The direct method, also known as the natural method, teaches foreign languages using only the target language without translation. It emphasizes teaching pronunciation and having students learn through demonstration, interaction, and immersion rather than being taught grammar rules. Some principles are using real-world objects to demonstrate meaning, encouraging students to communicate and self-correct, and inductively teaching grammar.

2. The direct method, also referred to as the natural method started
with Francois Gouin and was picked up by Charles Berlitz and
Sauveur in the 19th century. It became very well known in the
United States through its use by Sauveur and Maximilian Berlitz’s
successful commercial language schools.

3. The Direct Method, it's sometimes called the Natural Method. Not
limited to but often used in teaching foreign languages, the method
does not use the learners' native language and uses only the target
language.
It's named "direct" because the meaning should be connected
directly with the target without translation into the native language.
The main goal for the teacher is: that students will learn to
communicate in the target language.

4. Theoretical Assumption
Language can be learned only through
demonstration. Instead of analytical procedures of
explaining grammar rules, students must be
encouraged to use language naturally and
spontaneously so that they induce grammar.

5. Theoretical Assumption
The learning of a second language was seen as
parallel to the acquisition of the child's first language.
This method, therefore, emphasizes the importance
of sounds, simple sentences, and direct association of
language with objects and persons of the immediate
environment- the classroom, the home, the garden,
etc.

6. Classroom instruction was conducted exclusively in the
target language. Native language should not be used in the
classroom
Principles

7. Principles
Objects ( Realia or picture) present in the immediate
classroom environment should be used to help students
understand the meaning.

8. The purpose of language learning is to communicate
(so students need to learn how to ask questions as well
as answer them)
Principles

9. The teacher should demonstrate, not explain or translate. It
is desirable that students make a direct association between
the target language form and meaning.
Principles

10. Pronunciation should be worked on right from the
beginning of language learning
Principles

11. Self-correction facilitates language learning
Principles

12. Lessons should include some conversational activity -
some opportunities for students to use the language
in a real-life context.
Principles

13. Students should be encouraged to speak as much as possible
Principles

14. Grammar should be taught inductively. There may
never be an explicit grammar rule given
Principles

15. Writing is an important skill, to be developed from the
beginning of language instruction.
Principles

16. Learning another language also involves learning
how speakers of that language live.
Principles

17. Q & A : The teacher asks questions of any nature and the students
answer.
Dictation: The teacher chooses a grade-appropriate passage and reads
the text aloud. The teacher reads the passage three times.
Reading Aloud: Students take turns reading sections of a passage, play
or dialogue out loud.
Map Drawing: Students are given a map without a label then the
students label it by using the directions the teacher gives.
Paragraph Writing: The students are asked to write a passage in their
own words.
Techniques

18. Advantages
In this method they are quick at understanding spoken English They
can converse English so easy because it teaches the second/foreign
language in the same way as one learns one's mother tongue.
It is a natural method that teaches language in the same way the
mother tongue is acquired. Only the target language is used and the
learning is contextualized.
Its emphasis on speech made it more attractive for those who have
needs to real communication in the target language. It is one of the
first methods to introduce the teaching of vocabulary through realia.

19. The direct method lays too much emphasis on
speaking. It neglects reading and writing.
Every teacher cannot make a success of the direct
method. Only a teacher can work with this method
successfully, who is good at English.
The direct method can succeed only with those
students who are linguistic minded, that is, students
who have got a fine ear for the language. Only the
clever child can profit from this method.
Disadvantages

20. Applications
The Direct method is used to teach vocabulary.
Vocabulary is always emphasized over grammar but all
language skills such as reading, writing, speaking,
listening and pronunciation are worked on.

21. Applications
With children, there are lots of possible activities.
Teaching animals? Take in soft toys and play games
where the children pass them around while saying the
names, close their eyes and guess the animal, or
describe the animal (if you want to focus on colors, body
parts, etc.).

22. Applications