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Building Services Engineering 
by Manoj Mawle
Building Services 
Its a need for any structure to keep healthy 
environment effect on inside and outside of 
structure. 
Building services engineers are responsible for the 
design, installation, operation and monitoring of 
the mechanical, electrical and public health 
systems required for the safe, comfortable and 
environmentally friendly operation of modern 
buildings.
Type of Structures 
• Residential (Township) 
• Commercial 
• Hotel 
• Hospital 
• Airport, Railways 
• Mixed Development 
• Arenas 
• Malls 
• School, Colleges & Universities 
Building Services-Electrical 3
Necessity of Building Services 
Can you imagine a building without MEP services? 
Mechanical 
Electrical 
Public Health Services
Project Procedure 
• Understanding Project Requirement 
• Conceptual planning, Designing 
• Project Planning 
• Budgeting, Costing & Estimation 
• Contracts 
• Project Execution 
• Testing & Commissioning 
• Billing 
• Project Closure 
Building Services-Electrical 5
Specifications & Regulations 
• National Building Code (NBC-India) 
• Development Controlled Regulations (DCR-Mumbai) 
• IS Code 
• British Standard 
• National Fire Protection Association(NFPA-70) or National 
Electrical Code(NEC)-USA 
• National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA-USA) 
• Central Power Research Institute (CPRI-Bangalore) 
• Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA-Vadodara) 
Building Services-Electrical 6
Building Services-Electrical 
• Power Sub Station 
• HT Panel 
• LT Panel, MDB, DB(PDB/LDB) 
• Power & Control Cabling 
• Small Power 
• Emergency Power Supply-DG/UPS 
• Lighting system 
• Earthing System 
Building Services-Electrical 7
Extra Low Voltage Services 
• CCTV 
• Telephone 
• Fire Alarm System 
• Public Address System 
• Access Control System 
• Lighting Control System 
• Server & Data System
Type of Drawings 
• Single line diagram(SLD) 
• Schematics 
• Wiring diagram 
• Control layout 
• Section Drawing 
• Co-ordination layout
Power Sub Station 
• Load Calculations 
• Transformer Type-Dry/Oil 
• HT/LT panels 
• Cable Sizing 
• MSEB Norms 
Load 
Voltage Level Rural Municipal 
240/415V up to 100 KVA up to 187 KVA 
11/22KV 100-1500 KVA 187-1500 KVA 
22KV 1500-3000 KVA 1500-3000 KVA 
33KV 1500-5000 KVA 1500-5000 KVA 
132/220KV 5000+ KVA 5000+ KVA 
Building Services-Electrical 10
Load Calculations 
ELECTRICAL LOAD CALCULATIONS (A Type 2BHK UNIT) 
Unit load of a flat 
Type of load Per flat Qty UoM KW/Unit Unit 
Total 
Connected 
Load 
Unit 
Diversity 
factor 
Maximum 
Demand 
Unit 
Lights 9 Nos 0.06 KW 0.54 KW 66% 0.36 KW 
Ceiling / Exhaust Fans 4 Nos 0.08 KW 0.32 KW 66% 0.21 KW 
5 amp Sockets 6 Nos 0.1 KW 0.6 KW 50% 0.30 KW 
15 amp for Refrigerator 1 Nos 0.425 KW 0.425 KW 66% 0.28 KW 
6A Mixer/Iron etc 3 Nos 1 KW 3 KW 50% 1.50 KW 
Air conditioner 0 Nos 2 KW 0 KW 50% 0.00 KW 
Geysers 1 Nos 2 KW 2 KW 50% 1.00 KW 
3.65 KW 
Say 4.00 KW 
Unit load of a Block 
Number of units 60 units 
Unit load 4.00 KW 
Total Load 240 KW 
Common Loads 
Elevators 2 nos 7 KW 14 KW 
Common Lighting 1 KW 
Total Load of building 255 KW 
Considering Group 
Diversity factor 
70% 179 KW 
Considering Power 
factor 
0.85 210 KVA 
Building Services-Electrical 11
Power Flow Diagram 
HT Panel 
PDB LDB 
