Geotextiles are permeable textiles used in civil engineering applications to improve the performance of soils. They are made from natural fibers like jute or synthetic polymers like polypropylene and polyester. Geotextiles serve functions like separation, reinforcement, drainage, and filtration. They are used in applications such as roads, erosion control, retaining walls, and drainage systems. The properties and performance of geotextiles depend on factors like material composition, mechanical strength, permeability, and resistance to degradation. Polypropylene is commonly used due to its chemical resistance while polyester has better strength and creep resistance for demanding applications. The suitable fiber depends on the specific geotextile application and requirements.
A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion.
Technical textiles are one of the faster-growing sectors of the global textile industry. High-added-value textile structures are replaced with traditional technologies. Technical textiles used in the construction of buildings are called “BUILDTECH”. Textile materials used in buildings for so many years. The utilization of these materials is increased with the development of synthetic fibers. Today, these materials are widely used in airports, stadiums, sports halls, exhibition halls and shows centers, military and industrial warehouses, and also in a lot of different areas like these places.
This ppt will definitely help you to get the knowledge about technical textiles in very easy way. I tried to make it very simple so that any1 can understand it in better way.
A geotextile is defined as any permeable textile material that is used with foundation, soil, rock, earth, etc to increase stability and decrease wind and water erosion.
Technical textiles are one of the faster-growing sectors of the global textile industry. High-added-value textile structures are replaced with traditional technologies. Technical textiles used in the construction of buildings are called “BUILDTECH”. Textile materials used in buildings for so many years. The utilization of these materials is increased with the development of synthetic fibers. Today, these materials are widely used in airports, stadiums, sports halls, exhibition halls and shows centers, military and industrial warehouses, and also in a lot of different areas like these places.
This ppt will definitely help you to get the knowledge about technical textiles in very easy way. I tried to make it very simple so that any1 can understand it in better way.
Presentation on Textiles & GeoTextile Composites done by Saurabh Vyas at ATIRA during One day workshop on GEO Presentation done by Sh Saurabh Vyas during the workshop on GEOTEXTILES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING organized by #IEIGSC in association of iNDEXTb, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad & ATIRA
Jute, a natural, eco-friendly biodegradable and annually renewable bast fibre grows abundantly in India and Bangladesh in particular. As reported by Shivani Sridhar, in India, the annual production of jute is of the order of 1.6 million tons with jute sacks being the potent product. Jute industry in India is one of the oldest agro-industries in the world. In India alone about 0.7 million people are dependent on jute production, its manufacture, and marketing for their livelihood (Sridhar 2015:60).
The ingress of man-made polymers poses a threat to the jute industry which is why the diversification of jute products has become an imperative necessity (Sridhar 2015:60). Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association (IJIRA) has developed a number of jute diversified products like Jute Geotextile (JGT) and Jute Agrotextile (JAT) through extensive R & D work utilizing the unique intrinsic properties of jute fibres like high initial tensile strength, low extensibility, high water absorbency, excellent drapability and spinnability (Sridhar 2015:60). Varieties of JGT and JAT namely, woven, non-woven, open mesh woven, pre-fabricated vertical jute drain (PVJD), jute sleeve etc. have been developed by IJIRA with the support of Jute Manufactures Development Council (JMDC). Laboratory study followed by successful field applications has established the efficacy of these products. It is relevant to mention that all geotextiles act as change agents to soil to improve its engineering performance, and its long-term durability is not a technical necessity. Bio-degradability is therefore both a technical and environmental advantage. Man-made geotextiles are questionable from an environmentalist's perspective despite their longer durability. The stress is now on adopting bio-engineering measures to address soil-related problems in civil engineering. The depletion of petroleum reserves and deteriorating environment in the planet should make JGT and JAT more attractive to the end-users. This article indicates the salient properties of JGT and JAT along with references to a few case studies substantiating the efficacy of these two products.
IN THIS PRESENTATION I EXPLAINED ABOUT MEDICAL TEXTILE. THE COMBINATION TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE HAS RESULTS INTO A NEW FIELD CALLED MEDICAL TEXTILE
Yarn printing is also known as “Space Dyeing”. Although the printing of yarns for true patterned effects proved very difficult tom control, the random space-dyed effects that can be more readily attained by a variety of yarn-printing methods have continued to be popular. The patent literature abounds with systems for producing colored flecked effects on yarns but the two most successful methods entail either warp printing or color application to a tubular knitted ‘sock’. The essential process sequence begins with dye liquor application, followed by steam fixation, washing-off and drying .
