Male sex hormones include testosterone and dihydrotestosterone. Testosterone is produced in the testes and regulates the development of male sexual characteristics. It acts through binding to androgen receptors and altering gene expression. Common therapeutic uses of testosterone and related compounds include treating testicular failure, muscle wasting, osteoporosis, and symptoms of aging in men. Side effects can include virilization, acne, and risks to the prostate.

1. MALE SEX HORMONES: BY DR.UMA KADAM M.B.B.S. MD ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR PHARMACOLOGY SKNMC DR.UMA K.

4. DR.UMA K. Estriol Estrone Cholesterol Pregnenolone Progesterone 17- α - Hydroxy pregnenolone 17- Hydroxy progesterone Dehydro-epi androsterone Andro-stenedione TESTOSTERONE ESTRADIOL Aromatase Aromatase Corticosteroids Corticosteroids DHT 5  -reductase

5. DR.UMA K. (DHT)

6. DR.UMA K. Testes Leydig Cells Sertoli Cells Negative feedback Estradiol Inhibin Negative feedback FSH Negative feedback Testosterone LH LH & FSH HYPOTHALAMUS ENDOCRINE FACTORS Pituitary GnRH Regulation of secretion

8. DR.UMA K.

10. DR.UMA K. MECHANISM OF ACTION: T DHT DHT- R T- R R R T- R Nucleus 90% 10% 5-  -reductase Cytoplasm

17. Anabolic steroids….. DR.UMA K.

18. DR.UMA K. Anabolic Steroids Drug Anabolic Androgenic ratio Preparation & Dose Methandienone 3:1 5 – 15 mg/day, p.o. Nandrolone phenylpropionate 3:1 10 – 50 mg/wk, i.m. Nandrolone decanoate 3:1 25 – 50 mg/3 wk, i.m. Stanozolol 3:1 2 - 6 mg/day, p.o. Ethyloestrenol 3:1 8 - 16 mg/day, p.o. Oxandrolone 3:1 5 – 10 mg/day, p.o. Fluoxymesterone 3:1 5 – 10 mg/day, p.o.

25. SILDENAFIL…… DR.UMA K.

26. DR.UMA K. Parasympathetic Sympathetic Acetylcholine Noradrenaline Hypothalamus ANS Muscarinic Receptors vasoconstriction Penile flaccidity Penile erection

27. DR.UMA K. Penile Erection Vasodilatation Muscarinic Receptors  Ca ++ ↑ NO GTP cGMP cAMP ATP ↑ VP AC GC 5’ GMP PDE V SILDENAFIL