57910334-5-MEP-Fire-Protection-rev.ppt

Fire Protection
System
An ISO 9001:2000
Certified Organization
www.ramtech-corp.com

Possible Occurrences of Fire:
Fire can start when sufficient heat is produced and this heat can ignite the materials
round it. Possible sources of ignition may be:
• Smoking
• Naked flames
• Gas, oil fired or electrical heaters
• Hot works such as welding
• Faulty electrical equipment or wiring
• Hot surfaces friction caused by drive belts or loose bearings
• lighting equipment such as halogen lamps
• Arson etc...
An ISO 9001:2000
INTRODUCTION
Requirement of Fire Protection system
Fire protection is used as an insurance or foolproof security for not only
human lives but also for other MEP services against fire mishaps. When MEP
services such as Plumbing, Heating ventilation and Air Conditioning (HVAC)
duct work and Electrical systems are run parallel to one other in between false
ceiling and slab level there is a chance of fire mishaps to occur. Hence fire-
protection system reguired for the safety purpose, which can function
automatically and there by giving maximum protection to MEP services.

FIRE SUPPRESSION AGENT
1. WATER: Water is most common extinguishing agent because it has the ideal properties for
extinguishing the most common fires it is available in plenty and is cheap.
2. CARBON DIOXIDE (CO2): carbon dioxide (CO2) is an effective extinguishing agent, as it
reduces the oxygen content by dilution until support for combustion is not possible. It is used
for dousing electrical fires or other fires which cannot be put out with water. Being toxic,
central extinguishing systems using CO2 have need to be planned to ensure evacuation of
people in time before discharge of the gas in the effected area.
3. HALOGENATED AGENT(HALONS): halogenated extinguishing agent are
hydrocarbons in which one or more hydrogen atoms have been replaced by atoms of fluorine,
chlorine, bromine or iodine. these substitutions result in compounds which are the both non-
inflammable and good extinguishers. Halons have been largely used for electrical and
computer rooms application.
4. FOAM: Fire-fighting foam is an aggregate of gas filled bubbles formed from aqueous
solution of specially formulated concentrated liquid-foaming agents. Air is the commonly used
gas but an inert gas may also be used for certain applications. Foam is produced by mixing the
foaming agent with water and then aerating and agitating it to form the bubbles. Foams are
effective extinguishing agent for oil fires, as they cut out oxygen,besides acting as cooling
agent.
An ISO 9001:2000
INTRODUCTION

An ISO 9001:2000
FIRE SUPPRESSION AGENT
5. POWDER: A variety of dry chemical powers are used as extinguishing agents for
putting out fires of complex nature, e.g., burning metals, chemicals, etc. Most
chemical powers act by forming a stickly residue over the fire on burning, which seals
it from oxygen, thus helping to extinguish the fire and preventing re-ignition.
6. SAND: Sand which is commonly available, is an excellent suppression agent
which acts by smothering an incipient fire. It is particularly useful for electrical and
petroleum fires.
TYPES OF FIRES:
Class A: Organic materials (wood, paper, cloth, plastic, etc,)
Class B: Flammable liquids (petrol, paints, solvents)
Class C: Flammable gases (LPG, acetylene)
Class D: Combustible metals (Mg, Na, K)
Class E: Electrical fires, motors and switch gear.
INTRODUCTION

An ISO 9001:2000
Fire
Detected Not detected for
some time
Automatically
Dect/spk
Manually/Visually
Alarm raised Ignored/
delayed
Fire well
developed
Local action
Check fire condition
Fire detected
Inform fire
brigade
No fire False alarm
Doused locally
Activate Suppression System
Automatic FF.
Operation
Manual of
operation
Internal /external
Hydrants & hoses
Hose reels
Fire
Extinguishers
Sand / water
Buckets
Sprinkler/halon/co2
System activated
Fire condition
End of operation
Fire brigade Take over
No
Extinguished
yes

An ISO 9001:2000
INTRODUCTION
Fire Protection Systems: There are three types:
1. Fire Extinguishers: Fire extinguishers are hand-operated appliances which can
be operated by untrained persons to douse a fire. A fire may have different source of
fuels. Use of an incorrect type of fire extinguisher on an unknown source of fuel may
aggravate the fire and may actually harm the person using it and assist in spreading
the fire rather than extinguishing it.
2. Hydrant System:
a) Dry Risers: Dry risers, so called because they contain no water in the pipes, are
installed within a building and provided with a landing valve in the staircase lobby. The
riser terminates at the street level in the form of a fire brigade connection. The
connection enable the fire-brigade to connect the fire-brigade connection either to a
street fire-hydrant directly or to a fire-brigade pump and charge the dry riser with
water.
b) Wet Risers: Wet risers are fixed pipe-installations, installed within a building and
permanently charged with water under pressure from a reliable water supply source.

