infestation with or disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis
invades bile ducts of the liver after ingestion in uncooked fish and when present in large numbers causes severe systemic reactions
infestation with or disease caused by Clonorchis sinensis
invades bile ducts of the liver after ingestion in uncooked fish and when present in large numbers causes severe systemic reactions
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
Shigellosis = inflammation of intestines (especially the colon) with accompanying severe abdominal cramps, tenesmus and frequent, low-volume stools containing blood, mucus and fecal leukocytes.
Pediatric dengue management - Dr. Arunkumar, MD(Paed)Arun Kumar
A presentation on clinical management of dengue fever and severe dengue in children.
By
Dr. Arunkumar. A, MD(Pediatrics)
consultant pediatrician,
KMCH Erode.
is an upper respiratory tract bacterial infection associated with a characteristic rash, which is caused by an infection with pyrogenic exotoxin (erythrogenic toxin) -producing GAS in individuals who do not have antitoxin antibodies In the past.
scarlet fever was thought to reflect infection of an individual lacking toxin-specific immunity with a toxin-producing strain of GAS.
Subsequent studies have suggested that development of the scarlet fever rash may reflect a hypersensitivity reaction requiring prior exposure to the toxin.
Shigellosis = inflammation of intestines (especially the colon) with accompanying severe abdominal cramps, tenesmus and frequent, low-volume stools containing blood, mucus and fecal leukocytes.
Pediatric dengue management - Dr. Arunkumar, MD(Paed)Arun Kumar
A presentation on clinical management of dengue fever and severe dengue in children.
By
Dr. Arunkumar. A, MD(Pediatrics)
consultant pediatrician,
KMCH Erode.
A mosquito-borne viral disease occurring in tropical and subtropical areas.
Those who become infected with the virus a second time are at a significantly greater risk of developing severe disease.
Symptoms include high fever, headache, rash and muscle and joint pain. In severe cases there is serious bleeding and shock, which can be life threatening.
Treatment includes fluids and pain relievers. Severe cases require hospital care.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
Lung Cancer: Artificial Intelligence, Synergetics, Complex System Analysis, S...Oleg Kshivets
RESULTS: Overall life span (LS) was 2252.1±1742.5 days and cumulative 5-year survival (5YS) reached 73.2%, 10 years – 64.8%, 20 years – 42.5%. 513 LCP lived more than 5 years (LS=3124.6±1525.6 days), 148 LCP – more than 10 years (LS=5054.4±1504.1 days).199 LCP died because of LC (LS=562.7±374.5 days). 5YS of LCP after bi/lobectomies was significantly superior in comparison with LCP after pneumonectomies (78.1% vs.63.7%, P=0.00001 by log-rank test). AT significantly improved 5YS (66.3% vs. 34.8%) (P=0.00000 by log-rank test) only for LCP with N1-2. Cox modeling displayed that 5YS of LCP significantly depended on: phase transition (PT) early-invasive LC in terms of synergetics, PT N0—N12, cell ratio factors (ratio between cancer cells- CC and blood cells subpopulations), G1-3, histology, glucose, AT, blood cell circuit, prothrombin index, heparin tolerance, recalcification time (P=0.000-0.038). Neural networks, genetic algorithm selection and bootstrap simulation revealed relationships between 5YS and PT early-invasive LC (rank=1), PT N0—N12 (rank=2), thrombocytes/CC (3), erythrocytes/CC (4), eosinophils/CC (5), healthy cells/CC (6), lymphocytes/CC (7), segmented neutrophils/CC (8), stick neutrophils/CC (9), monocytes/CC (10); leucocytes/CC (11). Correct prediction of 5YS was 100% by neural networks computing (area under ROC curve=1.0; error=0.0).
CONCLUSIONS: 5YS of LCP after radical procedures significantly depended on: 1) PT early-invasive cancer; 2) PT N0--N12; 3) cell ratio factors; 4) blood cell circuit; 5) biochemical factors; 6) hemostasis system; 7) AT; 8) LC characteristics; 9) LC cell dynamics; 10) surgery type: lobectomy/pneumonectomy; 11) anthropometric data. Optimal diagnosis and treatment strategies for LC are: 1) screening and early detection of LC; 2) availability of experienced thoracic surgeons because of complexity of radical procedures; 3) aggressive en block surgery and adequate lymph node dissection for completeness; 4) precise prediction; 5) adjuvant chemoimmunoradiotherapy for LCP with unfavorable prognosis.
