This is the slides for the 4G technology which will improve the basic knowledge of beginner and also useful for the engineering student on the basis for seminar. It's main benefit is the format which is standard one.
Mobile Communication has been developed rapidly since last few decades. The growth of the wireless broadband technologies in the modern years was the answer of increasing demand for mobile Internet and wireless multimedia application such as live TV, live Movies, video conferencing etc. Mobile communication plays a vital role in telecommunication industry. During a common wide area radio access technology and supple network architecture WiMAX and LTE has facilitate convergence of mobile and fixed broadband network S. Atchaya | S. Selvanayaki | S. Deepika"4G Wireless Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10712.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/10712/4g-wireless-technology/s-atchaya
Customer needs more from the innovation. The innovation which are use resemble TV, Clothes washer, cooler, Mobile Phones. The most needed element of web is acceptable execution and quicker access. The Cellular Subscriber pay extra for the moment include and the entrance of web on their telephones. To help such ground breaking framework we need fast remote network. A remote innovation is bow quick nowadays. An as of late wired system was expected to get on the web. These days, Mobile systems are progressed in last four decades. The cell idea which was present with 1G where G represents age organize. It has increments quicker from age to age, which are 1G,2G,3G, lastly come to 4G. Pradnya Pramod Mohite "5G System-Trends & Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30411.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/30411/5g-systemtrends-and-development/pradnya-pramod-mohite
Mobile Communication has been developed rapidly since last few decades. The growth of the wireless broadband technologies in the modern years was the answer of increasing demand for mobile Internet and wireless multimedia application such as live TV, live Movies, video conferencing etc. Mobile communication plays a vital role in telecommunication industry. During a common wide area radio access technology and supple network architecture WiMAX and LTE has facilitate convergence of mobile and fixed broadband network S. Atchaya | S. Selvanayaki | S. Deepika"4G Wireless Technology" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-2 | Issue-2 , February 2018, URL: http://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd10712.pdf http://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/10712/4g-wireless-technology/s-atchaya
Customer needs more from the innovation. The innovation which are use resemble TV, Clothes washer, cooler, Mobile Phones. The most needed element of web is acceptable execution and quicker access. The Cellular Subscriber pay extra for the moment include and the entrance of web on their telephones. To help such ground breaking framework we need fast remote network. A remote innovation is bow quick nowadays. An as of late wired system was expected to get on the web. These days, Mobile systems are progressed in last four decades. The cell idea which was present with 1G where G represents age organize. It has increments quicker from age to age, which are 1G,2G,3G, lastly come to 4G. Pradnya Pramod Mohite "5G System-Trends & Development" Published in International Journal of Trend in Scientific Research and Development (ijtsrd), ISSN: 2456-6470, Volume-4 | Issue-3 , April 2020, URL: https://www.ijtsrd.com/papers/ijtsrd30411.pdf Paper Url :https://www.ijtsrd.com/computer-science/computer-network/30411/5g-systemtrends-and-development/pradnya-pramod-mohite
Migration from 4G to 5G: A Complete synopsis guide on 4G to 5G migration.Utkarsh Jaiswal
Migration from 4G to 5G: A Complete synopsis guide on 4G to 5G migration. This guide has step by step process to build your synopsis on 4G to 5G migration
An Overview of 5G Wireless Cellular TechnologiesEditor IJCATR
5G technology stands for fifth Generation Mobile technology. From generation 1G to 2G and from 3G to 5G this
world has revolutionized by improvements of wireless network. This revolution brought up some drastic changes in our social
life .This paper also focuses on all preceding generations of mobile communication along with fifth generation technology. Fifth
generation network provide cost-effective broadband wireless connectivity (very high speed), which will be probably 1gigbit per
second Speed. The paper throws light on network architecture of fifth generation technology. Currently 5G term is not
officially used. Fifth generation negotiate on (Voice over IP) VOIP-enabled devices that user will get a high level of call volume
and data transmission. Fifth generation technology will be done all the requirements of customers who always want advanced
features in cellular phones. The main features in 5G mobile network is that user connect to the multiple wireless technologies at
the same time and can switch between them. This forthcoming mobile technology will support IPv6 and flat IP. Fifth generation
technology will offer the services like Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc. Index
Terms— 5G, 5G Architecture, Evolution from 1G to 5G, Comparison of all Generations.
