1 . Piping 2. Tank Design 3. Standpipe System 4. Pump Selection & Types For Complete FIREFIGHTING Presentation Check out my product on Instamojo:https://www.instamojo.com/ezazsidd1993/fire-fighting-a-complete-handbook/

1. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
2019
FIREFIGHTING
NOTES:- PART-01
MEP
Fire-Fighting System, Automatic. A system of equipment used to
prevent, extinguish, localize, or block fires in enclosed spaces.
Automatic fire-fighting systems are installed in buildings and rooms
where the fire hazard is comparatively high.
Ezazul Haque
Er. Ezazul Haque Siddique
ezazsidd1993@gmail.com

2. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
FIRE FIGHTING SYSTEM
➢ Water system
➢ Gas system
➢ Foam system
➢ Powder system
I. Manual system
• FIRE HOSE CABINET [FHC]
• FIRE HYDRANT [FH]
➢ Water system
II. Automatic system( Sprinkler system)
• Wet system
• Dry system
• Pre-action system
• Deluge system
• Anti-freeze system
STAND PIPE SYSTEM & FIRE HOSE SYSTEM
As per NFPA 14
LOCATION OF HOSE CONNECTION
• Hose Connections And Hose Station Shall Be Unobstructed And Shall Be Located Not Less
Than 0.9m [3ft] Or More Than 1.5m [5ft].
i. At Each Intermediate Landing Between Floors Levels In Every Required
Exit Stairway.
ii. In Covered Mall Buildings, In Each Exit Passageway at the Entrance from
the Buildings Area into Passageway.
CLASSES OF STAND PIPE SYSTEM
• CLASS -1 = A Class 1 Standpipe System Provide A 2.5” Hose Connection use by fire
departments. This Class Has No Hose Attached. These Are Basically Known As Landing Valve.
• CLASS -2 = system provide a 1.5” hose station. Used By Building Occupants (With No Special
Firefighting Training) Arrival Of Fire Department. These Are Typically Found In Cabinet With 30
M Of Hose.
• CLASS-3 = combination of class 1 & class 2.
TYPES OF STAND PIPE SYSTEM
WET –
Water Is In The Pipes At All Times. Standpipe System Having A Supply Valve Open And Water Pressure
Maintained At All Times To The Outlet Valves.
DRY -
1. Normally Empty – System Is Charged With Air Pressure. Water Enters The System When
An Outlet Valve Is Opened And The Drop In Air Pressure Open The Supply Valve.

3. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
2. Normally Empty – System Is Charged Automatically When An Electrical Switch Or Other
Devices Located At Each Outlet Is Activated.
3. Normally Empty – System Has No Permanent Water Supply. Water Is Supplied By Fire
Department Pumper.
PRIMED TYPE –
Dry Type (No Permanent Water Supply). But Is Kept Of Full Of Water To Reduce Filling Time By A Fire
Department Pumper.
DESIGN of STAND PIPE SYSTEM:-
PRESSURE LIMITATION
The maximum pressure at any point in the system at any time shall not exceed 24.1 bar (350
psi).
For 1.5” hose connection pressure shall not exceed 6.9 bar if exceeds use pressure reducing
valve.
Minimum sizes for standpipes and branch line
• Class-1 & class-3 standpipe shall be at least 100 mm (4”) in size.
• Standpipe that is part of a combined system shall be at least 150 mm (6”) in size.
• Branch lines shall be sizes based on the hydraulic criteria but not less than 65 mm.
Fire Hose Cabinet [FHC]
As per NFPA 14
1 Standpipe system riser
2 Sprinkler system riser
3 Combined system riser
4 Drain riser
• Standard size used for system risers ---- 1” to 10”
• SIZING FOR STAND PIPES DRAINS
Up to 2” [50 mm] 34” [20 mm] or larger
2.5”[65 mm] ,3”[80 mm] or 3.5” [90 mm ] [32 mm] or larger
4” [100 mm ] or larger 2” [50 mm] or larger
• Component related to system
Valve- gate valve , OS & Y valve ,check valve, strainers , landing valves, PRV
valve, butterfly valve, alarm check valve, test & drain valve [ ZCV-ZONE CONTROL
VALVE],
Automatic air vent, pressure gauge, FIRE HOSE REEL. FDC (SIMESE’S
CONNECTION)

4. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FIRE HOSE REEL
Synthetic rubbers/ synthetic fiber like polyester or nylon type hose on a round roll.
Diameter= 1 inch/1.5 inch
Pressure= 4.5 bar
100 GPM
Hose length = 30 meter
FIRE HOSE RACK
Linen hose on a rack & pulled like curtain.
Diameter = 1 inch/1.5 inch
Pressure = 4.5 bar
100 GPM
Hose length = 15 meter or 30 meter
LANDING VALVE
A fire fighting landing valve is a core part of the hose system that acts as a manual stop valve giving you
complete control over your fire fighting system. By rotating the landing valve handle anti-clockwise, you can
simply activate the water flux in the fire fighting system.
INPUT DIA 100 MM & OUTPUT DIA 63 MM

5. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
FIRE HOSE CABINET CLASSIFIED AS-
CLASS-1
Civil defense
HYDRAULICAL DESIGN
PRESSURE & FLOW RATE
Diameter-2.5
inch
Design =250
gpm[more than 3
hose connection at one
location at any floor
should be 750 gpm]
Max.press =12.1
bar
Min. press.=6.9
bar
If p>12.1 bar,
should use
PRV
Hose connections and hose
cabinet must be
unobstructed and must be
located not less than 3 ft (.9
m) or more than 5 ft (1.5 m)
above the floor.
Fire Hose Cabinet, which is
found either recessed or
surface, mounted onto the
wall of a building.
CLASS-2
Normal user
HYDRAULICAL DESIGN
PRESSURE & FLOW
RATE
• Diameter- 1
or 1.5 inch
• Design =100
gpm [for at least
one hose connection
should be 100 gpm]
• Max.press. =
6.9 bar
Min.
press.=4.9
bar
If p>6.9
bar,
should
use PRV
Hose connections and
hose cabinet must be
unobstructed and
must be located not
less than 3 ft (.9 m) or
more than 5 ft (1.5 m)
above the floor.
Fire Hose Cabinet,
which is found either
recessed or surface,
mounted onto the wall
of a building.
CLASS-3
Collect class
HYDRAULICAL DESIGN
PRESSURE & FLOW RATE
• Diameter-1 or
2.5 inch
Design =250
gpm[more than 3
hose connection at one
location at any floor
should be 750 gpm ]
Max.press =12.1
bar
Min. press.=6.9
bar
If p>12.1 bar,
should use
PRV
Hose connections and hose
cabinet must be
unobstructed and must be
located not less than 3 ft (.9
M) or more than 5 ft (1.5 m)
above the floor.
Fire Hose Cabinet, which is
found either recessed or
surface, mounted onto the
wall of a building.

6. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
Fire Hydrant System [FHS]
As per NFPA 24
Fire Hydrant is also known as yard hydrant in many countries. Image shown above for
international style is not used in India. Instead of this international style Hydrant, We use Stand
post type fire hydrant in India.
There are two types of pressurized fire hydrants:-
Wet-barrel and dry-barrel.
[Controllable & non-controllable]

7. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
Fire hydrants using public water supply systems should be painted chrome yellow, and
their tops and caps should indicate the available GPM. Below 500GPM should be red,
500-999 GPM should be orange, 1000-1499 GPM should be green, and 1500 GPM or
more should be blue.
Located on exposed Area. & each exit has a hose with 30 meter Length.
Hydrants shall be located not less than 40ft [12.2 meter] from the buildings to be
protected
Allow minimum size of hydrant with 4” & 6”
For freezing area select DRY BARREL TYPE HYDRANT
For normal temperature regions select WET BARREL TYPE HYDRANT
Every fire hydrant is isolated with separate underground gate valve.
Distance bw two hydrants at least 60 m. [ for Light hazards 60 m , for Ordinary
hazards 45 m, for Heavy hazards 30 m]
Distance bw hydrant and a Fire department connection shall be 30 m [100ft].
Hydrant installation from ground level should be from 18” to 36”.
FOR UNDERGROUND PIPE OF FIRE HYDRANT INSTALLATION:-
• Ductile iron pipe [up to 4”] , Steel pipe [ 6” & larger]
• FITTING –
C.I [threaded (125-250 class)], M.I [threaded (150-300 class)]
Steel [welded fittings], copper [for solder joints]
• All piping attached should be tested to 200 psi (13.8 bar)
WHAT IS DOWN- COMER?
FOR BUILDING ABOVE 15 M HEIGHT BUT NOT EXCEEDING 30 M HEIGHTS.
An arrangement of fire fighting within the building by means of down-comer pipe connected to terrace
tank through terrace pump, gate valve and non-return valve and having mains not less than 100
internal dia with landing valve on each floor. It is also fitted with inlet connections at ground level for
charging with water by pumping from fire department services and their air release valve at roof level
to release trapped air inside.
FI EFIGHTING NOTE

8. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
Operation of HYDRANT
MAX. HEIGHT FROM GRADE LEVEL = 36 INCH = 914 MM
MIN. HEIGHT FROM GRADE LEVEL = 18 INCH = 457 MM

9. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
Fire Brigade Inlet
Breeching Inlet is installed outside the building or any easily accessible area in the building for fire brigade
personnel to access the inlet. This inlet is used by the fire brigade personnel to access water. It is normally dry but is
used to pump water by charging using many firefighting equipment.
Conventional, Gunmetal, stainless steel 2way, 3way & 4way TYPE.
Siamese connection [ FDC ]
The Fire Department Connection (FDC), also known as the Siamese Connection.
Our free standing inlet Fire Department Connections (FDCs) are complete units that are typically installed outside of
a building near a sidewalk. They are used by the fire department to supply additional water to the building's fire
protection system.
A FIRE DEPARTMENT CONNECTION FOR EACH STANDPIPE SYSTEM SHALL BE LOCATED NOT MORE
THAN 30.5 M [100FT] FROM THE NEAREST FIRE HYDRANT CONNECTED TO AN APPROVED WATER
SUPPLY.
FDC SHALL BE ON THE STREET SIDE OF BUILDING, FULLY VISIBLE, AND PERMITED TO EXCEED 30.5 M
[100FT] SUBJECT TO THE APPROVAL OF THE AHJ.

10. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
FIRE PUMPS
[As per NFPA 20]
PURPOSE
Take the water from existing water source, and increase that source pressure (PSI) by a designed amount and
provide that higher pressure to a fire protection system at a designed rate of flow (GPM).
Nominal Flow rate with GPM ( FROM 25 TO 5000)
Pressure rate with PSI ( FROM 40 and UP)
Fire pump is not { OFF-THE-SELF } items
• All fire pumps should be UL/FM approved. UL- underwriters laboratories & FM- Factory mutual

11. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
Jockey Pump
Jockey pump is neither UL listed nor FM approved.
Pressure maintenance pump.
• Sprinkler system loss pressure over time. When we have pressure drop, the jockey pump start, pump
don’t know the difference between a drop in pressure over minutes or month.
Jockey pump shall have rated capacities not less than any normal leakage rate and shall have discharge
pressure sufficient to maintain desired fire protection pressure.
Pump Drives
• Electric engine drive
• Diesel engine drive
Installed in the site in case there is no generator in the site to work as STAND-BY in case there isno
power and there is a fire occurs.
• . • Jokey pump is used to solve the issue of small pressure drops in the fire installation before the
main fire pumps are activated; its flow rate must be min. 1 % of the flow rate of the main fire pump
and its pressure must be min. 1 bar above the pressure of the main fire pump
• Suction for the pump preferred to be before suction of the main fire pump to be isolated from the system.
Electric Fire Pump
The heart of the fire sprinkler system. It is the main Pump.
When the jockey pump started and cannot make up the release pressure and system still have
pressure drop, the main fire pump start work by a signal from the sensing line to the control
panel which start the pump.
Diesel Fire Pump
• Same purpose for the electric pump

12. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
PUMP SUCTION LINE
1. OS & Y VALVE ( Outside Screw & Yoke Valve ) OR Rising stem valve
2. Flexible connection ( OPTIONAL )
3. Eccentric reducer ( FLAT SIDE UP )
4. Suction pressure gauge
PUMP DISCHARGE LINE
1. Air release valve ( only in horizontal split case pump )
2. Discharge pressure gauge
3. Casing pressure relief valve ( automatic for Electric pump )
4. Concentric reducer
5. Check-valve or back flow preventer
6. OS & Y valve with Tamper switch
7. Main pressure relief valve ( ONLY IN DIESEL ENGINE PUMP )
8. Flow meter
BYPASS LOOP IN PUMP ROOM:-
A bypass has 2 control valves and 1 check valve. The bypass is used when water is
supplied from a city supply. A bypass is not required when water supply is from a tank. The
bypass is an automatic supply if the fire pump is out of service for any reason so that there
will still be city water available to part of the building during a fire incident. The valves on the
bypass must be in the open position. The check valve is in the bypass so that when the
jockey pump and fire pump are maintaining higher pressure in the system than the street
pressure, the water does not cycle back to the city main.
FLOW METER:-
REFER TO NFPA 20 Fire pump installation:-
ACCEPTABLE: - Elbow in the vertical plane do not cause uneven loading on a horizontal split pump.

13. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE

14. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
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FI EFIGHTING NOTE
•
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FI EFIGHTING NOTE
•
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17. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
NFPA 20 standard requires the flow meter to be connected between the butterfly valve and check valve
on the pump delivery line as shown on above Figure. [TEST LINE]

18. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
According to NFPA 20:- NFPA REQUIRED PUMP ACCESSORIES

19. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
FIRE PUMP INSTALLATION {REFER TO NFPA 20}

20. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
ELECTRIC PUMP

21. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
DIESEL PUMP

22. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
JOCKEY PUMP

23. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE

24. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
PUMP DESIGN CALCULATIONS
HP = (Q × H)/3960
H= (3960 ×HP)/Q
Where, H= TOTAL HEAD [ft]
HP= HORSE POWER
Q=FLOW RATE OR DISCHARGE [GPM]
DIESEL FUEL TANK CAPACITY CALCULATIONS
= 1 GAL/HP + 5% VOLUME FOR EXPANSION + 5% VOLUME FOR SUMP
FOR EXAMPLE: l-
IF PUMP HP=150, THEN
[1gallon/HP ×150 HP] × 1.1 = 165 gallons of fuel tank capacity
FIRE WATER TANK CALCULATIONS
WATER TANK CAPACITY [gallons] = FLOW RATE (GPM) × MIN DURATION OF
WATER SUPPLY (mins.)
Where, Min duration of water supply [for light hazards-30:60, for ordinary hazards-60:90,
for heavy hazards-90:120]
WATER TANK VOLUME [cubic meter] = GALLONS × 0.0037854cubic meter/gallon
FOR EXAMPLE: l-
Design sprinkler system flow rate= 500 gpm
For ordinary hazards, minimum duration is=60 mins.
So,
Water tank capacity= 500×60=30000 gallons
Fire water tank volume= 30000 ×0.0037854=114 cubic meter
PUMP DESCRIPTION:-
• Water flow should be at least 150 % of the designed min. flow rate.
• Dist. b/w suction side of pump to OS & Y gate valve should be within 50 ft(15.3 m)
• Pressure sensing line size ½” (15 mm)
• Dist. b/w suction strainer to suction side of pump shall be at least 10d(dia of suction
pipe)
• All wires pertaining to pump connection shall be at least 12” (305 mm) above the
floor.
FI EFIGHTING NOTE

25. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
Fire Pump Start and Stop Settings
Based on Fire pump start and stop settings from 2010 NFPA 20, A-14-2.5. Which states as follows?
Fire Pump Settings. The fire pump system, when started by pressure drop, should be arranged as
follows:
The jockey pump stop point should equal the pump churn pressure plus the minimum static
supply pressure.
The jockey pump start point should be at least 10 psi (0.68-bar) less than the jockey pump stop
point.
The fire pump start point should be 5 psi (0.34 bar) less than the jockey pump start point. Use 10-
psi (0.68-bar) increments for each additional pump. (Also note that NFPA 20, paragraph 7-5.2.5
also has a proviso for multiple pumps. The second pump must start 5-10 seconds behind the
primary pump starting to prevent water hammer.)
The final pressures should not exceed the pressure rating of the system.
Example-
start stop
Jockey 130 psi/8.96 bar 140 psi/9.65 bar
Electric fire pump 125 psi/8.61 bar Manual
Diesel fire pump 115 psi/7.92 bar Manual
Find the ideal churn pressure on the nameplate of the pump. Note this ideal pressure in the
log. Take the difference between the suction gauge reading and the discharge gauge reading to
find the churn pressure. Note the suction gauge pressure, discharge pressure and the actual
or found churn pressure in the log.
Flow switch Tamper switch
Pressure switch Pressure gauge

26. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
FIRE TANK DESIGN:-

27. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
PUMP COMPONENT :-

28. Fire fighting notes part -01 by Er. Ezaz
FI EFIGHTING NOTE
FIREFIGHTING
NOTES:-
PART-02
Sprinkler
system………