The skeletal system document describes the structure and functions of bones and the skeletal system. It discusses how bones provide support, protection, allow for movement, store minerals, and help form blood cells. It also outlines common bone diseases like arthritis, osteoporosis, fractures, and cancers that affect the skeletal system.
The musculoskeletal system Anatomy and physiologykajal chandel
The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and muscles, which form a framework for the body. Tendons, ligaments and fibrous tissue bind the structures together to create stability, with ligaments connecting bone to bone, and tendons connecting muscle to bone.
The musculoskeletal system Anatomy and physiologykajal chandel
The musculoskeletal system is made up of bones, cartilage, ligaments, tendons and muscles, which form a framework for the body. Tendons, ligaments and fibrous tissue bind the structures together to create stability, with ligaments connecting bone to bone, and tendons connecting muscle to bone.
BONE – AN INTRODUCTION
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
There are around 270 to 300+ bones in Infants which gets reduced to 206 bones in adults.
Bones are dynamic structures that are undergoing constant change and remodelling in
response to the ever-changing environment.
Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells,
store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.
It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.
The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in
the middle ear.
The Musculoskeletal System under the Unit HUMAN BODY
~now active with hyperlinks.
Please note that this presentation will be more appreciated if your computer is under Microsoft 2013. Kindly consider the compatibility for more convenient and pleasing slides.
BONE – AN INTRODUCTION
A bone is a rigid organ that constitutes part of the vertebrate skeleton.
There are around 270 to 300+ bones in Infants which gets reduced to 206 bones in adults.
Bones are dynamic structures that are undergoing constant change and remodelling in
response to the ever-changing environment.
Bones support and protect the various organs of the body, produce red and white blood cells,
store minerals, provide structure and support for the body, and enable mobility.
It has a honeycomb-like matrix internally, which helps to give the bone rigidity.
The largest bone in the body is the femur or thigh-bone, and the smallest is the stapes in
the middle ear.
The Musculoskeletal System under the Unit HUMAN BODY
~now active with hyperlinks.
Please note that this presentation will be more appreciated if your computer is under Microsoft 2013. Kindly consider the compatibility for more convenient and pleasing slides.
This presentation simplifies the understanding of Bones, different disorders related to bones, its prevention and care. It also explains the Must have diet and must avoid food.
Fracture regarding information and also useful in nursing in that types of fracture included and also include treatment regarding fracture , nursing care plan...commonly fracture is more so its very useful for study.....
Report Back from SGO 2024: What’s the Latest in Cervical Cancer?bkling
Are you curious about what’s new in cervical cancer research or unsure what the findings mean? Join Dr. Emily Ko, a gynecologic oncologist at Penn Medicine, to learn about the latest updates from the Society of Gynecologic Oncology (SGO) 2024 Annual Meeting on Women’s Cancer. Dr. Ko will discuss what the research presented at the conference means for you and answer your questions about the new developments.
These lecture slides, by Dr Sidra Arshad, offer a quick overview of physiological basis of a normal electrocardiogram.
Learning objectives:
1. Define an electrocardiogram (ECG) and electrocardiography
2. Describe how dipoles generated by the heart produce the waveforms of the ECG
3. Describe the components of a normal electrocardiogram of a typical bipolar leads (limb II)
4. Differentiate between intervals and segments
5. Enlist some common indications for obtaining an ECG
Study Resources:
1. Chapter 11, Guyton and Hall Textbook of Medical Physiology, 14th edition
2. Chapter 9, Human Physiology - From Cells to Systems, Lauralee Sherwood, 9th edition
3. Chapter 29, Ganong’s Review of Medical Physiology, 26th edition
4. Electrocardiogram, StatPearls - https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK549803/
5. ECG in Medical Practice by ABM Abdullah, 4th edition
6. ECG Basics, http://www.nataliescasebook.com/tag/e-c-g-basics
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,sisternakatoto
263778731218 Abortion Clinic /Pills In Harare ,ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group ABORTION WOMEN’S CLINIC +27730423979 IN women clinic we believe that every woman should be able to make choices in her pregnancy. Our job is to provide compassionate care, safety,affordable and confidential services. That’s why we have won the trust from all generations of women all over the world. we use non surgical method(Abortion pills) to terminate…Dr.LISA +27730423979women Clinic is committed to providing the highest quality of obstetrical and gynecological care to women of all ages. Our dedicated staff aim to treat each patient and her health concerns with compassion and respect.Our dedicated group of receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a teamof receptionists, nurses, and physicians have worked together as a team wwww.lisywomensclinic.co.za/
Tom Selleck Health: A Comprehensive Look at the Iconic Actor’s Wellness Journeygreendigital
Tom Selleck, an enduring figure in Hollywood. has captivated audiences for decades with his rugged charm, iconic moustache. and memorable roles in television and film. From his breakout role as Thomas Magnum in Magnum P.I. to his current portrayal of Frank Reagan in Blue Bloods. Selleck's career has spanned over 50 years. But beyond his professional achievements. fans have often been curious about Tom Selleck Health. especially as he has aged in the public eye.