With all the potential that it holds, there is little doubt that 5G will be a game changer. Nevertheless, the business case for mobile operators remains difficult: huge spectrum and infrastructure capital investments are required and compelling economic models for monetisation are yet to be fully developed
This is a report on 5 G mobile technology for B.Tech students for their seminar this is a new topic so it is very useful for B.Tech computer science students
The
creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobile marketplace will launch a new
revolution in the way international cellular plans are offered. The global mobile
phone is upon the cell phone market. Just around the corner, the newest 5G
technologies will hit the mobile market with phones used in China being able to
access and call locally phones in Germany.
HOW TO CHOOSE BETWEEN LTE-M AND
NB-IOT FOR GLOBAL DEPLOYMENTS. LTE-M AND NB-IOT TECHNOLOGIES - INCREASED
BATTERY LIFE, ENHANCED COVERAGE AND SIMPLIFIED
HARDWARE
Migration from 4G to 5G: A Complete synopsis guide on 4G to 5G migration.Utkarsh Jaiswal
Migration from 4G to 5G: A Complete synopsis guide on 4G to 5G migration. This guide has step by step process to build your synopsis on 4G to 5G migration
An Overview of 5G Wireless Cellular TechnologiesEditor IJCATR
5G technology stands for fifth Generation Mobile technology. From generation 1G to 2G and from 3G to 5G this
world has revolutionized by improvements of wireless network. This revolution brought up some drastic changes in our social
life .This paper also focuses on all preceding generations of mobile communication along with fifth generation technology. Fifth
generation network provide cost-effective broadband wireless connectivity (very high speed), which will be probably 1gigbit per
second Speed. The paper throws light on network architecture of fifth generation technology. Currently 5G term is not
officially used. Fifth generation negotiate on (Voice over IP) VOIP-enabled devices that user will get a high level of call volume
and data transmission. Fifth generation technology will be done all the requirements of customers who always want advanced
features in cellular phones. The main features in 5G mobile network is that user connect to the multiple wireless technologies at
the same time and can switch between them. This forthcoming mobile technology will support IPv6 and flat IP. Fifth generation
technology will offer the services like Documentation, supporting electronic transactions (e-Payments, e-transactions) etc. Index
Terms— 5G, 5G Architecture, Evolution from 1G to 5G, Comparison of all Generations.
With all the potential that it holds, there is little doubt that 5G will be a game changer. Nevertheless, the business case for mobile operators remains difficult: huge spectrum and infrastructure capital investments are required and compelling economic models for monetisation are yet to be fully developed
This is a report on 5 G mobile technology for B.Tech students for their seminar this is a new topic so it is very useful for B.Tech computer science students
The
creation and entry of 5G technology into the mobile marketplace will launch a new
revolution in the way international cellular plans are offered. The global mobile
phone is upon the cell phone market. Just around the corner, the newest 5G
technologies will hit the mobile market with phones used in China being able to
access and call locally phones in Germany.
HOW TO CHOOSE BETWEEN LTE-M AND
NB-IOT FOR GLOBAL DEPLOYMENTS. LTE-M AND NB-IOT TECHNOLOGIES - INCREASED
BATTERY LIFE, ENHANCED COVERAGE AND SIMPLIFIED
HARDWARE
GSM BASED PREPAID ENERGY METER BILLING VIA SMSSRINIVAS REDDY
The project is designed for reading electrical energy consumed in units and in rupees to display on an LCD screen to the user. This data is also provided to the electrical department using GSM technology for billing purposes. Owing to high electricity cost these days it becomes necessary for the consumer to know as to how much electricity is consumed to control electricity bill within his budget by recharging the energy meter units via S.M.S .
Finally when the energy meter coming to zero user can again recharge according to the purpose used. In this proposed system, the consumer will get his energy consumption data on real time basis on a LCD display. The same data is sent through GSM modem to the electricity department via SMS. A microcontroller of 8051 family is interfaced to the energy meter to get the Watt Hour pulses.
Further this project can be enhanced by to control the electrical appliances remotely via SMS. Also, the electricity department can send the monthly bill amount over SMS to the receiving unit for consumer information.
Now-a-days the goal of many customers is to have PC at one’s palm.