Presentation on Textiles & GeoTextile Composites done by Saurabh Vyas at ATIRA during One day workshop on GEO Presentation done by Sh Saurabh Vyas during the workshop on GEOTEXTILES IN CIVIL ENGINEERING organized by #IEIGSC in association of iNDEXTb, L D College of Engineering, Ahmedabad & ATIRA
Jute, a natural, eco-friendly biodegradable and annually renewable bast fibre grows abundantly in India and Bangladesh in particular. As reported by Shivani Sridhar, in India, the annual production of jute is of the order of 1.6 million tons with jute sacks being the potent product. Jute industry in India is one of the oldest agro-industries in the world. In India alone about 0.7 million people are dependent on jute production, its manufacture, and marketing for their livelihood (Sridhar 2015:60).
The ingress of man-made polymers poses a threat to the jute industry which is why the diversification of jute products has become an imperative necessity (Sridhar 2015:60). Indian Jute Industries’ Research Association (IJIRA) has developed a number of jute diversified products like Jute Geotextile (JGT) and Jute Agrotextile (JAT) through extensive R & D work utilizing the unique intrinsic properties of jute fibres like high initial tensile strength, low extensibility, high water absorbency, excellent drapability and spinnability (Sridhar 2015:60). Varieties of JGT and JAT namely, woven, non-woven, open mesh woven, pre-fabricated vertical jute drain (PVJD), jute sleeve etc. have been developed by IJIRA with the support of Jute Manufactures Development Council (JMDC). Laboratory study followed by successful field applications has established the efficacy of these products. It is relevant to mention that all geotextiles act as change agents to soil to improve its engineering performance, and its long-term durability is not a technical necessity. Bio-degradability is therefore both a technical and environmental advantage. Man-made geotextiles are questionable from an environmentalist's perspective despite their longer durability. The stress is now on adopting bio-engineering measures to address soil-related problems in civil engineering. The depletion of petroleum reserves and deteriorating environment in the planet should make JGT and JAT more attractive to the end-users. This article indicates the salient properties of JGT and JAT along with references to a few case studies substantiating the efficacy of these two products.
IN THIS PRESENTATION I EXPLAINED ABOUT MEDICAL TEXTILE. THE COMBINATION TEXTILE TECHNOLOGY AND MEDICAL SCIENCE HAS RESULTS INTO A NEW FIELD CALLED MEDICAL TEXTILE
Yarn printing is also known as “Space Dyeing”. Although the printing of yarns for true patterned effects proved very difficult tom control, the random space-dyed effects that can be more readily attained by a variety of yarn-printing methods have continued to be popular. The patent literature abounds with systems for producing colored flecked effects on yarns but the two most successful methods entail either warp printing or color application to a tubular knitted ‘sock’. The essential process sequence begins with dye liquor application, followed by steam fixation, washing-off and drying .
Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrometry (FTIR) and TextileAzmir Latif Beg
Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) is a technique used to obtain an infrared spectrum of absorption or emission of a solid, liquid or gas. FTIR offers quantitative and qualitative analysis for organic and inorganic samples. Fourier Transform Infrared Spectroscopy (FTIR) identifies chemical bonds in fiber. By FTIR we only know the name of fiber is identified. By this technique we can identify the exact composition of fiber like 80 % polyester 20 % cotton.
Flat knitting is a method for producing knitted fabrics in which the work is turned periodically, i.e., the fabric is worked with alternating sides facing the knitter. A "Flat" or Vee Bed knitting machine consists of 2 flat needle beds arranged in an upside-down "V" formation.
There are many safety issues, such as fire, fall accidents, choking, chemical content, etc. It can advise you on which requirements to request with the help of EU regulations related to Product Safety. It is an independent documentation of the safety of your products by ensuring that they comply with EU standards.
Color fastness properties of different reactive dyesAzmir Latif Beg
In knitwear industry, dyeing of cotton knitted fabrics is mostly done with reactive dyes, because of their good fastness properties and versatility of applications. The ease of application, wide shade range, high brilliancy and excellent wet fastness properties make the reactive dyes preferred choice for the dyeing of cellulosic fabrics. The most important characteristic of reactive dyes is the formation of covalent bonds with the substrate to be colored, i.e. the dye forms a chemical bond with cellulose. Fiber reactive dyes are the most permanent of all dye types. Unlike other dyes, it actually forms a covalent bond with the cellulose or protein molecule. Once the bond is formed, what you have is one molecule, as the dye molecule has become an actual part of the cellulose fiber molecule.