Distribution Xmer SMDB 
LT Panel/DG Panel MDB 
Building Services-Electrical 12 
DG Set
Transformer 
Selection of Transformer 
• Total Load 
• Dry or liquid(oil) filled 
• Indoor/Outdoor 
• Star/Delta Type( Vector Group) 
• Impedance/PF/Efficiency/Voltage Level 
• Mounting-Pole/Base
Transformer Calculations 
Transformer sizing 
Total Connected load = 185.85 kW 
Max. demand = 185.85 x 0.9(load factor) 
= 167.27 
Transformer Cap. = 167.27/(pf x eff ) 
=167.27/(0.85x0.85) 
=231.51 kVA 
Considering 85% loading of Xmer = 231.51/0.8 
=271.36 kVA 
Nearest available higher capacity 315 kVA
Diesel Generator(DG Set) 
A. Categorize into 
1. Continues load 
2. Non continues load 
3. Intermediate load 
B. Selection Consideration
Diesel Generator 
• Selection Consideration 
• Capacity Combination 
• Load pattern & DG set capacity-Overlaod 
a) 10% overload for 1hour of every 12 hours 
b) 50% overload for 15 seconds. 
Technical Comparison for DG set 
Building Services-Electrical 16
Wires 
• Wire-It’s a single conductor, could be stranded 
but not insulated between conductor 
• Wire Types- Single, Stranded, Braided 
• Wires insulation FR (Fire Retardant) 
FR-LSH ( Fire Resistant Low Smoke) 
FRZH (Fire Retardant Zero Halogen) 
Building Services-Electrical 17
Cable 
• Cable- insulated conductor, could be single, 
multiple conductor 
• Types- Power Cable- PVC/XLPE-Armoured/ 
Unarmoured 
• Twisted Pair Cable-Telephone/Network 
• Two pair/Multi pair- 
• Fiber optics- Data/Communication 
• RG cable-for CCTV 
• Co-axial Cable- TV 
Building Services-Electrical 18
Lighting 
• Type of lighting 
• Illumination 
• Lux Level 
• Types of Light fixtures 
• Lighting Control 
• Emergency Lighting 
Building Services-Electrical 19
Type of lighting 
• Natural light 
• Indoor Lighting 
• Outdoor lighting 
• Task Lighting 
• Façade lighting 
• Direct/Indirect Lighting 
Building Services-Electrical 20
Illumination 
• Illuminance is a measure of how 
much luminous flux is spread over a given 
area. One can think of luminous flux 
(measured in lumens) as a measure of the 
total "amount" of visible light present, and the 
illuminance as a measure of the intensity of 
illumination on a surface 
Building Services-Electrical 21
Lux Level 
• The lux (symbol: lx) is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous 
emittance, measuring luminous flux per unit area. It is equal 
to one lumen per square metre. 
• Lux Level 
Moonless Sky/Dark overcast night- 0.001 Lux 
Moonless clear night sky – 0.002 Lux 
Full moon – 0.27-1 Lux 
Street Light – 39 Lux (Avg) 
Living room – 250 Lux 
Office – 350-400 Lux 
Day light/Sun light – 10000-25000 Lux 
Building Services-Electrical 22
Light Fixture 
• Luminaire = Lighting fixture 
– Lamps 
– Lamp sockets 
– Ballasts 
– Reflective material 
– Lenses, refractors, louvers 
– Housing 
• Mounting- Ceiling, Recessed, Surface, Flush, 
Concealed 
Building Services-Electrical 23
Fixture Types 
• Incandescent 
• Fluorescent 
• CFL(Compact Fluorescent Light) 
• Light Emitting Diode 
• High Intensity Discharge 
Building Services-Electrical 24
Types of Lighting Controls 
– Occupancy Sensors 
– Bi-level Switching 
– Time Clock 
– Photo Sensors 
– Dimmers 
– Lighting Control Systems 
– Building Management Systems 
Building Services-Electrical 25
Color Temperature (K˚) 
• A measure of the “warmth” or “coolness” of a light source. 