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Introduction
Many have been interested in Tom Selleck health. not only because of his enduring presence on screen but also because of the challenges. and lifestyle choices he has faced and made over the years. This article delves into the various aspects of Tom Selleck health. exploring his fitness regimen, diet, mental health. and the challenges he has encountered as he ages. We'll look at how he maintains his well-being. the health issues he has faced, and his approach to ageing .
Early Life and Career
Childhood and Athletic Beginnings
Tom Selleck was born on January 29, 1945, in Detroit, Michigan, and grew up in Sherman Oaks, California. From an early age, he was involved in sports, particularly basketball. which played a significant role in his physical development. His athletic pursuits continued into college. where he attended the University of Southern California (USC) on a basketball scholarship. This early involvement in sports laid a strong foundation for his physical health and disciplined lifestyle.
Transition to Acting
Selleck's transition from an athlete to an actor came with its physical demands. His first significant role in "Magnum P.I." required him to perform various stunts and maintain a fit appearance. This role, which he played from 1980 to 1988. necessitated a rigorous fitness routine to meet the show's demands. setting the stage for his long-term commitment to health and wellness.
Fitness Regimen
Workout Routine
Tom Selleck health and fitness regimen has evolved. adapting to his changing roles and age. During his "Magnum, P.I." days. Selleck's workouts were intense and focused on building and maintaining muscle mass. His routine included weightlifting, cardiovascular exercises. and specific training for the stunts he performed on the show.
Selleck adjusted his fitness routine as he aged to suit his body's needs. Today, his workouts focus on maintaining flexibility, strength, and cardiovascular health. He incorporates low-impact exercises such as swimming, walking, and light weightlifting. This balanced approach helps him stay fit without putting undue strain on his joints and muscles.
Importance of Flexibility and Mobility
In recent years, Selleck has emphasized the importance of flexibility and mobility in his fitness regimen. Understanding the natural decline in muscle mass and joint flexibility with age. he includes stretching and yoga in his routine. These practices help prevent injuries, improve posture, and maintain mobilit
Knee anatomy and clinical tests 2024.pdfvimalpl1234
This includes all relevant anatomy and clinical tests compiled from standard textbooks, Campbell,netter etc..It is comprehensive and best suited for orthopaedicians and orthopaedic residents.
Ethanol (CH3CH2OH), or beverage alcohol, is a two-carbon alcohol
that is rapidly distributed in the body and brain. Ethanol alters many
neurochemical systems and has rewarding and addictive properties. It
is the oldest recreational drug and likely contributes to more morbidity,
mortality, and public health costs than all illicit drugs combined. The
5th edition of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders
(DSM-5) integrates alcohol abuse and alcohol dependence into a single
disorder called alcohol use disorder (AUD), with mild, moderate,
and severe subclassifications (American Psychiatric Association, 2013).
In the DSM-5, all types of substance abuse and dependence have been
combined into a single substance use disorder (SUD) on a continuum
from mild to severe. A diagnosis of AUD requires that at least two of
the 11 DSM-5 behaviors be present within a 12-month period (mild
AUD: 2–3 criteria; moderate AUD: 4–5 criteria; severe AUD: 6–11 criteria).
The four main behavioral effects of AUD are impaired control over
drinking, negative social consequences, risky use, and altered physiological
effects (tolerance, withdrawal). This chapter presents an overview
of the prevalence and harmful consequences of AUD in the U.S.,
the systemic nature of the disease, neurocircuitry and stages of AUD,
comorbidities, fetal alcohol spectrum disorders, genetic risk factors, and
pharmacotherapies for AUD.
ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE IN HEALTHCARE.pdfAnujkumaranit
Artificial intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence processes by machines, especially computer systems. It encompasses tasks such as learning, reasoning, problem-solving, perception, and language understanding. AI technologies are revolutionizing various fields, from healthcare to finance, by enabling machines to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence.
Prix Galien International 2024 Forum ProgramLevi Shapiro
June 20, 2024, Prix Galien International and Jerusalem Ethics Forum in ROME. Detailed agenda including panels:
- ADVANCES IN CARDIOLOGY: A NEW PARADIGM IS COMING
- WOMEN’S HEALTH: FERTILITY PRESERVATION
- WHAT’S NEW IN THE TREATMENT OF INFECTIOUS,
ONCOLOGICAL AND INFLAMMATORY SKIN DISEASES?
- ARTIFICIAL INTELLIGENCE AND ETHICS
- GENE THERAPY
- BEYOND BORDERS: GLOBAL INITIATIVES FOR DEMOCRATIZING LIFE SCIENCE TECHNOLOGIES AND PROMOTING ACCESS TO HEALTHCARE
- ETHICAL CHALLENGES IN LIFE SCIENCES
- Prix Galien International Awards Ceremony
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Ve...kevinkariuki227
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
TEST BANK for Operations Management, 14th Edition by William J. Stevenson, Verified Chapters 1 - 19, Complete Newest Version.pdf
New Drug Discovery and Development .....NEHA GUPTA
The "New Drug Discovery and Development" process involves the identification, design, testing, and manufacturing of novel pharmaceutical compounds with the aim of introducing new and improved treatments for various medical conditions. This comprehensive endeavor encompasses various stages, including target identification, preclinical studies, clinical trials, regulatory approval, and post-market surveillance. It involves multidisciplinary collaboration among scientists, researchers, clinicians, regulatory experts, and pharmaceutical companies to bring innovative therapies to market and address unmet medical needs.
Flu Vaccine Alert in Bangalore Karnatakaaddon Scans
As flu season approaches, health officials in Bangalore, Karnataka, are urging residents to get their flu vaccinations. The seasonal flu, while common, can lead to severe health complications, particularly for vulnerable populations such as young children, the elderly, and those with underlying health conditions.
Dr. Vidisha Kumari, a leading epidemiologist in Bangalore, emphasizes the importance of getting vaccinated. "The flu vaccine is our best defense against the influenza virus. It not only protects individuals but also helps prevent the spread of the virus in our communities," he says.
This year, the flu season is expected to coincide with a potential increase in other respiratory illnesses. The Karnataka Health Department has launched an awareness campaign highlighting the significance of flu vaccinations. They have set up multiple vaccination centers across Bangalore, making it convenient for residents to receive their shots.
To encourage widespread vaccination, the government is also collaborating with local schools, workplaces, and community centers to facilitate vaccination drives. Special attention is being given to ensuring that the vaccine is accessible to all, including marginalized communities who may have limited access to healthcare.
Residents are reminded that the flu vaccine is safe and effective. Common side effects are mild and may include soreness at the injection site, mild fever, or muscle aches. These side effects are generally short-lived and far less severe than the flu itself.
Healthcare providers are also stressing the importance of continuing COVID-19 precautions. Wearing masks, practicing good hand hygiene, and maintaining social distancing are still crucial, especially in crowded places.
Protect yourself and your loved ones by getting vaccinated. Together, we can help keep Bangalore healthy and safe this flu season. For more information on vaccination centers and schedules, residents can visit the Karnataka Health Department’s official website or follow their social media pages.
Stay informed, stay safe, and get your flu shot today!
Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility...Sujoy Dasgupta
Dr Sujoy Dasgupta presented the study on "Couples presenting to the infertility clinic- Do they really have infertility? – The unexplored stories of non-consummation" in the 13th Congress of the Asia Pacific Initiative on Reproduction (ASPIRE 2024) at Manila on 24 May, 2024.
