This document discusses geotextiles, including their classification, common fibre materials, essential properties, manufacturing methods, and interactions with soil properties. Geotextiles are permeable textile structures made from polymers that are used in civil engineering applications involving soil, rock, or water. Common materials include polypropylene and polyester. Woven and nonwoven geotextiles are produced through various manufacturing methods like weaving, needlepunching, and heat bonding. Key geotextile properties include mechanical characteristics like tensile strength as well as hydraulic properties governing permeability. Geotextiles are used to address issues with non-uniform, unstable, or moist soils.
A geotextile is typically defined as any permeable textile material used to increase soil stability, provide erosion control or aid in drainage. More simply put, if it is made of fabric and buried in the ground it is probably a geotextile. Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene.
Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories;
Woven geotextile,
Non-woven geotextile.
Now a days Jute are also applied as geotextile.
A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion.
Jute, a natural, eco-friendly biodegradable and annually renewable bast fibre grows abundantly in India and Bangladesh in particular. As reported by Shivani Sridhar, in India, the annual production of jute is of the order of 1.6 million tons with jute sacks being the potent product. Jute industry in India is one of the oldest agro-industries in the world. In India alone about 0.7 million people are dependent on jute production, its manufacture, and marketing for their livelihood (Sridhar 2015:60).
The ingress of man-made polymers poses a threat to the jute industry which is why the diversification of jute products has become an imperative necessity (Sridhar 2015:60). Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association (IJIRA) has developed a number of jute diversified products like Jute Geotextile (JGT) and Jute Agrotextile (JAT) through extensive R & D work utilizing the unique intrinsic properties of jute fibres like high initial tensile strength, low extensibility, high water absorbency, excellent drapability and spinnability (Sridhar 2015:60). Varieties of JGT and JAT namely, woven, non-woven, open mesh woven, pre-fabricated vertical jute drain (PVJD), jute sleeve etc. have been developed by IJIRA with the support of Jute Manufactures Development Council (JMDC). Laboratory study followed by successful field applications has established the efficacy of these products. It is relevant to mention that all geotextiles act as change agents to soil to improve its engineering performance, and its long-term durability is not a technical necessity. Bio-degradability is therefore both a technical and environmental advantage. Man-made geotextiles are questionable from an environmentalist's perspective despite their longer durability. The stress is now on adopting bio-engineering measures to address soil-related problems in civil engineering. The depletion of petroleum reserves and deteriorating environment in the planet should make JGT and JAT more attractive to the end-users. This article indicates the salient properties of JGT and JAT along with references to a few case studies substantiating the efficacy of these two products.
A geotextile is typically defined as any permeable textile material used to increase soil stability, provide erosion control or aid in drainage. More simply put, if it is made of fabric and buried in the ground it is probably a geotextile. Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene.
Geotextiles are a permeable synthetic material made of textile materials. They are usually made from polymers such as polyester or polypropylene. The geotextiles are further prepared in three different categories;
Woven geotextile,
Non-woven geotextile.
Now a days Jute are also applied as geotextile.
A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion.
Jute, a natural, eco-friendly biodegradable and annually renewable bast fibre grows abundantly in India and Bangladesh in particular. As reported by Shivani Sridhar, in India, the annual production of jute is of the order of 1.6 million tons with jute sacks being the potent product. Jute industry in India is one of the oldest agro-industries in the world. In India alone about 0.7 million people are dependent on jute production, its manufacture, and marketing for their livelihood (Sridhar 2015:60).
The ingress of man-made polymers poses a threat to the jute industry which is why the diversification of jute products has become an imperative necessity (Sridhar 2015:60). Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association (IJIRA) has developed a number of jute diversified products like Jute Geotextile (JGT) and Jute Agrotextile (JAT) through extensive R & D work utilizing the unique intrinsic properties of jute fibres like high initial tensile strength, low extensibility, high water absorbency, excellent drapability and spinnability (Sridhar 2015:60). Varieties of JGT and JAT namely, woven, non-woven, open mesh woven, pre-fabricated vertical jute drain (PVJD), jute sleeve etc. have been developed by IJIRA with the support of Jute Manufactures Development Council (JMDC). Laboratory study followed by successful field applications has established the efficacy of these products. It is relevant to mention that all geotextiles act as change agents to soil to improve its engineering performance, and its long-term durability is not a technical necessity. Bio-degradability is therefore both a technical and environmental advantage. Man-made geotextiles are questionable from an environmentalist's perspective despite their longer durability. The stress is now on adopting bio-engineering measures to address soil-related problems in civil engineering. The depletion of petroleum reserves and deteriorating environment in the planet should make JGT and JAT more attractive to the end-users. This article indicates the salient properties of JGT and JAT along with references to a few case studies substantiating the efficacy of these two products.
Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain.Typically made from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in three basic forms: woven (resembling mail bag sacking), needle punched (resembling felt), or heat bonded (resembling ironed felt). ...
geotextile fabric for drainage
geotextile fabric for road construction
geotextile fabric pricing
geotextile fabric for gravel driveways
geotextile filter fabric
geotextile fabric home depot
non woven geotextile fabric suppliers
us fabrics geotextile prices
interesting civil engineering topics
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Geotextiles are a kind of geosynthetic material that has become more and more popular over the past fifteen years. The material owes its success in more than 80 applications to a large extent to its resistance to biodegradation. Geotextiles are indeed textiles, however not in the traditional sense of the word. They are no natural materials like cotton, wool or silk. Geotextiles are synthetic fibers that can be made into a flexible, porous, nonwoven needlefelt fabric. They are porous to water flow, to a varying degree.
In this presentation you will find what is jute Geo-textile, how it is manufactured and application of jute Geo-textile. It contains some of the case studies from INDIA.
This presentation is about Geotextile. We gathered every single detail about Geotextile and include here. So, it will be very helpful to them who wants to know or learn about Geotextile.
Geotextiles, Soil Stabilization Woven slit films are preferred for hardscape applications such as under walkways, roads,... Non-woven geotextiles resemble felt and provide a path for water to flow. Polyspun materials are prefered for weed control applications due to their high strength... ...
geotextile fabric for drainage
geotextile fabric for road construction
geotextile fabric pricing
geotextile fabric for gravel driveways
geotextile filter fabric
geotextile fabric home depot
non woven geotextile fabric suppliers
us fabrics geotextile prices
subgrade stabilization geotextile
subgrade stabilization methods
woven geotextile mirafi
mirafi soil stabilization fabric
soil stabilization grid
cement stabilization calculator
soil stabilization mat
soil stabilization products
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
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Presentation on Textiles & GeoTextile Composites done by Saurabh Vyas at ATIRA during One day workshop on GEO Presentation done by Sh Saurabh Vyas during the workshop on GEOTEXTILES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING organized by #IEIGSC in association of iNDEXTb, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad & ATIRA
Geotextiles are permeable fabrics which, when used in association with soil, have the ability to separate, filter, reinforce, protect, or drain.Typically made from polypropylene or polyester, geotextile fabrics come in three basic forms: woven (resembling mail bag sacking), needle punched (resembling felt), or heat bonded (resembling ironed felt). ...
geotextile fabric for drainage
geotextile fabric for road construction
geotextile fabric pricing
geotextile fabric for gravel driveways
geotextile filter fabric
geotextile fabric home depot
non woven geotextile fabric suppliers
us fabrics geotextile prices
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
Geotextiles are a kind of geosynthetic material that has become more and more popular over the past fifteen years. The material owes its success in more than 80 applications to a large extent to its resistance to biodegradation. Geotextiles are indeed textiles, however not in the traditional sense of the word. They are no natural materials like cotton, wool or silk. Geotextiles are synthetic fibers that can be made into a flexible, porous, nonwoven needlefelt fabric. They are porous to water flow, to a varying degree.
In this presentation you will find what is jute Geo-textile, how it is manufactured and application of jute Geo-textile. It contains some of the case studies from INDIA.
This presentation is about Geotextile. We gathered every single detail about Geotextile and include here. So, it will be very helpful to them who wants to know or learn about Geotextile.