To support powerful systems we need long range, high speed wireless network called 4G.
It includes several types of broadband wireless communication system access including cellular telephone system.
4G networks are projected to provide speeds of 100 Mbps while moving and 1 Gbps while stationary
5G Technology stands for the 5th Generation Mobile technology. 5G is a next major phase of mobile telecommunications standards beyond the 4G standards. 5G is expected to provide speed upto 10Gbit/s, wider frequency band,
high increased peak bit rate, high system spectral efficiency, ubiquitous connectivity and a significant increase in QoS as
compared to current 4G technology. Evolution of mobile communication technology to 5G is discussed in this review, followed by protocol stack and 5G architecture. A wide comparison is given between the various generations so as to compare why 5G technology is better and needed.
The 4G technology is nothing less than ground breaking. The advancements that have been made from 3G to 4G alone are mind blowing. With the data processing speed being increased to at least 100 Mbit/sec the possibilities are limitless in the wireless communication world. The 4G technology has a great present and future scope and worth. It makes the average person really think about what is possible with wireless communication? If there ever is a 5G network, how powerful will it be and what will it possibly be able to do that the 4G doesn’t already do?
5G is the short for fifth generation, a mobile broadband technology that is in the early stages of works and likely to be in place six to seven years from now.
A 5G network will be able to handle 10,000 times more call and data traffic than the current 3G or 4G network.
Data download speeds on 5G networks are likely to be several hundred times more than 4G.
5G mobile technology will change the means to use cell phones within very high bandwidth.
5 G SYSTEMS IS THE FUTURE WILL BE FAST WITH UNIMAGINABLE SPEED AND WITH LOTS OF SERVICES.Though 5G is still in development stage it has lots of promising features that will definitely change our future. For this data hungry and speed loving generation 5G will definitely be the hottest technology and it will certainly make our future really exciting. In this article we will see how the mobile networks have evolved and what will be the future of mobile network and of course about 5G network.
TeliaSonera was the first operator in the world to commercially launch 4G. It was in late 2009, in the city centres of Stockholm and Oslo. 4G is the short term for fourth-generation wireless. It is still a research lab standard , the stage of broadband mobile communications that will supersede the third generation (3G). It is expected that end-to-end IP and high-quality streaming video will be among 4G's distinguishing features.
A 4G system will be able to provide a comprehensive IP solution where voice , data and streamed multimedia can be given to the users on “ Anytime Anywhere ” basis and higher data rates than the previous generations.
It will be a fully IP based integrated system capable of providing between 100 Mbps to 1 Gbps in both indoor and outdoor with premium quality and high security.
It is going to be launched in the year 2010.
This is a short presentation on 5G technology with images and GIFs. The contents include components of 5g, How is 5g used and is 5g Available in my city.
CFD Simulation of By-pass Flow in a HRSG module by R&R Consult.pptxR&R Consult
CFD analysis is incredibly effective at solving mysteries and improving the performance of complex systems!
Here's a great example: At a large natural gas-fired power plant, where they use waste heat to generate steam and energy, they were puzzled that their boiler wasn't producing as much steam as expected.
R&R and Tetra Engineering Group Inc. were asked to solve the issue with reduced steam production.
An inspection had shown that a significant amount of hot flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes, where the heat was supposed to be transferred.
R&R Consult conducted a CFD analysis, which revealed that 6.3% of the flue gas was bypassing the boiler tubes without transferring heat. The analysis also showed that the flue gas was instead being directed along the sides of the boiler and between the modules that were supposed to capture the heat. This was the cause of the reduced performance.
Based on our results, Tetra Engineering installed covering plates to reduce the bypass flow. This improved the boiler's performance and increased electricity production.
It is always satisfying when we can help solve complex challenges like this. Do your systems also need a check-up or optimization? Give us a call!
Work done in cooperation with James Malloy and David Moelling from Tetra Engineering.