8. Types of Bone Cells
Osteocytes
Mature bone cells
Osteoblasts
Bone-forming cells
Osteoclasts
Bone-destroying cells
Break down bone matrix for remodeling and
release of calcium
Bone remodeling is a process by both
osteoblasts and osteoclasts
11. Changes in the Human Skeleton
In embryos, the skeleton is primarily hyaline
cartilage
During development, much of this cartilage
is replaced by bone
Cartilage remains in isolated areas
Bridge of the nose
Parts of ribs
Joints
12. I. ENDOCHONDRAL OSSIFICATION- cartilage
to bone
a. Circumference
- deposition of osteoblasts beneath periosteum
forming new bone on the surface and
increasing girth
- osteoclasts dissolve bony tissue in interior to
give way to marrow cavity
b. Length- 4 regions in epiphyseal plate ( between
epiphysis and diaphysis)
1. “resting” cartilage cells
2. zone of proliferation
3. zone of hypertrophy
4. zone of calcification
13. II. INTRAMEMBRANOUS OSSIFICATION
•Membranous tissue to bone
•In flat bones of the skull
•Done through appositional growth ( addition on
sides of osseous tissue)
•Cannot grow by interior expansion
BONE GROWTH AND RESORPTION
•Childhood- faster ossification, slower resorption=
inc in size of the bone
•Adulthood- ossification=resorption-constant size
•Late adulthood(35-40 onwards)- faster
resorption, slower ossification- osteoporosis in
older women
22. Bone Repair:
1. Electrical stimulation of the fracture site:
• Increases speed and completeness of healing
• The e- stimulation inhibits PTH and slow
osteoclasts down from reabsorbing bone
2. Ultrasound treatment:
• Daily treatments reduce healing time of broken
bones by 25-35%
3. Free vascular fibular graft technique:
• Transplant fibula in arm
• Gives good blood supply not available in other
treatments
4. Bone substitutes:
• Crushed bone from cadaver- but risk of HIV and
hepatitis
• Sea bone- coral
• Artificial bone- ceramic
24. • Warm and moisten air
• Lighten the skull
• Enhance voice resonance
Frontal Sinus
Ethmoid Sinus
Sphenoid Sinus
Maxillary Sinus
25. EFFECTS OF HORMONES ON BONES
1. Growth hormone
• hyposecretion/removal of pituitary gland
- results in premature cessation of transformation of
chondrocytes to bones in epiphysis
• Hypersecretion- giantism/acromegaly
2. Parathormone- overactivity
- bones become unduly fragile and fracture
spontaneously and cysts form ( osteitis fibrosa cystica)
3.Thyroxine- deficiency in young- delayed/inc ossification=
softer bones
4. estrogen- stimulate osteoblastic activity
-def during post-menopausal stage- osteoporosis
26. Head shape and delivery method
•Method of delivery determined thru diameter of
female pelvis and size of fetal skull
•Small pelvic measurements- cesarean operation
no molding( different shape of head)
•Average pelvic measurements-natural delivery
head is molded during its passage through
birth canal
•Instrumental delivery- placing forceps on head
and pulling
very delicate job and could cause damage to
motor cortex of brain – spastic child
34. Bursitis
• Inflammation of the Bursa (fluid
filled sac surrounding the joint).
• bursa can become inflamed from
injury, infection or due to an
underlying rheumatic condition.
• typically identified by localized pain
or swelling, tenderness, and pain
with motion of the tissues in the
affected area.
35.
36. Bunion
• Swelling of bursa of great toe due to
pressure or friction from badly fitting
shoes
37. Tendonitis
• literally means inflammation of
the tendon
• If normal smooth gliding motion
of tendon is impaired, the
tendon will become inflamed
and movement will become
painful.
• The most common cause of
tendonitis is overuse.
38.
39. Carpal Tunnel Syndrome
• Due to any condition that causes
swelling or a change in position of
the tissue within the carpal tunnel
• can squeeze and irritate the median
nerve.
• This causes tingling and numbness
of the thumb, index, and the middle
fingers, a condition known as
"carpal tunnel syndrome."
40.
41.
42. Osteoporosis
• means "porous bones.“
Risk Factors:
• Being female:decreased estrogen after
menopause
• Small frame
• Caucasian or Asian ethnicity
• Little weight-bearing exercise
• diet poor in Ca++ and protein
• abnormal vitamin D receptors
• Smoking
• Drinking alcohol
43.
44.
45.
46. Scoliosis
• Scoliosis is an abnormal curvature of the
spine.
• Scoliosis runs in families, but doctors
often don't know the cause.
• More girls than boys have severe
scoliosis.
• Adult scoliosis may be a worsening of a
condition that began in childhood
• scoliosis may also result from a
degenerative joint condition in the spine.
47.
48.
49.
50. Kyphosis
• With kyphosis, your spine may look normal or
you may develop a hump.