– ≤ 3200K = “warm” or red side of spectrum 
– ≥ 4000K = “cool” or blue side of spectrum 
– 3500K = “neutral” 
– 5000K = “Daylight” 
Building Services-Electrical 26
Thank You 
Manoj Mawle 
manojmawle@gmail.com 
Building Services-Electrical 27

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Building Services Electrical (MEP)

  • 2. Building Services Its a need for any structure to keep healthy environment effect on inside and outside of structure. Building services engineers are responsible for the design, installation, operation and monitoring of the mechanical, electrical and public health systems required for the safe, comfortable and environmentally friendly operation of modern buildings.
  • 3. Type of Structures • Residential (Township) • Commercial • Hotel • Hospital • Airport, Railways • Mixed Development • Arenas • Malls • School, Colleges & Universities Building Services-Electrical 3
  • 4. Necessity of Building Services Can you imagine a building without MEP services? Mechanical Electrical Public Health Services
  • 5. Project Procedure • Understanding Project Requirement • Conceptual planning, Designing • Project Planning • Budgeting, Costing & Estimation • Contracts • Project Execution • Testing & Commissioning • Billing • Project Closure Building Services-Electrical 5
  • 6. Specifications & Regulations • National Building Code (NBC-India) • Development Controlled Regulations (DCR-Mumbai) • IS Code • British Standard • National Fire Protection Association(NFPA-70) or National Electrical Code(NEC)-USA • National Electrical Manufacturing Association (NEMA-USA) • Central Power Research Institute (CPRI-Bangalore) • Electrical Research and Development Association (ERDA-Vadodara) Building Services-Electrical 6
  • 7. Building Services-Electrical • Power Sub Station • HT Panel • LT Panel, MDB, DB(PDB/LDB) • Power & Control Cabling • Small Power • Emergency Power Supply-DG/UPS • Lighting system • Earthing System Building Services-Electrical 7
  • 8. Extra Low Voltage Services • CCTV • Telephone • Fire Alarm System • Public Address System • Access Control System • Lighting Control System • Server & Data System
  • 9. Type of Drawings • Single line diagram(SLD) • Schematics • Wiring diagram • Control layout • Section Drawing • Co-ordination layout
  • 10. Power Sub Station • Load Calculations • Transformer Type-Dry/Oil • HT/LT panels • Cable Sizing • MSEB Norms Load Voltage Level Rural Municipal 240/415V up to 100 KVA up to 187 KVA 11/22KV 100-1500 KVA 187-1500 KVA 22KV 1500-3000 KVA 1500-3000 KVA 33KV 1500-5000 KVA 1500-5000 KVA 132/220KV 5000+ KVA 5000+ KVA Building Services-Electrical 10
  • 11. Load Calculations ELECTRICAL LOAD CALCULATIONS (A Type 2BHK UNIT) Unit load of a flat Type of load Per flat Qty UoM KW/Unit Unit Total Connected Load Unit Diversity factor Maximum Demand Unit Lights 9 Nos 0.06 KW 0.54 KW 66% 0.36 KW Ceiling / Exhaust Fans 4 Nos 0.08 KW 0.32 KW 66% 0.21 KW 5 amp Sockets 6 Nos 0.1 KW 0.6 KW 50% 0.30 KW 15 amp for Refrigerator 1 Nos 0.425 KW 0.425 KW 66% 0.28 KW 6A Mixer/Iron etc 3 Nos 1 KW 3 KW 50% 1.50 KW Air conditioner 0 Nos 2 KW 0 KW 50% 0.00 KW Geysers 1 Nos 2 KW 2 KW 50% 1.00 KW 3.65 KW Say 4.00 KW Unit load of a Block Number of units 60 units Unit load 4.00 KW Total Load 240 KW Common Loads Elevators 2 nos 7 KW 14 KW Common Lighting 1 KW Total Load of building 255 KW Considering Group Diversity factor 70% 179 KW Considering Power factor 0.85 210 KVA Building Services-Electrical 11
  • 12. Power Flow Diagram HT Panel PDB LDB Distribution Xmer SMDB LT Panel/DG Panel MDB Building Services-Electrical 12 DG Set