Title: Sense of Taste
Presenter: Dr. Faiza, Assistant Professor of Physiology
Qualifications:
MBBS (Best Graduate, AIMC Lahore)
FCPS Physiology
ICMT, CHPE, DHPE (STMU)
MPH (GC University, Faisalabad)
MBA (Virtual University of Pakistan)
Learning Objectives:
Describe the structure and function of taste buds.
Describe the relationship between the taste threshold and taste index of common substances.
Explain the chemical basis and signal transduction of taste perception for each type of primary taste sensation.
Recognize different abnormalities of taste perception and their causes.
Key Topics:
Significance of Taste Sensation:
Differentiation between pleasant and harmful food
Influence on behavior
Selection of food based on metabolic needs
Receptors of Taste:
Taste buds on the tongue
Influence of sense of smell, texture of food, and pain stimulation (e.g., by pepper)
Primary and Secondary Taste Sensations:
Primary taste sensations: Sweet, Sour, Salty, Bitter, Umami
Chemical basis and signal transduction mechanisms for each taste
Taste Threshold and Index:
Taste threshold values for Sweet (sucrose), Salty (NaCl), Sour (HCl), and Bitter (Quinine)
Taste index relationship: Inversely proportional to taste threshold
Taste Blindness:
Inability to taste certain substances, particularly thiourea compounds
Example: Phenylthiocarbamide
Structure and Function of Taste Buds:
Composition: Epithelial cells, Sustentacular/Supporting cells, Taste cells, Basal cells
Features: Taste pores, Taste hairs/microvilli, and Taste nerve fibers
Location of Taste Buds:
Found in papillae of the tongue (Fungiform, Circumvallate, Foliate)
Also present on the palate, tonsillar pillars, epiglottis, and proximal esophagus
Mechanism of Taste Stimulation:
Interaction of taste substances with receptors on microvilli
Signal transduction pathways for Umami, Sweet, Bitter, Sour, and Salty tastes
Taste Sensitivity and Adaptation:
Decrease in sensitivity with age
Rapid adaptation of taste sensation
Role of Saliva in Taste:
Dissolution of tastants to reach receptors
Washing away the stimulus
Taste Preferences and Aversions:
Mechanisms behind taste preference and aversion
Influence of receptors and neural pathways
Impact of Sensory Nerve Damage:
Degeneration of taste buds if the sensory nerve fiber is cut
Abnormalities of Taste Detection:
Conditions: Ageusia, Hypogeusia, Dysgeusia (parageusia)
Causes: Nerve damage, neurological disorders, infections, poor oral hygiene, adverse drug effects, deficiencies, aging, tobacco use, altered neurotransmitter levels
Neurotransmitters and Taste Threshold:
Effects of serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE) on taste sensitivity
Supertasters:
25% of the population with heightened sensitivity to taste, especially bitterness
Increased number of fungiform papillae
micro teaching on communication m.sc nursing.pdfAnurag Sharma
Microteaching is a unique model of practice teaching. It is a viable instrument for the. desired change in the teaching behavior or the behavior potential which, in specified types of real. classroom situations, tends to facilitate the achievement of specified types of objectives.
The prostate is an exocrine gland of the male mammalian reproductive system
It is a walnut-sized gland that forms part of the male reproductive system and is located in front of the rectum and just below the urinary bladder
Function is to store and secrete a clear, slightly alkaline fluid that constitutes 10-30% of the volume of the seminal fluid that along with the spermatozoa, constitutes semen
A healthy human prostate measures (4cm-vertical, by 3cm-horizontal, 2cm ant-post ).
It surrounds the urethra just below the urinary bladder. It has anterior, median, posterior and two lateral lobes
It’s work is regulated by androgens which are responsible for male sex characteristics
Generalised disease of the prostate due to hormonal derangement which leads to non malignant enlargement of the gland (increase in the number of epithelial cells and stromal tissue)to cause compression of the urethra leading to symptoms (LUTS
Acute scrotum is a general term referring to an emergency condition affecting the contents or the wall of the scrotum.
