This document outlines a seminar presentation on fire fighting systems at a power substation, emphasizing the importance of fire safety in various industries due to the high flammability of transformer oil. It covers topics such as design and engineering, the necessity of fire fighting systems, project management, and various fire detection and suppression technologies, including sprinklers and hydrants. The presentation details procurement, construction management, and provides extensive technical specifications for components involved in fire safety systems.

1. FIRE FIGHTING @ 765/400 KV BAREILLY UP
A SEMINAR PRESENTATION ON
SUBMITTED TO
Mr. Yogesh Mishra
Mr. Abhimanyu Singh Ratore
Mr. Amit Dangyache
(Asst Prof)
Presented by
Md Asghar Khalil
(PCE2/ME/12/003)
khalil9553@gmail.com
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING, PCE JAIPUR

2. CONTENT
INTRODUCTION TO SITE
NECESSITY OF FIRE FIGHTING
DESIGN AND ENGINEERING
WATER INLET ACCESSORIES
PIPING AND FITTING
WELDING
GAS CUTTER
GRINDER
HYDRANT SYSTEM
AIR VESSEL
PUMP AND MOTORS
JOCKEY PUMP
DIESEL ENGINE
CONTROL PANEL

3. INTRODUCTION ABOUT SITE
This site is work under the government of power grid.
Safety department work is done by BCFSL
• Bhartiya Caccialanza Fire Systems Limited called BCFSL
is an ISO 9001-2008 company established in 1988. Ours
is a group of company and it was incorporated as a
limited company in the year 1988 under the company’s
act 1956. Since the existence of the company providing
epic contract turnkey basis solution to any fire risk
from all level of industries. Power plant, transmission,
oil & gas, hospitals, commercial and residential
buildings in all over the country.

4. Firefighting
Firefighting system is one of the important
and integral part of the plant from a safety
point of view as transformer oil is highly
inflammable and can cause great hazard.
Firefighting is the act of extinguishing fires.
A firefighters suppresses and extinguishes fires to
protect lives and prevent destruction of property and
the environment.

5. Necessity of Fire Fighting system
• The fire fighting system in the sub station is
very essential
• Saves the equipment from damage
• Loss of life & loss of equipment can be
prevented
• Regular trial operation of the system is
necessary to detect any fault /deficiency in the
system

6. Design & Engineering
Managing fire safety starts with the initial design of a building. The design should minimize the risk
of fire and ensure that, if a fire does occur, appropriate fire safety systems (including active, passive,
and procedural systems) are in place.
It is now compulsory for companies to conduct a fire risk assessment. As an employer, or as
someone who has control of a workplace, you must take reasonable steps to reduce the risk from
fire and make sure people can safely escape if there is a fire.
The management of fire safety is an essential element in averting disaster in the event of a fire.
Although many buildings will never have a serious life-threatening fire, it is essential for fully
functional fire safety procedures to be an integral part of every building.
Procurement & Supply:-
We provide fully comprehensive procurement and supply services to our customers
Our Procurement division are drawn from specialized fields with each having a unique equipment
and product knowledge which enables a faster response to client requirements with the addition of
specialist technical support whenever needed.
Our principle is to deliver quality products and service excellence at the most competitive price
through our experience, integrity and overall ability by utilizing our experienced personnel with
knowledge covering all aspects of marine and offshore equipments and spares in conjunction with
our vast network of principals worldwide.

8. Project Management:-
Our designers stay with each project from start to finish. We manage and coordinate manpower,
materials and schedules. Designers also handle contract documentation, design and hydraulic
calculations, as well as stay informed on code and insurance compliance.
Our employs are more than three dozen design professionals who are certified by the National
Institute for Certification in Engineering Technologies (NICET). Many of them have accumulated
added certifications in special hazards. To satisfy NICET recertification and to ensure that our
designers stay up-to-date with the latest technologies and methods in the industry, we encourage
and provide continuing education credits.
Nearly all our designers have engineering- or construction-related 4-year degrees coupled with
mandatory shop and field training. We provide our staff with the latest in design software, as well
as state-of-the-art, fixed and portable hardware to allow on-site design.
• Construction Management:-
We are among the best fire station construction companies, providing comprehensive services for
institutional, educational, charitable, religious and public works projects in India and abroad.
Distinguishing themselves among fire station construction companies, we have grown steadily
through unfailing client satisfaction, repeat business, a prudent business philosophy, and just plain
hard work. We provide experienced, vigilant control of design, budget and scheduling. Our builders,
architects, and project managers know the critical questions to ask and by blending resourceful
problem-solving skills, solid research methods, and peerless construction methods we consistently
complete projects on time and in budget.