More examples of our work https://www.r-r-consult.dk/en/cases-en/
Hierarchical Digital Twin of a Naval Power SystemKerry Sado
A hierarchical digital twin of a Naval DC power system has been developed and experimentally verified. Similar to other state-of-the-art digital twins, this technology creates a digital replica of the physical system executed in real-time or faster, which can modify hardware controls. However, its advantage stems from distributing computational efforts by utilizing a hierarchical structure composed of lower-level digital twin blocks and a higher-level system digital twin. Each digital twin block is associated with a physical subsystem of the hardware and communicates with a singular system digital twin, which creates a system-level response. By extracting information from each level of the hierarchy, power system controls of the hardware were reconfigured autonomously. This hierarchical digital twin development offers several advantages over other digital twins, particularly in the field of naval power systems. The hierarchical structure allows for greater computational efficiency and scalability while the ability to autonomously reconfigure hardware controls offers increased flexibility and responsiveness. The hierarchical decomposition and models utilized were well aligned with the physical twin, as indicated by the maximum deviations between the developed digital twin hierarchy and the hardware.
Explore the innovative world of trenchless pipe repair with our comprehensive guide, "The Benefits and Techniques of Trenchless Pipe Repair." This document delves into the modern methods of repairing underground pipes without the need for extensive excavation, highlighting the numerous advantages and the latest techniques used in the industry.
Learn about the cost savings, reduced environmental impact, and minimal disruption associated with trenchless technology. Discover detailed explanations of popular techniques such as pipe bursting, cured-in-place pipe (CIPP) lining, and directional drilling. Understand how these methods can be applied to various types of infrastructure, from residential plumbing to large-scale municipal systems.
Ideal for homeowners, contractors, engineers, and anyone interested in modern plumbing solutions, this guide provides valuable insights into why trenchless pipe repair is becoming the preferred choice for pipe rehabilitation. Stay informed about the latest advancements and best practices in the field.
Welcome to WIPAC Monthly the magazine brought to you by the LinkedIn Group Water Industry Process Automation & Control.
In this month's edition, along with this month's industry news to celebrate the 13 years since the group was created we have articles including
A case study of the used of Advanced Process Control at the Wastewater Treatment works at Lleida in Spain
A look back on an article on smart wastewater networks in order to see how the industry has measured up in the interim around the adoption of Digital Transformation in the Water Industry.
Sachpazis:Terzaghi Bearing Capacity Estimation in simple terms with Calculati...Dr.Costas Sachpazis
Terzaghi's soil bearing capacity theory, developed by Karl Terzaghi, is a fundamental principle in geotechnical engineering used to determine the bearing capacity of shallow foundations. This theory provides a method to calculate the ultimate bearing capacity of soil, which is the maximum load per unit area that the soil can support without undergoing shear failure. The Calculation HTML Code included.
Saudi Arabia stands as a titan in the global energy landscape, renowned for its abundant oil and gas resources. It's the largest exporter of petroleum and holds some of the world's most significant reserves. Let's delve into the top 10 oil and gas projects shaping Saudi Arabia's energy future in 2024.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
2. Introduction
What is Forth Generation?
Why 4-G Technology
3-G Technology Vs. 4-G Technology
Advantages of 4-G Technology
Disadvantages of 4-G Technology
Application of 4-G Technology
India Vs. US in 4-G Technology
Future Prospects
Challenges
Conclusion
3. 4G, short for fourth generation, is the fourth generation of mobile telecomm-
unications technology succeeding 3G. A 4G system, in addition to usual voice and
other services of 3G system, provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access, for
example to laptops with USB wireless modems, to smart phones, and to other mob-
ile devices. Even though 4G is a successor technology of 3G, there can be signific-
ation issues on 3G network to upgrade to 4G as many of them were not built on
forward compatibility. Conceivable applications include amended mobile web acces-
s, IP telephony, gaming services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D
television, and cloud computing. 3 technologies launched till now.
1-G
Technology
(1980)
2-G
Technology
(1990)
3-G
Technology
(2000)
4-G
Technology
4. 3-G Technology
Wireless Internet
Video Calling
Mobile TV
High Bandwidth requirement
High spectrum licensing fees
Huge capital
2-G Technology
SMS, MMS
CDMA, GPRS, EDGE
Voice Mail
The GSM enabled system do not support high data rates.
They are unable to handle complex data such as video.
1-G Technology
Speech
It uses analog signals rather than digital signals.
It is significantly slower.
Signals cannot reach as far in term of secluded areas
This is a less effective means of transmitting information.