There are a number of conditions that present acutely, predominantly with pain and/or swelling
A careful and detailed history and examination, and in some cases, investigations allow differentiation between these diagnoses. A prompt diagnosis is essential as the patient may require urgent surgical intervention
Testicular torsion refers to twisting of the spermatic cord, causing ischaemia of the testicle.
Testicular torsion results from inadequate fixation of the testis to the tunica vaginalis producing ischemia from reduced arterial inflow and venous outflow obstruction.
The prevalence of testicular torsion in adult patients hospitalized with acute scrotal pain is approximately 25 to 50 percent
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
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ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists Saeid Safari
Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists like Ozempic and Semiglutide
ASA GUIDELINE
NYSORA Guideline
2 Case Reports of Gastric Ultrasound
Ozempic: Preoperative Management of Patients on GLP-1 Receptor Agonists
5 Hemorrhagic Fever With Renal Syndrome
1. Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome Department of Infectious Diseases Third Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University Lin Yang
2.
3. Epidemic Hemorrhagic Fever ( EHF) Suggested name by WHO in 1982: Hemorrhagic Fever with Renal Syndrome (HFRS)
4. Hantan virus ▲ Member of the family of Bunyaviridae ▲ Feature of virus Single-strand negative RNA virus Circular or oval in shape 78~210 nm in diameter Envelope proteins:glycoprotein1(G1) glycoprotein2(G2) Viral genome—RNA : L M S gene ■ Etiology
5.
6. ▲ Serologic type of Hantan virus Over twenty serologic types hantaan virus (type I, HTNV) seoul virus(type II, SEOV) puumala virus (type III,PUUV) prospect hill virus(type IV,PHV) dobrava-belgrade virus (DEOV)
7. Human HFRS : caused by four type of virus: hantaan virus (type I, HTNV) seoul virus(type II, SEOV) puumala virus (type III,PUUV) dobrava-belgrade virus(DEOV) China: Hantaan virus Seoul virus hantaan virus and DEOV show stronger pathogenecity than type II and III virus
8. ▲ Resistance of virus Low resistance: Inactivated by acid (<pH 5.0), ethanol, ether, chloroform. heat in 56 ºC for 30min or 100ºC for 1min. Be sensitive to alcohol ultraviolet rays
9. ■ Epidemiology 1. Sources of infection ▶ In our country: Apodemus agrarius Mus norvegicus Apodemus sylvaticus Citellus undulatus ▶ Laboratory Rats ▶ Other animals: cats dogs rabbits Patients:unimportant Infected field rats, house rats
16. ■ Pathogenesis Pathogenesis of HFRS is not so clear. ▲ Virus is the initiator ▲ Immune responses, humoral and cellular immune response,both involves in the pathogenesis
17. 1.Direct damage by Hantan virus Virus infection---replication in infected cells, especially in endotheliocytes of small blood vessels---damage on cells. 2. Immune-mediated damage Type III,I,II, and IV hypersensitivity reactions; CTL reaction-mediated damage; Cytokine-mediated cells damage
18. 1>Type III hypersensitivity reaction Hantan virus infection—induce specific antibodies—immune complex-activating complements-accumulation of immune complex in small blood vessels, basement of glomerulus and renal tubule--- damage
19. 2> Other hypersensitivity reaction Type I--IgE mediated damage. Type II-- linear IgG immune complex–accumulation in platelet and basement membranes of renal tubule Type IV— CD8+ cell mediated immune damage.
20. 3>.Cellular immune response: Hantan virus infection –activation of CD8 + T cells—CTL response–release lymphokines — damage 4>. Hantan virus—lymphocyte and macrophage—cytokins: such as interleukin1(IL-1), IFNr, tumor necrosis factor(TNF)—damage
47. 2>. Early stage of diuretic phase u rine volume > 2000ml/24h no marked decrease in azotemia 3>. Late stage of diuretic phase a. urine volume > 3000ml/24h in most of cases: 4000 to 8000/24h, 15000ml/24h b. azotemia improving, BUN falling down c. Secondary shock, dehydration hypokalemia, hyponatremia
48.