9. Inspection, Testing & Commissioning
We have the ability to provide inspections, service and
maintenance for your fire sprinkler system and fire alarm system
that meet or exceed all National Fire Protection Association (NFPA)
codes and standards. We pride ourselves on delivering outstanding
customer service through organization, personnel and experience.
Customer service is one of our core values and we firmly believe
it’s what makes our business successful.
Our “one call does it all” philosophy means we can provide both
services, and our clients can save time and money by eliminating
the coordination problems that can arise when dealing with
multiple companies. We take out the middleman and handle all
our clients’ system needs from start to finish and beyond. After the
first inspection is complete, we add their system information to our
database, inform them of any problems, maintain their system
data and advise them of scheduling requirements for future
inspections.

11. PIPING AND FITTING
A fitting is used in pipe plumbing systems to connect straight pipe or tubing sections,
to adapt to different sizes or shapes, and for other purposes, such as regulating or
measuring fluid flow. The term plumbing is generally used to describe conveyance of
water, gas, or liquid waste in ordinary domestic or commercial environments,
Whereas piping is often used to describe high-performance.

12. FLANGE
To connect two pipe
A flange is an external or internal ridge, or rim (lip), for strength, as
the flange of an iron beam such as an I-beam or a T-beam; or for
attachment to another object, as the flange on the end of a pipe,
steam cylinder, etc., or on the lens mount of a camera; or for a
flange of a rail car.

13. SPIRIT LEVEL
To check the pipe is straight
and perpendicular or not.
RATCHET THREADER
To cut thread in the pipe
WRAPPING COATING
It is used to cover the pipe by which
water supply with the underground
system. It is used fir protection of pipe
by corrosion, destroy and leakage of
pipe is strictly prohibited. It also
increase the pipe to long life.

14. Welding is an art of joining metals by heating and then pressing
together. The process of joining may also take place by other
means of riveting or by fastening nut and bolts.

15. GAS CUTTER
Oxygen/Acetylene welding, or "Gas Welding", is a process which relies on
combustion of oxygen and acetylene. When mixed together in correct
proportions within a hand-held torch or blowpipe, a hot flame is produced with a
temperature of about 3,200°c. The chemical action of the oxy/acetylene flame
can be adjusted. by changing the ratio of the volume of oxygen to acetylene,
using the valves on the torch or blowpipe.

16. GRINDER
A grinding machine is a machine tool used for producing very
fine finishes or making very light cuts, using an abrasive wheel
as the cutting device. This wheel can be made up of various
sizes and types of stones, diamonds or of inorganic materials.
For machines used to reduce particle size in materials
processing see grinding.
HIGH SPEED CUTTER
It is used to cut the section of pipe as dimension is required in
the design to set up the pipe.

17. Gate valve
A gate valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow. The name gate is
derived from the appearance of the disk in the flow stream.
Strainer
It is used to prevent impurities and solid particles
from entering the pump.
Types
Y-type and basket type

18. Solenoid valve
A solenoid valve is an electromechanically operated valve. The valve is
controlled by an electric current through a solenoid in the case of a two-
port valve the flow is switched on or off; in the case of a three-port valve,
the outflow is switched between the two outlet ports. Multiple solenoid
valves can be placed together on a manifold.
Solenoid valves are the most frequently used control elements
in fluidics. Their tasks are to shut off, release, dose, distribute or mix
fluids.
A- Input side
B- Diaphragm
C- Pressure chamber
D- Pressure relief
passage
E- Solenoid
F- Output side

19. Strainer screens
Perforated screens - These are formed by punching a large number of
holes in a flat sheet of the required material using a multiple punch. The
perforated sheet is then rolled into a tube and spot welded together These are
relatively coarse screens and hole sizes typically range from 0.8 mm to 3.2 mm.
Consequently, perforated screens are only suitable for removing general pipe
debris.
Mesh screens - Fine wire is formed into a grid or mesh arrangement. This is then
commonly layered over a perforated screen, which acts as a support cage for the
mesh

20. Deluge Valve is known as a system control valve
in a deluge system, used for fast application of
water in a spray system. Deluge valve protects
areas such as power transformer installation,
storage tank, conveyor protection and other
industrial application etc. With the addition of
foaming agent they do protect aircraft hanger and
inflammable liquid .
Pressure Relief Valve
The valve maintains a pre-set fixed
upstream pressure, regardless of
downstream pressure or flow rate
variations. The valve will be closed
drip tight when the upstream
pressure is lower than the set value.
Pressure Reduce Valve
Hydraulic pressure-reducing valve.
The valve maintains a pre-set fixed
downstream pressure, regardless of
upstream pressure or flow rate
variations