Geotextiles, Soil Stabilization Woven slit films are preferred for hardscape applications such as under walkways, roads,... Non-woven geotextiles resemble felt and provide a path for water to flow. Polyspun materials are prefered for weed control applications due to their high strength... ...
geotextile fabric for drainage
geotextile fabric for road construction
geotextile fabric pricing
geotextile fabric for gravel driveways
geotextile filter fabric
geotextile fabric home depot
non woven geotextile fabric suppliers
us fabrics geotextile prices
subgrade stabilization geotextile
subgrade stabilization methods
woven geotextile mirafi
mirafi soil stabilization fabric
soil stabilization grid
cement stabilization calculator
soil stabilization mat
soil stabilization products
interesting civil engineering topics
civil engineering topics for presentation
civil seminar topics ppt
civil engineering seminar topics 2018
best seminar topics for civil engineering
seminar topics pdf
seminar topics for mechanical engineers
seminar topic for civil engineering pdf
Presentation on Textiles & GeoTextile Composites done by Saurabh Vyas at ATIRA during One day workshop on GEO Presentation done by Sh Saurabh Vyas during the workshop on GEOTEXTILES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING organized by #IEIGSC in association of iNDEXTb, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad & ATIRA
Ceramic bearings are typically constructed with a ferrous inner and outer ring or race with ceramic balls in the place of steel. Ceramic bearings offer many advantages over all steel bearings, such as higher speed and acceleration capability, increased stiffness, lower friction and more. Ceramic balls are also nonconductive. Ceramic bearings are available in all standard industry configurations such as, angular bearings, thrust bearing, pillow block bearing, needle bearings, and roller bearings.
Case Study on GETTING AIRLINES ALLIANCES OFF THE GROUNDAJ Raina
This case study on GETTING AIRLINES ALLIANCES OFF THE GROUND (International Business) was prepared by the students of Era Business School, New Delhi (PGDM 2012-14 batch)
Performance of cyclic loading on circular footing on geogrid reinforced sandbedeSAT Journals
Abstract Foundation is a part of structure which transmits weight of structure to the ground. In addition to static loads the foundations are subjected to dynamic loads like machine loads, seismic loads and moving wheel loads. This paper presents laboratory test results of cyclic loading on circular footing on geogrid reinforced sandbed for different densities. In this paper, works are carried out on circular footing with different densities i.e. 1.642gm/cc, 1.722gm/cc, 1.763gm/cc and with number of layers as 0, 1, 2, 3. Dynamic soil properties as coefficient of elastic uniform compression Cu, coefficient of elastic uniform shear Cτ, coefficient of elastic non-uniform shear Cψ and the coefficient of elastic non uniform compression Cφ were also determined. It has been concluded that as density of sand bed and as number of layers increases, settlement of footing decreases. Keywords : Cyclic loading, geogrid, coefficient of elastic uniform compression , coefficient of elastic uniform shear, coefficient of elastic non-uniform shear and the coefficient of elastic non uniform compression.
Geotextile Degredation Case History - 30 yrs of Performancebhaladog
Study of the mechanical properties of geotextile exhumed 30 yrs after installation from the world\'s first geotextile-reinforced column-supported embankment. Presented at TRB in 2006.
Performance of Light-Weight Concrete with Plastic AggregateIJERA Editor
This study is intended to explore the suitability of recycled plastics (high density polyethylene) as coarse aggregate in concrete by conducting various tests like workability by slump test, compressive strength of cube and cylinder, splitting tensile strength test of cylinder, flexural strength of R.C.C as well as P.CC. beams to determine the properties and behaviour in concrete. Effect of replacement of coarse aggregate with various percentages (0% to 40%) of plastic aggregate on behaviour of concrete was experimentally investigated and the optimum replacement of coarse aggregate was found out. The results showed that the addition of plastic aggregate to the concrete mixture improved the properties of the resultant mix.
GEO TECH TEXTILES
HOME TECH TEXTILES
BUILD TECH TEXTILES
All types and uses and properties given for better understanding
Please share the response either its helpful or not ?
Application of Jute Fiber in the Improvement of Subgrade CharacteristicsIDES Editor
For the development of any country, a satisfactory
mode of transport and communication is indispensable. This
can be achieved through a transportation system, which is
economically viable. Economy in road network can be achieved
through economical pavement design. The entire load coming
over the infrastructure is ultimately transmitted to the
subgrade. Load carrying and dispersion capacity of subgrade
soil play a vital role in civil engineering. In case of highway a
weak subgrade results in greater thickness of pavement layer,
so that the stresses on the subgrade are inconsonant with
their load carrying capacity. Empirically flexible pavements
are designed on the basis of CBR value of the subgrade and
traffic on the proposed road. As per IRC recommendation
increase in CBR value from 2.0% to 5.0% reduces the thickness
requirement by 35% for 1.0 msa of traffic. Therefore
improvement in subgrade has always been an area of concern
to highway and geotechnical engineers. In the present study
a series of Proctor Compaction tests and California Bearing
Ratio tests have been carried out on soil mixed with jute fiber.