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61. 2. Complication in central nervous system Encephalitis and meningitis Intracrania hemorrhage and cerebral edema
62.
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66.
67.
68. ■ Differential diagnosis 1. In febrile phase with common cold, influenza, Septicemia . 2. In Hypotensive phase with other infection shock 3. P yrexia, intracrania hemorrhage and cerebral edema with meningococcal meningitis
69. 4.Oliguria and renal failure with acute nephritis 5.Pyrexia and hemorrhage with Leptospirosis 6. Marked hemorrhage with: thrombocytopenic purpura, gastrointestinal bleeding caused by gastric ulcer .
74. 2. Treatment in febrile phase Principle of treatment a>.Anti-virus therapy b>.Reduce exudation of plasma c>.Reduce intoxicating symptoms d>.Preventing from DIC
75. 1 >.Anti-viral therapy: important giving anti-virus drug in early stage. (Ribavirin(virazole) 1.0g iv drip with 10%GS qd for 3-5 days 2>.Reduce permeability of small vessel and exudation Lutin and Vitamin C
76.
77. 4>.Prevention from DIC a>. Reduce the blood viscosity Danshen solution, Dextran 40 b>. anti-coagulation therapy Heparin should be given once the CT is less than 3 min or APTT less than 34 seconds.
78. 3.Treatment in Hypotensive phase Principle of treatment: ► Supplement blood volume ► Correct acidosis 1>.Supplement blood volume A.Principle: early rapidly adequate
79. 1>.Supplement blood volume A.Principle: early rapidly adequate B:kinds of fluids: Crystalloid fluids and Colloid fluids containing suitable glucose, electrolytes and vitamins: Ringer’s Solution Normal saline solution Dextran, 20% Mannitol Plasma, albumin, Artificial plasma.
80. 2>Correct metabolic acidosis 5% sodium bicarbonate solution. The amount calculated according to CO 2 CP value. 3>.Blood vessel activating drugs for hypotension and shock: aramine, dopamine, 654-2
81. 4>.Corticosteroids Reduce severe toxemia, Reduce permeation of small vessel Improving microcirculation of tissue. 10~20mg of Dexamethason is given by intravenous drip.
82. 4.Treatment in oliguric phase Principle of treatment : ► Balance intra-environment ► Diuretic therapy ► Catharsis therapy for preventing from hypervolemia ► Dialysis therapy
83. 1>.Balance intra-environment a>.Correct imbalance of fluid electrolytes, acid- base Closely observe and record urine volume. Examine blood biochemical parameter and renal function adjusting amount of fluid and electrolytes
84. b>. Reducing protein degradation and control of azotemia. Food containing high vitamins high carbohydrate, low protein. For the serious patient : Supplement glucose 200~300g every day by intravenous drip 20-25% GS with insulin.
85. 2>.Diuretic for oliguria 20%Mannitol solution. lasix (furosemide) 3>Catharsis therapy for hypervolemia inducing diarrhea to take out fluids by intestinal. 50% Magnesium Sulfate solution 20%Mannitol solution
86. Reducing blood volume therapy For hypervolemia with cardiac failure and pulmonary edema, taking out 300ml ~400ml blood may be useful. used rare now
87.
88.
89. 5 . Treatment in Diuretic phase a. Keeping balance of fluid and electrolytes. b.Preventing and treatment secondary infection: antibiotics
90. 6.Convalescent phase a:Supplement nutrition food. b:Examination renal function, blood pressure, pituitary function at regular interval.
91. 7.Complications treatment 1>. Hemostatics therapy for heavy bleeding such as gastrointestinal hemorrhage treatment of DIC: according to different phase of DIC, giving EACA, protamine ,respectively.
92. 2>.Treatment ARDS a: Control of amount of intravenous infusion. b: Giving oxygen, or mechanical ventilation: positive end expiratory pressure. c.Corticosteroids: 20 to 30mg of dexamethasone d. Cedilanid for cardiac failure.
93. 3>.Treatment of central nervous system complications a> Diazepam for tics b>.Cerebral edema and high intracranial pressure: 20% of mannitol or/and lasix dripped intravenously.
94. 4>. Prevention and treatment of secondary infections: Antibiotics 5>. Spontaneous rupture of the kidneys Surgery therapy