An ISO 9001:2000
3. Automatic Sprinklers System: Automatic sprinklers are devices for spraying
water uniformly over fire either to extinguish it entirely or to prevent it from
spreading. The system consists of a set of pipes suspended from a ceiling, with
sprinkler heads fixed at intervals along the pipe. The sprinkler head is a
temperature-sensitive device and operates with a fusible link or glass bulb. In
case of a fire, the fusible link melts or the bulb bursts at a desired temperature,
allowing the water to be sprayed on the fire.
a) Deluge System: Deluge systems are a total-flooding systems which come in
operation with help of a single heat-sensing sprinkler installed on a set of pipes
having large number of nozzles which spray water simultaneously to flood the
area or equipment. Deluge systems are commonly used for protection of
electrical transformers and other high hazard areas where flooding not only
extinguishes the fire but also lower the temperature of combustion and provides
cooling effect.
b) Pre-Action System: Pre-action systems are similar to dry systems, except
that valves release water to the pipes before any sprinkler head has opened.
INTRODUCTION

What is a Sprinkler?
When the material inside shed is under fire, temperature gets raises up to
predetermined temperature in the respective area. The radiation causes the
liquid inside the sprinkler bulb to expand and the bulb bursts throwing out water
under pressurized condition which gets sprayed over the area under fire. The
sprayed water provides cooling effect to the burning material and in turn
extinguishes the fire.
What is Riser?
A riser is a pipe which extends vertically one full storey or more to
convey water to branches or group of fixtures.
What is Riser Nipple?
A Riser Nipple is connected when there is sudden rise in elevations
(levels) between Sprinkler main pipe & branch pipe.
What are Pipe Supports?
Pipe Supports are used to Support pipes at specified intervals.
Typical representation of Pipe supports in Shop Floor drawing
An ISO 9001:2000
DEFINATION

An ISO 9001:2000
DESIGN CRITERIA
Following are Design Codes & Standards for Fire
Fighting System:
 TAC Fire Protection Manual – 1998 Edition.
 NFPA 14 – Rules for Stand Pipe & Hose System.
 NFPA 13 – Standard For Installation Of Sprinkler Systems.
 NFPA 231 – Standard For General Storage.
 TAC Manual Of Sprinkler System.
 NFPA 72 – Standard For National Fire Alarm Code.
 NFPA 2001 – Standard For Clean Agent Fire extinguishing System.
Spacing of sprinklers is determined on the basis of hazard
classification, exposure and the height at which it is installed. Water is
applied at a density measured in mm / min. Standards used by the tariff
advisory committee (TAC) of the insurance association of India for installing
automatic sprinklers given in table 13.2.

Design Densities and Spacing of Sprinklers
Hazards
Design
density
(mm/min
)
Assumed
max. area of
operation
(sqm)
Max. area
covered
per
sprinkler
Maximum
distance
between
sprinklers
1. Extra Light Hazard
1.1 Non-industrial occupancy 2.25 84
where fire-load is low 17 9.2
a) Sidewall sprinklers 21 4.6
b) Other sprinklers
1.2 Areas like kitchen, boiler 5 84
room, attics, basements,
and storage areas where
fire-load is higher
1.3 Other sprinklers 9 3.7
2. Ordinary Hazard
2.1 Commercial and industrial 5 360
occupancies handling
and processing ordinary combustible
materials
a) Sidewall Sprinklers 9 7.4
b) Other sprinklers 12 4
3. Extra high hazards and other types of risks require special attention
according to TAC/code requirements.
An ISO 9001:2000
DESIGN CRITERIA

An ISO 9001:2000
DESIGN CRITERIA

An ISO 9001:2000
GENERAL NOTES
1. The distance between sprinkler to wall shall not exceed 2.3 mtr.
2. The distance between sprinkler deflector and the slab shall not exceed 300 mm.
3. Upright sprinklers shall be installed with frame arms parallel to the branch line.
4. The distance between an upright sprinkler and hanger shall not be less than 80 mm.
5. Hexagonal reducing bushes shall not be used for changing the size of pipe.
6. All pipe shall be to Astm a-53, sch.40 grade-b, galvanised seamless.
7. Threaded fittings shall be used for pipes up to 50 mm and grooved fittings for pipes 65
mm and above.
8. All tamper switches and water flow detectors shall be interfaced with fire alarm system
9. Piping shall be pitched to drain. (branches to be sloped 4mm/mtr. & mains by 2mm/mtr.)