Jute fibers of different diameters (2 to 8mm) and lengths (0.5
to 2.0 mm) are mixed in the subgrade in different percentage
(0.2 to 1.0%) to find out the optimal quantity. Proctor and
CBR test results are presented in the paper.
Presentation by Jared Jageler, David Adler, Noelia Duchovny, and Evan Herrnstadt, analysts in CBO’s Microeconomic Studies and Health Analysis Divisions, at the Association of Environmental and Resource Economists Summer Conference.
This session provides a comprehensive overview of the latest updates to the Uniform Administrative Requirements, Cost Principles, and Audit Requirements for Federal Awards (commonly known as the Uniform Guidance) outlined in the 2 CFR 200.
With a focus on the 2024 revisions issued by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB), participants will gain insight into the key changes affecting federal grant recipients. The session will delve into critical regulatory updates, providing attendees with the knowledge and tools necessary to navigate and comply with the evolving landscape of federal grant management.
Learning Objectives:
- Understand the rationale behind the 2024 updates to the Uniform Guidance outlined in 2 CFR 200, and their implications for federal grant recipients.
- Identify the key changes and revisions introduced by the Office of Management and Budget (OMB) in the 2024 edition of 2 CFR 200.
- Gain proficiency in applying the updated regulations to ensure compliance with federal grant requirements and avoid potential audit findings.
- Develop strategies for effectively implementing the new guidelines within the grant management processes of their respective organizations, fostering efficiency and accountability in federal grant administration.
Understanding the Challenges of Street ChildrenSERUDS INDIA
By raising awareness, providing support, advocating for change, and offering assistance to children in need, individuals can play a crucial role in improving the lives of street children and helping them realize their full potential
Donate Us
https://serudsindia.org/how-individuals-can-support-street-children-in-india/
#donatefororphan, #donateforhomelesschildren, #childeducation, #ngochildeducation, #donateforeducation, #donationforchildeducation, #sponsorforpoorchild, #sponsororphanage #sponsororphanchild, #donation, #education, #charity, #educationforchild, #seruds, #kurnool, #joyhome
Up the Ratios Bylaws - a Comprehensive Process of Our Organizationuptheratios
Up the Ratios is a non-profit organization dedicated to bridging the gap in STEM education for underprivileged students by providing free, high-quality learning opportunities in robotics and other STEM fields. Our mission is to empower the next generation of innovators, thinkers, and problem-solvers by offering a range of educational programs that foster curiosity, creativity, and critical thinking.
At Up the Ratios, we believe that every student, regardless of their socio-economic background, should have access to the tools and knowledge needed to succeed in today's technology-driven world. To achieve this, we host a variety of free classes, workshops, summer camps, and live lectures tailored to students from underserved communities. Our programs are designed to be engaging and hands-on, allowing students to explore the exciting world of robotics and STEM through practical, real-world applications.
Our free classes cover fundamental concepts in robotics, coding, and engineering, providing students with a strong foundation in these critical areas. Through our interactive workshops, students can dive deeper into specific topics, working on projects that challenge them to apply what they've learned and think creatively. Our summer camps offer an immersive experience where students can collaborate on larger projects, develop their teamwork skills, and gain confidence in their abilities.
In addition to our local programs, Up the Ratios is committed to making a global impact. We take donations of new and gently used robotics parts, which we then distribute to students and educational institutions in other countries. These donations help ensure that young learners worldwide have the resources they need to explore and excel in STEM fields. By supporting education in this way, we aim to nurture a global community of future leaders and innovators.
Our live lectures feature guest speakers from various STEM disciplines, including engineers, scientists, and industry professionals who share their knowledge and experiences with our students. These lectures provide valuable insights into potential career paths and inspire students to pursue their passions in STEM.
