved in sebum production but also in production of pro-inflammatory
cytokines in acne. DHT upregulates IL-6 and TNF-a .
Women who have acne who have normal circulating androgens, have
increased levels of the tissue-derived androgens. This supports the concept
that target tissue androgens play a part in the pathogenesis of female acne.
Reduced levels of linoleic acid have been found in acne patients and are also
correlated with epidermal hyperplasia perhaps providing an explanation for
the formation of ductal hypercornification. There is also a significantly higher
sebum excretion rate among adult women with persistent acne, compared
with non-acne female adults.
Androgens regulate sebum production and may also play a role in the
follicular hyperkeratinisation seen in acne. The activity of the enzyme type I
5α-reductase varies within regions of the PSU. Compared with interfollicular
epidermal cells, infundibular keratinocytes have been shown to have an
increased capacity for metabolising androgens, suggesting that androgen
activity and follicular hyperkeratinisation are related. This association may in
part be supported by the successful use of oral contraceptives in the
treatment of acne.
Enlargement of the sebaceous glands and increased production of sebum is
stimulated by the increasing production of androgens at puberty. Of these, the
most important androgen is testosterone, which is converted to the more
active 5α-DHT by type 1 5α-reductase. The correlation between increased
sebum production and acne is well established, and explains why the first
signs of acne coincide with the onset of puberty. Furthermore, studies
demonstrate that seborrhoea is more intense in individuals who are acneprone than in those who are free of acne. Increased sebum production seen
in patients with acne is primarily as a result of individual increased sebaceous
gland sensitivity to androgen to increased circulating levels of androgen or
increased type I 5α-reductase activity. Type I 5α-reductase is most
abundantly expressed in facial sebocytes, which may account for the
prevalence of facial acne in all age groups.
Androgen receptors have been localized to the basal layer of the sebaceous
gland and the outer root sheath of the hair follicle. Androgens have been
shown to trigger sebaceous gland growth and development and to stimulate
sebum production. Clinical evidence supports the link between androgen and
acne formation. Sebum production increases markedly during the prepubertal
period, a time when serum levels of dihydroepiandrosterone sulfate (DHEAS),
a precursor to testosterone, are also elevated. Individuals who are insensitive
to androgen do not produce sebum and do not develop acne, and high
androgen states are associated with acne formation.
4. In some studies, acne patients have higher circulating levels of free
testosterone, DHEAS, 5a-reductase, and androgen receptors in the
sebaceous gland compared with patients without acne. It is commonly
believed, however, that hypersensitivity of the sebaceous glands to
androgens is the underlying cause of acne.
Testosterone and dihydrotestosterone (DHT) bind nuclear androgen
receptors, which then interact with deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) in the nucleus
of sebaceous cells and ultimately regulate genes involved in cell proliferation
and lipogenesis. Although these exact target genes are not known, they may
include genes that encode growth factors and lipogenic enzymes.
Peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) Ligands may also be
implicated in regulation of lipid metabolic genes.
Dihydrotestosterone is approximately 5 to 10 times more potent than
testosterone in its interaction with the androgen receptor.
Ingredients that inhibit 5a reductase
Reishi (Ganoderma lucidum)
Red reishi, commonly known as LingZhi in Chinese, is a mushroom thought to
have many health benefits. In a research study exploring the anti-androgenic
effects of 20 species of mushrooms, reishi mushrooms had the strongest
action in inhibiting testosterone. That study found that reishi mushrooms
significantly reduced levels of 5-alpha reductase, preventing conversion of
testosterone into the more potent DHT. High levels of DHT are a risk factor for
conditions such as benign prostatatic hypertrophy (BPH), acne, and baldness.
Zinc Sulphate and Azelaic Acid
Zinc is a potent inhibitor of 5a-reductase activity. At high concentrations, zinc
could completely inhibit the enzyme activity. Azelaic acid was also a potent
inhibitor of 5a reductase. When B6 was added as well there was a 90%
inhibition of 5a-reductase activity was obtained.
Eucalyptus
Eucalyptus inhibits 5a reductase by 47%.
5a-Reductase inhibitory component from leaves
Licorice (Glycyrrhiza glabra)
Licorice affects the endocrine system because it contains isoflavones
(phytoestrogens). Licorice can also reduce testosterone levels, which can
contribute to hirsutism in women.
Saw Palmetto (Serenoa repens)
5. Its extract is believed to be a highly effective anti-androgen as it contains
phytosterols. This has been the subject of a great deal of research
with regards to the treatment of BPH.
Green Tea (Camellia sinensis)
Beyond it’s antioxidant properties, green tea demonstrates anti-inflammatory
as well as antimicrobial activity against p. acnes. It has also been shown to
inhibit 5a reductase and reduce sebum production. A 2% green tea lotion has
been shown to reduce total lesion count by 58% in 6 weeks for clients with
mild to moderate acne.
Inhibits interleukin-1, IL-8, IL-10, IL-12.
Green tea has been associated with higher levels of sex hormone-binding globulin (SHBG).
SHBG is a molecule that binds with high affinity to testosterone. Testosterone bound to SHBG
is not bioactive and cannot bind to androgen receptors or be converted into DHT. Green tea
may also have an effect on the type I 5 alpha reductase enzyme.
References:
• Testosterone metabolism to 5a-dihydrotestosterone and synthesis of sebaceous lipids
is regulated by the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor ligand linoleic acid in
human sebocytes. British Journal of Dermatology 2007 156, pp428–432
•
Differential rates of conversion of Testosterone to Dihydrotestosterone in Acne and
Normal Skin – a possible pathogenic factor in acne. The Journal of Investigative
Dermatology (1971) 56:366-372.
•
Effect of dihydrotestosterone on the upregulation of inflammatory cytokines in
cultured sebocytes. Arch Dermatol Res (2010) 302:429–433
•
Immunolocalization of 5a reductase Isozymes in Acne Lesions and normal skin.
Archives of Dermatology (2000) 136:1125-1129.
•
Diet and acne. Clinics in Dermatology (2008) 26, 93–96
•
Post-adolescent acne: a review of clinical features. British journal of Dermatology
1997; 136
•
Post-adolescent acne. International Journal of Cosmetic Science, 2004, 26, 129–138
•
Anti-Acne Effects of Oriental Herb Extracts: A Novel Screening Method to Select AntiAcne Agents. Skin Pharmacol Appl Skin Physiol 2003;16:84–90
•
Current Concepts of the Pathogenesis of Acne Implications for Drug Treatment.
Drugs 2003; 63 (15): 1579-1596
•
Inhibition of 5a-reductase activity in human skin by zinc and azelaic acid. British
Journal of Dermatology (1988) 119, 627-632
•
5a reductase inhibitory component of ARtocarpus Atilis. J Wood Science (2000)
46:385-389
6. •
Pharmacologically Relevant Receptor Binding Characteristics and5a-Reductase
Inhibitory Activity of Free Fatty Acids Contained in Saw Palmetto Extract Biol. Pharm.
Bull. 32(4) 646—650 (2009)
•
Antioxidiants in Acne Vulgaris and Aging: Focus on Green Tea and Fever Few.
(2012) Journal of Drugs in Dermatology.
•
Green tea and the skin (2005) American Academy of Dermatology, Inc. June.
•
Cosmeceuticals Robert A Schwartz, MD, MPH, Professor and Head of Dermatology,
Professor of Medicine, Professor of Pediatrics, Professor of Pathology, Professor of
Preventive Medicine and Community Health, UMDNJ-New Jersey Medical School
•