An ISO 9001:2000
Under Ground
Water Tank
SCHEMATIC DIAGRAM OF OVERALL
BUILDING FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
Main Supply from
City Line`
Water Transfer
Pumps
Main Supply Header to
Over Head tank

Fire Protection ABBREVATIONS An ISO 9001:2000

Fire Protection ABBREVATIONS & SYMBOLS An ISO 9001:2000

An ISO 9001:2000
Drawings from
consultant
Arch. drawings
Structural
drawings
Services design
drawings
Shop drawings
(ISD Dwgs.)
MEP Coordination
Drawings
(CSD Dwgs.)
Builders work
drawings
As built drawings
Comments
updated
Approved
Rejected
Approved
Material
Submittals
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM FOR
FIRE FIGHTING SHOP DRAWING

SHOP DRAWING PROCEDURE
DESCRIPTION: Shop drawings are also called as Detail drawings are used to
guide the construction and Erection members. Complete shop drawings show
the levels, pipe sizes, setting out dimensions and typical details, sections being
co-ordinated with all services. Since the shop drawings are intended only for use
in the shop, they generally contain little or no information about the erection and
installation of the MEP members they depict.
The following are steps to be adopted while preparing the Fire fighting
Shop Drawing.
STEP1.
PREPARE ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING:- Prepared the Architectural X-Ref
drawings.
STEP 2.
CONVERT DOUBLE LINE WITH FITTINGS:- Converting the single pipeline into
double line pipe with fittings whose Dia are above 65mm.
STEP3
ASSIGNED THE LEVELS:-Assign the levels after co-ordinating with structural
drawings and other services drawings to all sp
An ISO 9001:2000

STEP 4.
SETTING OUT DIMENSIONS & PIPE SUPPORTS:- Give the reference
dimension from gird or the wall whichever nearest to the fixtures,
pipes and accessories. Provide the pipe supports to the pipe and
details for support.
STEP 5.
SECTION VIEWS:- Prepared the section at a critical area where the
density of pipe work is more.
STEP 6.
STANDARD DETAILS:- Show all the typical fixing details of different
fixtures and accessories.
STEP 7.
TITLE SHEET WITH GENERAL NOTES:- Show all the general notes and
legends in the title block and a creating view port for the drawing as
per the required scale.
An ISO 9001:2000

SHOP DRAWING
Before starting the shop drawing refer all Input and material
submittals for the project.
1. Study the architectural, structural drawings for the FFL, beam
depths and architectural sections.
2. Study the Reflected ceiling plan (RCP) drawing for the False ceiling
level (FCL) and floor pattern drawings.
3. Study the Schematic riser diagram for Sanitary ,storm and Vent
pipes.
4. Study all approved material submittals for example type of
fixture, pipe fitting, accessories and pipe support etc,.
5. Study client’s CAD standards, Legends.
6. Refer the Sample drawing given by client.
GUIDELINES TO PREPARE A SHOP DRAWING
An ISO 9001:2000

SHOP DRAWING
Client will provide the architectural drawing for each floor. It
contains all information like room names & partitions, walls,
columns, beams, door, windows etc., So create one arch
drawing for reference purpose.
PREPARATION OF ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
1. Delete unwanted text and dimensions.
2. Change text height as per shop drawing scale.
3. Change grid bubbles as per shop drawing scale.
4. Change all entities colour as 8.
5. Attach this Arch file as X-reference file for shop drawing.
PROCEDURE:
An ISO 9001:2000
STEP 1:-

SHOP DRAWING
 SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR INPUT ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
An ISO 9001:2000