Up the Ratios relies on the generosity of donors and volunteers to continue our work. Contributions of time, expertise, and financial support are crucial to sustaining our programs and expanding our reach. Whether you're an individual passionate about education, a professional in the STEM field, or a company looking to give back to the community, there are many ways to get involved and make a difference.
We are proud of the positive impact we've had on the lives of countless students, many of whom have gone on to pursue higher education and careers in STEM. By providing these young minds with the tools and opportunities they need to succeed, we are not only changing their futures but also contributing to the advancement of technology and innovation on a broader scale.
Russian anarchist and anti-war movement in the third year of full-scale warAntti Rautiainen
Anarchist group ANA Regensburg hosted my online-presentation on 16th of May 2024, in which I discussed tactics of anti-war activism in Russia, and reasons why the anti-war movement has not been able to make an impact to change the course of events yet. Cases of anarchists repressed for anti-war activities are presented, as well as strategies of support for political prisoners, and modest successes in supporting their struggles.
Thumbnail picture is by MediaZona, you may read their report on anti-war arson attacks in Russia here: https://en.zona.media/article/2022/10/13/burn-map
Links:
Autonomous Action
http://Avtonom.org
Anarchist Black Cross Moscow
http://Avtonom.org/abc
Solidarity Zone
https://t.me/solidarity_zone
Memorial
https://memopzk.org/, https://t.me/pzk_memorial
OVD-Info
https://en.ovdinfo.org/antiwar-ovd-info-guide
RosUznik
https://rosuznik.org/
Uznik Online
http://uznikonline.tilda.ws/
Russian Reader
https://therussianreader.com/
ABC Irkutsk
https://abc38.noblogs.org/
Send mail to prisoners from abroad:
http://Prisonmail.online
YouTube: https://youtu.be/c5nSOdU48O8
Spotify: https://podcasters.spotify.com/pod/show/libertarianlifecoach/episodes/Russian-anarchist-and-anti-war-movement-in-the-third-year-of-full-scale-war-e2k8ai4
Jennifer Schaus and Associates hosts a complimentary webinar series on The FAR in 2024. Join the webinars on Wednesdays and Fridays at noon, eastern.
Recordings are on YouTube and the company website.
https://www.youtube.com/@jenniferschaus/videos
ZGB - The Role of Generative AI in Government transformation.pdfSaeed Al Dhaheri
This keynote was presented during the the 7th edition of the UAE Hackathon 2024. It highlights the role of AI and Generative AI in addressing government transformation to achieve zero government bureaucracy
What is the point of small housing associations.pptxPaul Smith
Given the small scale of housing associations and their relative high cost per home what is the point of them and how do we justify their continued existance
5. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Types of Geosynthetics
A Geotextiles is a permeable textile structures made of polymeric
materials and are used mainly in civil engineering applications in
conjunction with soil, rock or water.
Geogrids are plastic materials formed into a very open grid like
configuration with very large apertures.
Geomembranes are impervious sheets of rubber or plastics, used
as a moisture or vapor barrier.
Geonets are structures formed by continuous extrusion of
polymeric ribs placed at acute angles to one another, which on
opening will give net like configuration and used to convey fluids.
Geocomposites are usually composed of two geosynthetics.
6. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Why Geotextiles?
1. Non-Uniform Consistency:
Soils are made up of different types of particles such as gravel, sands, silt, clay
and possibly organic materials. Many times, the consistency of the soil (types of
particles) can vary throughout the length of the project. This can have a
significant effect on such factors as drainage, settlement, frost heaves, etc., all of
which can create problems.
2. Unstable Soils
In areas where soils consist of clays, silts and organics, especially in areas that
drain poorly, the subgrade may be unstable. As a result, the unstable soil is not
able to provide adequately support for a road or embankment.
3. Moisture problems
Depending upon the consistency of the soil, the presence of moisture can create
such problems as loss of strength, swelling/shrinking, and frost heave.
8. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Properties of Fibres used in Geotextiles
Polyester Polyamide Polypropylene Polyethylene
Strength H M L L
Elastic modulus H M L L
Strain at failure M M H H
Creep L M H H
Unit weight H M L L
Cost L H L L
Resistance to
U.V. light
H M H H
Alkalis L H H H
Fungus, vermin M M M H
Fuel M M L L
Detergents H H H H
H: High; M: Medium; L: Low
9. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Most Common Geotextile Materials
Polypropylene and Polyester
Good chemical resistance
Low cost
High strength
Polyvinylidene chloride fibre is used in
Japan and in one or two products in the
United States, but not in Europe.
24. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Manufacturing Methods
Woven
Lighter weights are used as soil separators,
filters and erosion control textiles.
Heavier one are used in soil reinforcements in
steep embankments, vertical soil walls.
Plain weave is the most common though
others like basket and twill are also used.
These are woven on wide width looms.
25. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Knitted
Knitted fabrics, as used in the field of geotextiles,
are restricted to warp-knitted textiles.
Warp-knitting machines can produce fine filter
fabrics, medium meshes and large diameter soil
reinforcing grids.
Heat bonded nonwoven
Filaments or short fibres are subjected to heat and
melted at their crossover points.
Bonding additives are added in case of the fibres
with high melting temperature so that at lower
temperatures, these additives will melt and bond
the filaments.
26. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Needlepunched non woven
Made out of blended webs of continuous filaments
and staple fibres.
The fabrics derive mechanical coherence from the
entangling of fibres caused by the barbs on the
reciprocating needle.
In the case of needle punched textiles, considerable
thicknesses (up to more than 10 mm) and weights
greater than 2000gm2
can be achieved.
Chemically bonded nonwoven
It is the least used method. Glue, latex or resin is
added to bind the filaments or short fibres together.
Impregnated web is cured and/or calendered.
27. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Geotextile Properties
Physical
Material - polymer
Thickness
Mass per unit area
Mechanical
Wide width tensile strength
Grab strength/elongation
Trapezoidal tear strength
Puncture strength
Hydraulic Properties
Permittivity / flow rate
Apparent opening size (AOS)
29. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Soil Science
Definition of Soil:
Soil is defined as the entire unconsolidated material that
overlies and is distinguishable from bedrock.
Composed of loosely bound mineral grains of various
sizes and shapes.
Contains voids of varying sizes. These voids contain:
Air
Water
Organics
30. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Engineering Properties of Soil
Varies greatly depending on its physical
properties, however, the behavior of a
soils not exclusively dependant on
physical properties.
Also dependant on arrangement of
particles (Compaction)
32. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Gradation of Soil
Distribution of particles within a soil.
Soils are either:
Well graded – good distribution of particle sizes
Poorly graded – bad distribution of particles
sizes
Uniformly graded – only one soil size
Gap graded – missing soil sizes
33. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Grain Shape
Influences a soils strength and stability
Two general shapes:
Bulky – three dimensional
Angular – recently been broken
Sub angular – sharper points and edges are worn
Sub rounded – further weathered than sub angular
Rounded – no projections and smooth in texture
Platy – two dimensional
34. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Soil Particle Shapes
Density
Determined by the ratio of voids (air and water) to soil particles.
A denser soil has greater strength and stability than a looser soil.
Moisture
Most important factor affecting engineering characteristics.
Moistures affect varies greatly depending on soil type:
Course grained soils usually remains unchanged.
Fine grained soils are susceptible to shrinking and swelling.
Plasticity and Cohesion
Plasticity is the ability of a soil to deform without cracking.
Fine grained soils, like clay, have a wide range of plasticity.
Coarse grained soils, like clean sands and gravels, are non plastic
35. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Shear Resistance of Soil
Related to a soils ability to withstand loads.
California Bearing Ratio (CBR) is a measure of shearing
resistance
CBR is a soil’s ability to support a load relative to that of
soil with known strength (limestone).
Determined by the Soils Test Kit (B2150)
36. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Bearing Capacity
The ability of a soil to support a load applied by an
engineering structure.
A soil with insufficient bearing capacity might fail, by shear,
allowing the structure to sink and shift.
Dense and well graded soil with angular particles generally
has good bearing capacities.
37. R.Senthil Kumar,KCT,Coimbatore
Soil Compaction
Purpose of Compaction :
Most critical component in horizontal construction.
Durability and stability of structures is related to proper
compaction.
Structural failure can often be traced to improper
compaction.
I use this photo of liner removed from the bottom of a pond to illustrate why certain tests are performed. We will look at comparison of test results for different materials.