5. 4G is the fourth generation of mobile telecommunications technology succe-
eding 3G. A 4G system, in addition to usual voice and other services of 3G system,
provides mobile ultra-broadband Internet access, for example to laptops with SB
wireless modems, to smart phones, and to other mobile devices Even though 4G is
a successor technology of 3G, there can be signification issues on 3G network to
upgrade to 4G as many of them were not built on forward compatibility. Conceivable
applications include amended mobile we-b access, IP telephony, gaming
services, high-definition mobile TV, video conferencing, 3D television, and cloud
computing.
Two 4G candidate systems are commercially deployed: the Mobile WiMA-
X standard (first used in South Korea in 2006), and the first-release Long Te-rm
Evolution (LTE) standard (in Oslo, Norway and Stockholm, Sweden since 2009). It
has however been debated if these first-release versions should be considered to
be 4G or not, as discussed in the technical definition section below.
6. The basic difference 3G and 4G is in data transfer and signal quality.
The highest download and upload speed in 3G and 14 Mbps and 5.8 Mbps
respectively.
Technology 3G 4G
Data Transfer Rate 3.1MB/sec 100MB/sec
Internet services Broadband Ultra Broadband
Mobile-TV Resolution Low High
Bandwidth 5-0 MHz 100+MHz
Frequency 1.6-2GHz 2-8GHz
Network Architecture Wide Area Network Hybrid Network
7. Affordable communication services.
High speed, high capacity and low cost per bit.
Support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet and other
broadband services.
Global access, services portability and scalable mobile services and variety
of quality of services provided.
Better spectral efficiency.
Seamless network of multiple protocol and air interfaces.
support for interactive multimedia, voice, streaming video, Internet, and other
b--roadband services.
IP based mobile system-High speed, high capacity, and low cost per bit.
Global access, service portability, and scalable mobile services.
Seamless switching and a variety of Quality.
Better spectral efficiency, service driven services.
Better scheduling and call admission control techniques
8. Battery usage is more.
Hard to implement.
Need complicated hardware.
The equipment required to implement a next generation network is still very expe-
nsive.
Carrier and provider have to plan carefully to make sure that expenses are kept
realistic.
9. Better uses of Multimedia Applications.
Virtual Presence: 4-G system gives mobile user a “virtual presence” (for exampl-
e, always on connections to keep people on event). Video conferencing.
Virtual navigation: a remote database contain the graphical representation of st-
reets, buildings, and physical characteristics of a large metropolis. Block of this dat-
abase are transmitted in rapid sequence to a vehicle.
Tele-geo-processing: Queries dependent on location information of several user
, in addition to temporal aspects have many applications. e.g., GIS, GPS.
4G in normal life.
• Traffic control.
• Mobile phones.
• Sensor on public vehicles.
10. India
United State
Has already begun the process of introducing 4G technolo-
gy.
It is felt that by the time the implement 3G fully, 4G technolo-
gies such as LTE will be available commercially.
It has taken three years for the government to decide on 3G
spectrum auction policy.
4G could face the same delay unless India wants to catch up
with the rest of the world.
Sprint has deployed Mobile WiMAX networks since 2008, and Metr-
o PCS was the first operator to offer LTE service in 2010.
USB wireless modems have been available since the start, while
WiMAX smart phones have been available since 2010, an-d LTE
smart phones since 2011.
Equipment made for different continents is not always compatible,
because of different frequency bands. Mobile WiMAX is curre-ntly
(April 2012) not available for the European market.
11. Future prospects is forth coming 5-G technology.
5-G technology is providing large broadcasting of data in Gigabit which supports al-
most 65,000 connections.
5-G technology would provide better use of available bandwidth.
5-G Technology based on beam division multiple access and relay group corporation.
12. Integrating all the promised services is a challenge.
Challenge in migration to 4-G.
High data-rate services and low per bit transmission cost.
Meet the demand of the diverse users.
The design of intelligent mobility management technique that take advantage of
IP-based technologies to achieve global roaming among various access
technologies.
Managing Channel quality.
13. 4G can be best described in one word “MAGIC”, which stands for:
Mobile multimedia
Anytime Anywhere
Global mobility support,
Integrated wireless and personalized services.
Through 4G is facing challenges and problems we believed that future research
will overcome these challenges and integrate newly developed services to 4-G net-
works making them available to everyone, anytime and everywhere.