SHOP DRAWING
 SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR OUTPUT ARCHITECTURAL DRAWING
An ISO 9001:2000

SHOP DRAWING
1. Before starting the double line refer client specification
they wants pipe sizes are Nominal diameter or Outer
diameter. If they are asking Outer diameter, refer below
table.
 CONVERSION OF DOUBLE LINE WITH FITTINGS
2. Start making the double lines for the pipes as per the sizes
mentioned in the contract drawing.
3. Place the pipe fittings like 90, 45 degree elbows, Tee
connections etc., according to the nfpa standards. All fittings
as per approved client submittals.
An ISO 9001:2000
STEP 2:-

Number of Sprinklers on branch can be decided with
respect to Sprinkler pipe size as shown below:
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING

4. Reroute if necessary where ever clashes found with structures
columns and fittings are not inserted within that distance.
5. Avoid the Elbows and ‘Y’ fittings in walls.
6. Show the flow direction as per schematic drawing.
7. After completion of the double line and fittings change the
layers and line type as per client CAD standards.
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING

An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING
STANDARD FIRE FIGHTING FITTINGS

SHOP DRAWING
SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR INPUT FIRE FIGHTING DRAWING
An ISO 9001:2000

SHOP DRAWING
SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR OUTPUT DOUBLE LINE DRAWING
An ISO 9001:2000

BOTTOM OF PIPE:- The distance from the finished floor level(ffl) to
the bottom of insulated pipe is bop. The Sprinkler pipes hangs between
slab and false ceiling level with supporters. If is interference & fouling
with duct or other equipment, in that case we use to bend the pipe as up
& down, then follows the routing.
FOR CALCULATING THE BOP VALUE:-
FFL of current floor______________(from arch. Layout) ssl & slab
thickness of the above floor__________(from structural layout) false
ceiling level must be greater than 2400mm from ffl.
Considering the false ceiling level Sprinkler pipes running 100mm apart.
Assigned the levels
An ISO 9001:2000
STEP3:-
SHOP DRAWING

• Bottom of pipe must be given from the starting point that is from
riser to the till end of the water supply to fixtures and should be
given to all individual pipe lines.
For Example: let ø65 pipe is running to the apartment from riser
considering the bottom of level at starting point for hot water
2850 mm and for cold water 2750 mm from finished floor level.
• After some distance it reduces to ø42 mm
• Calculating the bop 65-42=23mm/2=11.5mm
Rounding it to 12 mm appx.
• Means ø42 mm hot water pipes bop 2850-12= 2838 mm from
finished floor level.
• Similarly for ø12 mm cold water 2750-12= 27385mm from
finished floor level.
An ISO 9001:2000
•Assigned the levels
SHOP DRAWING

SHOP DRAWING
An ISO 9001:2000
STEP 3:- Assigned the levels

An ISO 9001:2000
Give the reference dimension to the sprinkler to sprinkler, pipes and accessories from wall, gird,
Column or Beams, whichever nearest, for the installation of pipe and accessories etc. purpose.
STEP 4:- SETTING OUT DIMENSIONS:
SHOP DRAWING

Pipe supports are generally provided for sprinklers pipe at an interval of 1 to 3 meters
distance or as per client requirement.
An ISO 9001:2000
Pipe Support
SHOP DRAWING
STEP 4:- PIPE SUPPORTS

Typical Channel Support for every 3 meter & pipe support on vertical structure
An ISO 9001:2000
Pipe hanger & Rod Details
SHOP DRAWING

An ISO 9001:2000
Typical Clevis Hanger & C-Clamp Details used as Pipe Support
Pipe hanger & Rod Details
SHOP DRAWING

SHOP DRAWING An ISO 9001:2000
STEP6:- STANDARD DETAILS
Classification of Sprinklers
 Upright sprinklers
 Pendent sprinklers
 Sidewall sprinklers
Pendent & Upright sprinklers (combined)
The following are the main types of sprinklers available in
Fire Protection System:
Pendent type sprinklers were used basically beneath the
false ceiling where as upright sprinklers and sidewall
sprinklers are used in parking areas.

