Wireless systems have evolved through 5 generations (1G to 5G). 1G introduced analog cellular networks while 2G brought digital networks and SMS. 2.5G and 2.75G enhanced 2G with packet-switching. 3G enabled broadband Internet access while 4G provides high-speed data for multimedia apps. 5G is emerging to offer multi-Gbps speeds for new applications with low latency and high capacity to connect hundreds of thousands of devices simultaneously. Wireless technologies continue to advance and transform various industries and applications.

2. Wireless Systems
Mahin Ahmed(B13101048)
Saqib Ahmed(B13101121)
Syed Muhammad Bilal Imam(B13101148)
By

3. Agenda
 Introduction
 1G
 2G
 2.5G & 2.75G
 3G
 4G
 5G
 Applications
 Services
 Conclusion

4. Introduction
What is Wireless ?
 Wireless is a term used to describe telecommunications in which electromagnetic waves carry the
signal over part or all of the communication path.
 In networking terminology , wireless is the term used to describe any computer network where
there is no physical wired connection between sender and receiver.
 Examples of wireless networks include cell phone networks, Wi-Fi local networks and terrestrial
microwave networks.

5. 1G – History ,Feature & Drawbacks
 The first commercially automated cellular network(1G or 1st Generation) was Launched in Japan(metropolitan
area of Tokyo) by Nippon Telegraph and Telephone (NTT) in 1979.
In 1981, the Nordic Mobile Telephone (NMT) system simultaneously in Denmark, Finland, Norway and Sweden.
In 1983, the first 1G network launched in the USA was Chicago-based Ameritech using the
Motorola DynaTAC mobile phone.
FEATURES DRAWBACKS
It's Speed was up to 2.4kbps. Poor Voice Quality .
It allows the voice calls in 1 country. Poor Battery Life .
1G network use Analog Signal. Large Phone Size.
AMPS was first launched in USA in 1G mobile systems. No Security.
Limited Capacity.
Poor Handoff Reliability.

6. 2G – History ,Features & Drawbacks
 2G is short for second-generation (Wireless Telephone Technology).
 2G or Second generation cellular telecom networks were commercially launched on the GSM standard in Finland in 1991.
 2G introduced data services for mobile, starting with SMS text messages.
FEATURES DRAWBACKS
In 2G Narrow Bands Wireless Digital Network is used. Weaker digital signal.
In 2G the roaming facility semi-global facility is available. Angular decay curve.
It enables services such as text messages, Picture messages Reduced range of sound.
and MMS.
It provides better quality and capacity . Unable to handle complex data such as videos etc.

7. 2.5G & 2.75G – History
2.5G
2.5G, which stands for "second and a half generation," is a cellular wireless technology
developed in between its predecessor, 2G, and its successor, 3G.
2.5G" is an informal term, invented solely for marketing purposes, unlike "2G" or
"3G" which are officially defined standards by ITU.
The term "2.5G" usually describes a 2G cellular system combined with General Packet
Radio Services (GPRS).
2.75G
2.75G is a term occasionally used to refer to EDGE data connectivity.
It is faster than GPRS (sometimes called 2.5G).
It is slower than typical 3G networks.
EDGE is an official ITU ratified 3G technology.
Typical EDGE implementations generally do not obtain 3G data rates.

8. 3G – History ,Features & Drawbacks
 3G Technology refers to Third Generation which was introduced in year 2000s.
 Data Transmission speed increased from 144kbps-2Mbps.
 Typically called Smart Phones and features increased its bandwidth and data transfer rates.
FEATURES DRAWBACKS
Providing Faster Communication. Expensive fees for 3G Licenses Services.
Send/Receive Large Email Message. It was challenge to build the infrastructure for 3G.
Streaming/ Mobile TV/ Phone Calls. High Bandwidth Requirement.
High Speed Web/ More Security/ Video Conferencing/ 3D Gaming. Expensive 3G Phones.
TV Large Capacities and Broadband Capabilities.

9. 4G – History ,Features & Drawbacks
 4G or Fourth Generation, is the generation of Mobile Telecommunications technology, succeeding 3G.
 The next generations of wireless technology that promises higher data rates and expanded multimedia services.
 One of the basic term used to describe 4G is MAGIC.
 M= Mobile Multimedia
 A= Anytime Anywhere
 G= Global Mobility Support
 I = Integrated Wireless Solution
 C= Customized Personal Services
FEATURES DRAWBACKS
More Security. Battery uses is more.
High Speed. Hard to implement.
High Capacity. Need complicated hardware.
Low Cost Per-bit etc. Expensive equipment required to implement next generation network.
Combination of Wi-Fi and Wi-Max.

10. 5G – History & Features
 5G or 5th Generation Wireless Systems denotes the next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards.
 It is beyond the current 4G/IMT-Advanced standards. 5G has speeds beyond what the current 4G can offer.
 The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance feels that 5G should be rolled out by 2020 to meet business and consumer demands.
FEATURES
 High Speed, High Capacity
 5G technology providing large broadcasting of data in Gbps.
 Multi - Media Newspapers, watch T.V programs with the clarity as to that of an HD Quality.
 Faster data transmission that of the previous generations.
 Large Phone Memory, Dialing Speed, clarity in Audio/Video.
 5G is More Effective and More Attractive.

11. 5G – Requirements by MNA
The Next Generation Mobile Networks Alliance requirements for 5G:
 Data rates of several tens of Mbps for Ten Thousands of Users.
 1 Gbps to be offered simultaneously.
 Several hundreds of thousands of simultaneous connections to be supported.
 Spectral efficiency should be significantly enhanced compared to 4G.
 Coverage should be improved.
 Signaling efficiency should be enhanced.
 Latency should be reduced significantly compared to LTE.

12. Application
 Wireless applications are those which we use free space as the transmission medium & do not involve
cabling like fibre or Copper Cables.

13. Services
Wireless solution for :
 Business and Industry.
 Schools , Colleges.
 Doctors , Pilots.
 Police and Vehicles etc.

14. Conclusion
 Wireless technology will play a vital role in many applications areas that are not possible is the past wireless underwater
communication would be one of them.
 The main challenges related to secure time synchronization, localization and routing have been surveyed.
 The use of wireless technology may prove to be a very useful means of saving the lives of many development countries.