21. Types of fire detectors
• Heat detectors
• Smoke detectors
• Flame detectors
Heat Detectors
• These are generally less sensitive than smoke detectors and are
unlikely to respond for smoldering fires.
• They are not suitable for the protection of places where small fires
can cause huge losses.e.g. Computer Rooms
• These are suitable for use in places where sufficient heat is likely to
be generated and damage caused the heat generated by fire
contributes top main hazards. E.g. Battery Rooms, Boilers etc

22. Microprocessor based analogue addressable fire detection
systems
• Analogue Fire Alarm System
These are also microprocessor based systems which work on the principle of
extended loops and are suitable for large premises. The system gives LED
indications in the control panel thereby isolating the source of fire.
Addressable Fire Alarm System
These systems give LCD displays which show the exact location of all the detectors
room-wise (for example computer room, drawing room etc.) from where fire has
started.
• Conventional fire detection systems:-
From control panels through to manual call points, decectors, bells, door releases
and sounders, gent by Honeywell provides a cost effective conventional fire
detection system scalable for sites of all types. With the Xerox control panel at its
hub, Gent can cover up to eight zones. Integrated with the low-current S-cube
range of sounders incorporating sound, speech and storbe in a single device, Gent
ensure a site has high levels of coverage with above average response rates during
an emergency situation.

23. FIRE HYDRANT SYSTEM
A fire hydrant is an above-ground connection that
provides access to a water supply for the purpose of
fighting fires.
The water supply may be pressurized, as in the case of
hydrants connected to water mains buried in the
street, or unpressurized, as in the case of hydrants
connected to nearby ponds or cisterns. Every hydrant
has one or more outlets to which a fire house may be
connected. If the water supply is pressurized, the
hydrant will also have one or more valves to regulate
the water flow.

24. Hose pipes along with branch pipes and
nozzles are kept in post boxes located
adjacent to hydrants points.
In case of fire, these hoses are coupled to the
respective hydrant and jet of water is
directed towards the seat of the fire.
The system is automatic to the extent that
whenever the pressure in the piping network
drops the beyond a preset value, signal is
given to start the hydrant pump by means of
pressure switch. However the stopping of the
pump is manual.
Water for the hydrant service is generally
stored in an easily accessible RCC reservoir.
The water for the hydrant system shall be
supplied from the nearest bore wells
available in the substation.
HYDRANT SYSTEM

25. SPECIFICATION
• The Hydrant system is spread in the switchyard and the
auxiliary systems
• Large pipes of dia 300mm/250mm/150mm either
underneath or above the ground runs in the yard
• Identification – post office red painted
• The pressure in the line is maintained by the air
compressor in auto mode – 7Kg/cm2
• The hydro pneumatic tank maintains the pressure and loss
of water.
• Jockey pump maintains the water level in the hydro-
pneumatic tank
• Two level switches detect the water level

26. • A special type of nozzle – projectors discharges a cone of water in the form
of evenly distributed broken streams of high velocity and high momentum.
• The rapid movement of the broken streams of water is suddenly arrested at
the oil surface and the impact causes the oil to be broken up into tiny
globules to form an emulsion with water.
• In this manner, almost immediately the water from the projector strikes the
burning oil-in-water emulsion is formed which cannot burn.
• In addition, the dispersion of the oil in minute globules in the water gives
almost instantaneous cooling and thus, together with the extinguishment of
the fire, there is simultaneous cessation of the formation of the Vapour
• Detection of fire – Quartzoid bulbs fitted in the detection line
• The Quartzoid bulbs are broken at 79Deg C thus reducing the pressure in
detection line
Emulsification process

27. SPRINKLER SYSTEM
A system for extinguishing fires; water from a network
of overhead pipes is released through nozzles that
open automatically with the rise in temperature.A fire
sprinkler system is an active fire protection measure,
consisting of a water supply system, providing
adequate pressure and flowrate to a water distribution
piping system, onto which fire sprinklers are
connected. Although historically only used in factories
and large commercial buildings, home and small
building systems are now available at a cost-effective
price.