Standard detail Upright Sprinkler

Standard detail Pendent Sprinkler

Pendent Sprinkler
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING

Pendent & Upright sprinklers (combined)
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING

This is how Sprinkler ‘Main Pipe’ and ‘Branch Pipe’ are
connected by Riser Nipple:
SPRINKLER HEAD
NIPPLE
SPRINKLER MAIN PIPE
PENDANT TYPE
BRANCH PIPE
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING

The Riser Nipple size with respect to Number of
sprinklers can be found from following table:
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING
PIPE
SIZE
BHS
AREA
OTHER
AREA
25
32
40
50
65
80 11
ABOVE
21
ABOVE
1 2
2 3
3 4-5
4-8 6-10
9-10 11-20

Typical FM-200 System used in Fire
Protection System by using FM-200 Gas
Gas Extinguishing System
An ISO 9001:2000
Some special premises, e.g. server rooms, were equipped with gas
extinguishing system in addition to the sprinkler system according to the
special instructions of the premises.
SHOP DRAWING

An ISO 9001:2000
FLEXIBLE PIPE CONNECTOR / EXPANSION JOINT
SHOP DRAWING

P & I diagram of FM-200 container
An ISO 9001:2000

Fire Extinguisher
Fire Extinguishers are represented in the following manner in shop floor drawing:
An ISO 9001:2000
Fire Extinguisher is used to destroy or minimize fire by using Carbon Dioxide, Dry
Powder or film foam Extinguishing compound.
CO2 extinguishers are selected typically for spaces where the aim is to prevent damage
caused by the extinguishing compound itself.
Dry powder and film foam extinguishers were designed for premises where there is a
large potential fire load and where the damage by the extinguishing compound would
not be significant.

Fire Hose Reel was installed for area with high fire load
(warehouses & production areas). Hose reel was mounted
inside a wall/column mounted M.S. Box.
Fire Hose reel
An ISO 9001:2000

Deluge System
Deluge System is generally used near electrical equipment such as cable trays
etc., where fire protection is required.
An ISO 9001:2000

An ISO 9001:2000
DATAILS
TITLE BLOCK
KEY PLAN
REF DWG. NO’S.
LEGENDS
GENERAL
NOTES
SEE BELOW SAMPLE SHOP DRAWING FOR FIRE FIGHTING LAYOUT:
SHOP DRAWING
PLAN

•VIEW PORT CREATION
Scaling is used to depict objects on paper that are either larger or smaller than
the paper. Creation of view port is done in Paper space. Generally shop
drawings in 1:50 scale and sections are 1:25 scale. View port is create by
using the command “MVIEW”.
•TITLE BLOCK UPDATING
Title block is provided by client as required size (A0, A1, A2 A4). Generally the
title block details are…...
Notes: Show the any specific notes in the Notes column related to this
shop drawing. See below snap shot….
HVAC
PLUMBING
ELECTRICAL
NOTES:
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING

An ISO 9001:2000
PLAN
SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR OUTPUT PLAN:
SHOP DRAWING

An ISO 9001:2000
SEE BELOW SCREEN SHOT FOR OUTPUT DATAILS:
SHOP DRAWING
DATAILS

REF. DWG. NOS.: Update the Reference Drawing Nos. what ever the
drawings are referred while preparing this shop drawing I.e. Architectural,
structural, schematic, design drawing.. See below snap shot….
•KEY PLAN: Hatching the location in key plan, the area is covered in this
sheet.
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING

• DRAWING TITLE: Update the Drawing Title information I.e. Floor, Level,
service, Drawn By, Checked By, Approved By, Revision, Drawing Scale and
Drawing No... See below snap shot….
An ISO 9001:2000
SHOP DRAWING

FIRE FIGHTING PIPE MATERIALS
An ISO 9001:2000

Fire Hose cabinet shown like this in input drawing:
Fire Hose Cabinet
An ISO 9001:2000

Fire Hose cabinet shown like this in output drawing:
An ISO 9001:2000

Typical Sectional Details of
Fire Fighting System
FIRE FIGHTING DETAIL - FOR SETTING OF PIPE ELEVATION
(BRANCH PIPE PASSING BELOW BEAM)
(APPLICABLE ONLY IN AREAS WHERE BOTTOM OF BEAM CLOSE TO CEILING)
An ISO 9001:2000

(BRANCH PIPE PASSING BELOW BEAM)
An ISO 9001:2000

(AREAS WITHOUT CABLE TRAY)
An ISO 9001:2000

CABLE TRAY INSTALLED 300mm BELOW SOFFIT OF SLAB)
An ISO 9001:2000

(CABLE TRAY INSTALLED AT DIFFERENT LEVEL) - MORE THAN 300mm BELOW SOFFIT OF SLAB)
An ISO 9001:2000

57910334-5-MEP-Fire-Protection-rev.ppt

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