The direct method focuses on communicating in the target language through demonstration and visual aids, without translation or explicit grammar instruction. In the classroom, the teacher uses a map to ask students questions about US geography, encouraging responses in full sentences in the target language. Errors are addressed through questioning to facilitate self-correction. Various techniques are used, including reading aloud, questioning, dictation, and fill-in-the-blank exercises, to develop oral skills and inductive learning of grammar and culture.

1. Chapter 3: The Direct Method
Textbook:
Larsen-Freeman, D. (2000). Techniques and Principles in
Language Teaching. (2th ed.). Oxford University Press.

2. Introduction to the Direct Method
1.The instructional goal is learning how to use
a foreign language to communicate.
2.The basic rule is that meaning is to be
conveyed directly in the target language
through the use of demonstration and
visual aids. In other words, no
translation is allowed in the classroom.

3. The Direct Method in the classroom-1
1.The teacher places a big map of the united
States in the front of the classroom.
►Visual aid

4. The Direct Method in the classroom-2
2.At the beginning of the class, the teacher
asks students to read aloud a passage about
the United States geography first and he
points to a part of the map after each
sentence is read.
► Reading skill will be developed through the
practice with speaking.
►Visual aid

5. The Direct Method in the classroom-3
3.Then the teacher uses the target language
to ask students if they have any question. If
the students have some, they are asked to
use the target language to ask the teacher,
too.
►The native language is prohibited.

6. The Direct Method in the classroom-4
4.The teacher answers the students’
questions by drawing on the
blackboard or giving examples.
►No explanation & translation

7. The Direct Method in the classroom-5
5.The teacher asks questions about the map in
the target language and the students are
asked to reply in a full sentence in the
target language, too.
►Ask students to think in the target language as
quickly as possible.

8. The Direct Method in the classroom-6
6.The teacher encourages his students to ask
questions about the map.
►Communication

9. The Direct Method in the classroom-7
7.The teacher will work with students on their
wrong pronunciation, and he will also help
them to correct grammar errors by asking
them questions to let them choose.
►Self-correction

10. The Direct Method in the classroom-8
8.The students are asked to practice using
prepositions in the lesson by filling in
blanks because the teacher won’t directly
teach explicit grammar rules to them.
►Grammar be taught inductively.

11. The Direct Method in the classroom-9
9.In order to develop students’ writing
abilities, the teacher dictates a paragraph
about the geography of the United States.
►Writing is an important skill.

12. The Direct Method in the classroom-10
10.All of the lessons of the week involve the
geography of the United States.
►Syllabus focus on situations or topics.

13. The Direct Method in the classroom-
11
11.A proverb is used to discuss in the
classroom in order to help students learn
how speakers of that language live.
►Learning culture

14. The Principles -1
 What are the goals of the Direct Method?
► to communicate in the target language
► to think in the target language

15. The Principles -2
 What are the roles between the teacher
and the students?
► Partners
► Students are more active (than GTM)

16. The Principles -3
 What are some characteristics of
teaching/learning process?
► Demonstrate the meaning by using realia, pictures,
or gesture (no explain or translate)
► the syllabus is based on situations or topics. ( as if
students were in real situations)
► Grammar is taught inductively, no explicit
grammar.

17. The Principles -4
 How is language viewed? How is culture
viewed?
► Language is primarily spoken, not written.
(common speech/everyday speech)
► Culture consists of history, geography ,and
the daily lives

18. The Principles -5
 What areas of language are emphasized?
► Vocabulary is emphasized over grammar.
► Oral communication → reading → writing
► Pronunciation receives attention at
beginning

19. The Principles -6
 What is the role of the students’ native
language?
► Native language is not allowed.

20. The Principles -7
 How does the teacher respond to
students’ errors?
► try to get students to self-correct.

21. The techniques -1
 Reading aloud
► Students take turns reading. At the end of
each student’s turn, the teacher uses
gestures, pictures, realia, examples, or other
means to make the meaning clear.

22. The techniques -2
 Question and answer exercise
►only in target language
► Students ask questions and answer in full
sentences

23. The techniques -3
 Getting students to self-correct
► by asking them to make a choice
► using a questioning voice
► stopping before the error

24. The techniques -4
 Conversation practice
► Teacher asks students some questions in the
target language
► questions contained a particular grammar
strucure (T→S; S→S)

25. The techniques -5
 Fill-in-the-blank exercise
► all the items are in the target language
► no explicit grammar rules would be
applied

26. The techniques -6
 Dictation
► Teacher reads the passage 3 times
► normal speed
► phrase by phrase with pausing long
► normal speed again