28. WATER SUPPLIES:
• Water for the spray system shall be stored in any easily accessible
surface or under ground lined reservoir or above ground tanks of steel,
concrete, or masonry.
• Reservoirs/tank shall be in two independent but interconnected
compartments with a common sump for suction to facilitate cleaning and
repairs.
• Water for the systems shall be free of particles, suspended matters,etc. and
as far as possible, filtered water shall be used for the systems.
• Level indicator shall be provided for measuring the quantity of water
stored anytime.
• Water reservoir/tank shall be cleaned at least once in two years or more
frequently if necessary to prevent contamination and sedimentation.
• It is advisable to provide adequate inflow into the reservoir/tank so that the
protection can be reestablished within a short period.
Water Spray Systems

29. TYPES OF SPRAY SYSTEM
• Medium Velocity Water Spray System – MVWS
Fires involving liquids with flash points below 32°C cannot always be
extinguished by high velocity water spray system, and in such cases
medium velocity water sprayers giving medium water drop sizes are
employed. Water is sprayed directly over the protected surface,
preventing dangerous temperature rise and distortion.
• High Velocity Water Spray System – HVWS
High velocity water spray system has been designed to extinguish oil fires.
It introduces an entirely new principle in fire extinguishing.
High velocity water spray system has been designed to extinguish oil fires.
It introduces an entirely new principle in fire extinguishing. It is employed
to bring about a fundamental change in the nature of the flammable
liquid, which is converted temporarily into an emulsion that cannot burn.
All oils are water repellent, and so do not melt. Therefore, the cooling
action of water applied in the form of a jet or low-pressure spray is
negligible. The basic principle used in high velocity spray system is the use
of water in the form of fine mist.

30. • This system is used for the protection of transformers and reactors in the
substation.
• The High Velocity Water Spray System - for extinguishing of oil fires
• It is employed to bring about a fundamental change in the nature of the
inflammable liquid, which is converted temporarily into an emulsion which
cannot burn.
• High Velocity water spray system - network of projectors arranged around
the equipment to be protected.
• Water under pressure is directed to the projector network through a flow
control/deluge valve from a pipe network laid exclusively for the spray
system.
• The minimum running water pressure at any projector must in no instance
be below 3.5 bar.
High Velocity Water (HVW) Spray
System

31. Nozzle
Nozzle is a device which accelerates the fluid in a direction along the axis of nozzle.
Special type of nozzle – projectors discharges a cone of water in the form
of evenly distributed broken streams of high velocity and high momentum
Quartzoid Bulb Detector (QBD)
It is used for detection of fire which will be connected to the deluge valve for auto
operation of the system.
Sprinkler temperature should be of 68Deg or 79Deg Celsius depending upon the
ambient temperature of the location of the plant.

32. Pressure gauge
Water pressure is measured in pounds per square inch or psi. An average
water pressure is around 30-50 psi. The pressure can vary widely from home
to home. Determining your specific pressure is necessary to your irrigation
plan. Keep in mind that sprinkler and drip systems will not work properly if
the pressure is too low or too high. Most sprinkler systems work at an optimal
pressure of 30-50 psi, and most drip systems work best in the range of 20-40
psi.

33. It is used to reduce frictional head and give a steady flow of liquid.
Air Vessel Mild steel air vessel adequate size to take care of
pressure surges during operation of the system and venting
of entrapped air in the system shall be complete with air
relief valve, pressure gauge, drain valve and shut off valve at
the inlet.

34. • Electrical driven HVWS Pump – 410Cum/Hr Motor 125KW
• Diesel engine driven HVWS pump - 410Cum/Hr Engine
166BHP
• Electrical driven Hydrant Pump – 96Cum/Hr Motor 30KW
• Diesel engine driven HVWS pump - 96Cum/Hr Engine
57BHP
• Jockey pump – 10.8CuM/Hr Motor 7.5KW
• Air Compressor – 8Kg/Cm2 Motor 3KW
Pumps & Motors

35. ELECTRIC MOTOR
The motor or an electrical motor is a device
that has brought about one of the biggest
advancements in the fields of engineering and
technology ever since the invention of
electricity. A motor is nothing but an electro-
mechanical device that converts electrical
energy to mechanical energy
Types of electric motor
1) DC Motor
2) Induction Motor
3) Synchronous Motor

36. JOCKEY PUMP
Jockey pump is a small pump connected to a
fire sprinkler system to maintain pressure in
the sprinkler pipes. This is to ensure that if a
fire-sprinkler is activated, there will be a
pressure drop, which will be sensed by the
fire pumps automatic controller, which will
cause the fire pump to start.
DIESEL ENGINE
Diesel engine is a type of internal combustion
engine. Combustion is another word for
burning, and internal means inside, so an
internal combustion engine is simply one
where the fuel is burned inside the main part
of the engine (the cylinders) where power is
produced.

37. CONTROL PANEL
The supplier shall supply necessary control panels with instruments
mounted therein. All the interconnections between panel and
equipment will be carried out by others for which purpose the supplier
shall apply adequate quantities of tubing, wiring, fittings, terminal
boxes etc.