  • 13. Transformer Selection of Transformer • Total Load • Dry or liquid(oil) filled • Indoor/Outdoor • Star/Delta Type( Vector Group) • Impedance/PF/Efficiency/Voltage Level • Mounting-Pole/Base
  • 14. Transformer Calculations Transformer sizing Total Connected load = 185.85 kW Max. demand = 185.85 x 0.9(load factor) = 167.27 Transformer Cap. = 167.27/(pf x eff ) =167.27/(0.85x0.85) =231.51 kVA Considering 85% loading of Xmer = 231.51/0.8 =271.36 kVA Nearest available higher capacity 315 kVA
  • 15. Diesel Generator(DG Set) A. Categorize into 1. Continues load 2. Non continues load 3. Intermediate load B. Selection Consideration
  • 16. Diesel Generator • Selection Consideration • Capacity Combination • Load pattern & DG set capacity-Overlaod a) 10% overload for 1hour of every 12 hours b) 50% overload for 15 seconds. Technical Comparison for DG set Building Services-Electrical 16
  • 17. Wires • Wire-It’s a single conductor, could be stranded but not insulated between conductor • Wire Types- Single, Stranded, Braided • Wires insulation FR (Fire Retardant) FR-LSH ( Fire Resistant Low Smoke) FRZH (Fire Retardant Zero Halogen) Building Services-Electrical 17
  • 18. Cable • Cable- insulated conductor, could be single, multiple conductor • Types- Power Cable- PVC/XLPE-Armoured/ Unarmoured • Twisted Pair Cable-Telephone/Network • Two pair/Multi pair- • Fiber optics- Data/Communication • RG cable-for CCTV • Co-axial Cable- TV Building Services-Electrical 18
  • 19. Lighting • Type of lighting • Illumination • Lux Level • Types of Light fixtures • Lighting Control • Emergency Lighting Building Services-Electrical 19
  • 20. Type of lighting • Natural light • Indoor Lighting • Outdoor lighting • Task Lighting • Façade lighting • Direct/Indirect Lighting Building Services-Electrical 20
  • 21. Illumination • Illuminance is a measure of how much luminous flux is spread over a given area. One can think of luminous flux (measured in lumens) as a measure of the total "amount" of visible light present, and the illuminance as a measure of the intensity of illumination on a surface Building Services-Electrical 21
  • 22. Lux Level • The lux (symbol: lx) is the SI unit of illuminance and luminous emittance, measuring luminous flux per unit area. It is equal to one lumen per square metre. • Lux Level Moonless Sky/Dark overcast night- 0.001 Lux Moonless clear night sky – 0.002 Lux Full moon – 0.27-1 Lux Street Light – 39 Lux (Avg) Living room – 250 Lux Office – 350-400 Lux Day light/Sun light – 10000-25000 Lux Building Services-Electrical 22
  • 23. Light Fixture • Luminaire = Lighting fixture – Lamps – Lamp sockets – Ballasts – Reflective material – Lenses, refractors, louvers – Housing • Mounting- Ceiling, Recessed, Surface, Flush, Concealed Building Services-Electrical 23
  • 24. Fixture Types • Incandescent • Fluorescent • CFL(Compact Fluorescent Light) • Light Emitting Diode • High Intensity Discharge Building Services-Electrical 24
  • 25. Types of Lighting Controls – Occupancy Sensors – Bi-level Switching – Time Clock – Photo Sensors – Dimmers – Lighting Control Systems – Building Management Systems Building Services-Electrical 25
  • 26. Color Temperature (K˚) • A measure of the “warmth” or “coolness” of a light source. – ≤ 3200K = “warm” or red side of spectrum – ≥ 4000K = “cool” or blue side of spectrum – 3500K = “neutral” – 5000K = “Daylight” Building Services-Electrical 26
  • 27. Thank You Manoj Mawle manojmawle@gmail.com Building Services-Electrical 27