• Kyphosis can occur as a result of
developmental problems; degenerative
diseases, such as arthritis of the spine;
osteoporosis with compression fractures of
the vertebrae; or trauma to the spine.
• It can affect children, adolescents and adults.
51.
52.
53. Lordosis
• A spine affected by
lordosis shows
evidence of a
curvature of the
back bones
(vertebrae) in the
lower back area,
giving the child a
"swayback"
appearance.
54.
55. Tuberculosis of the Spine-
(Pott’s Disease)
• A form of extrapulmonary tuberculosis that
impacts the spine,
• Aka arthritis for the vertebrae
• More properly known as tuberculosis
spondylitis,
• Pott’s disease is often experienced as a local
phenomenon that begins in the thoracic section
of the spinal column.
• Early signs of the presence of Pott’s disease
generally begin with a simple back pain that in
short order,will begin to multiply.
56.
57.
58.
59. Rickets
• Rickets is the softening and
weakening of bones in children,
usually because of an extreme and
prolonged vitamin D deficiency.
• Some skeletal deformities caused by
rickets may need corrective
surgery.
63. Scurvy
• Consumption of fruits and
vegetables or diets fortified with
vitamin C are essential to avoid
ascorbic acid deficiency.
• Even though scurvy is uncommon, it
still occurs and can affect adults and
children who have chronic dietary
vitamin C deficiency.
64.
65.
66. Gout
• results from an overload of uric acid in
the body which leads to the formation of
tiny crystals of urate that deposit in the
joints.
• When crystals form in the joints it causes
recurring attacks of joint inflammation
(arthritis).
• Chronic gout can also lead to deposits of
hard lumps of uric acid in and around the
joints and may cause joint destruction,
decreased kidney function and kidney
stones
67.
68.
69. Acromegaly
• occurs when the pituitary gland
produces too much growth
• When there is too much growth
hormone in the body, these tissues
grow larger than normal.
• This excessive growth can cause
serious disease and even premature
death.
70.
71.
72.
73. Poliomyelitis
• a highly infectious disease caused by a virus which invades the
nervous system causing total paralysis in a matter of hours.
• can strike at any age, but affects mainly children under three
(over 50% of all cases).
• The virus enters the body through the mouth and multiplies in
the intestine. Initial symptoms are fever, fatigue, headache,
vomiting, stiffness in the neck and pain in the limbs.
• One in 200 infections leads to irreversible paralysis (usually in
the legs). Amongst those paralysed, 5%-10% die when their
breathing muscles become immobilized.
• As most people infected with poliovirus have no signs of illness,
poliovirus can spread widely
• After initial infection with poliovirus, the virus is shed
intermittently in faeces (excrement) for several weeks. During
that time, polio can spread rapidly through the community.
74.
75.
76.
77. Herniated Disk
• Soft inner central portion of intervertebral
disk protrudes into vertebral canal and
exerts pressure on spinal cord
• Laminectomy-operation to correct
condition
78. Spina Bifida
• birth defect that involves the incomplete
development of the spinal cord or its
coverings.
• The term spina bifida comes from Latin and
literally means "split" or "open" spine.
• Spina bifida occurs at the end of the first
month of pregnancy when the two sides of the
ハembryo's spine fail to join together, leaving
an open area.
• In some cases, the spinal cord or other
membranes may push through this opening in
the back. The condition usually isハdetected
before a baby is born and treated right away.
79.
80.
81.
82. Talipes Equinovarus-
“Clubfoot”
• A deformity of the whole foot that is present at
birth.
• Aka as 'talipes', as the deformity is mostly in
the talus (a bone in the ankle).
• The most common of the talipes is what is
known as "talipes equino varus“
• In talipes equino varus, the child is born with
the foot pointing down and twisted inwards at
the ankle.
83.
84.
85. Sarcoma
• Osteosarcoma-The most common
type of bone cancer.
• arises in bone and is most commonly
found in children and adolescents
• A rare form occurs in adults,
particularly in patients who have
been cured of other cancers with
radiation therapy.
86.
87.
88.
89. Myeloma
• a cancer in which abnormal
cells collect in the bone
marrow and form tumors.
• Sometimes these abnormal
cells (called myeloma cells)
collect in only one bone and
form a single tumor known
as a plasmacytoma.
• However, in most cases,
the myeloma cells collect in
many bones, forming
several tumors and causing
other problems ( multiple
myeloma).