GEO TECH TEXTILES
HOME TECH TEXTILES
BUILD TECH TEXTILES
All types and uses and properties given for better understanding
Please share the response either its helpful or not ?
geosynthetic can significantly increases the safety factor, improve performance and reduce costs in comparison with conventional construction alternatives. In the case of embankments on extremely soft foundations, geosynthetics can permit constructions to take place at sites where conventional construction alternatives would be either impossible or prohibitively expensive. It have been successfully used for decades in construction of roads and railways, to fulfil almost all classical functions like separation, protection, filtration, drainage, sealing and reinforcement.
Geotextiles are a kind of geosynthetic material that has become more and more popular over the past fifteen years. The material owes its success in more than 80 applications to a large extent to its resistance to biodegradation. Geotextiles are indeed textiles, however not in the traditional sense of the word. They are no natural materials like cotton, wool or silk. Geotextiles are synthetic fibers that can be made into a flexible, porous, nonwoven needlefelt fabric. They are porous to water flow, to a varying degree.
Water scarcity is the lack of fresh water resources to meet the standard water demand. There are two type of water scarcity. One is physical. The other is economic water scarcity.
Final project report on grocery store management system..pdfKamal Acharya
In today’s fast-changing business environment, it’s extremely important to be able to respond to client needs in the most effective and timely manner. If your customers wish to see your business online and have instant access to your products or services.
Online Grocery Store is an e-commerce website, which retails various grocery products. This project allows viewing various products available enables registered users to purchase desired products instantly using Paytm, UPI payment processor (Instant Pay) and also can place order by using Cash on Delivery (Pay Later) option. This project provides an easy access to Administrators and Managers to view orders placed using Pay Later and Instant Pay options.
In order to develop an e-commerce website, a number of Technologies must be studied and understood. These include multi-tiered architecture, server and client-side scripting techniques, implementation technologies, programming language (such as PHP, HTML, CSS, JavaScript) and MySQL relational databases. This is a project with the objective to develop a basic website where a consumer is provided with a shopping cart website and also to know about the technologies used to develop such a website.
This document will discuss each of the underlying technologies to create and implement an e- commerce website.
NO1 Uk best vashikaran specialist in delhi vashikaran baba near me online vas...Amil Baba Dawood bangali
Contact with Dawood Bhai Just call on +92322-6382012 and we'll help you. We'll solve all your problems within 12 to 24 hours and with 101% guarantee and with astrology systematic. If you want to take any personal or professional advice then also you can call us on +92322-6382012 , ONLINE LOVE PROBLEM & Other all types of Daily Life Problem's.Then CALL or WHATSAPP us on +92322-6382012 and Get all these problems solutions here by Amil Baba DAWOOD BANGALI
#vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore#blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #blackmagicforlove #blackmagicformarriage #aamilbaba #kalajadu #kalailam #taweez #wazifaexpert #jadumantar #vashikaranspecialist #astrologer #palmistry #amliyaat #taweez #manpasandshadi #horoscope #spiritual #lovelife #lovespell #marriagespell#aamilbabainpakistan #amilbabainkarachi #powerfullblackmagicspell #kalajadumantarspecialist #realamilbaba #AmilbabainPakistan #astrologerincanada #astrologerindubai #lovespellsmaster #kalajaduspecialist #lovespellsthatwork #aamilbabainlahore #Amilbabainuk #amilbabainspain #amilbabaindubai #Amilbabainnorway #amilbabainkrachi #amilbabainlahore #amilbabaingujranwalan #amilbabainislamabad
2. Definition
The word ‘Geotextiles’ is a combination of two words. The word
‘Geo’ comes from the Greek word, meaning ‘Earth’, and textiles
“permeable textiles used in
conjunction with soil,
foundation, rock, earth or any
geotechnical engineering-
related material”
“Any permeable textile material used for filtration, drainage, separation,
reinforcement and stabilisation purposes as an integral part of civil
engineering structures of earth, rock or other constructional materials” 2
3. History
Geotextiles can be made from either natural or synthetic fibres
The exploitation of the use of natural fibres in construction can be traced back to the
fifth and fourth millennia BC as described in the Bible (Exodus chapter 5, verse 6–9)
Babylonians 3000 years ago constructed this
Ziggurat using reeds in the form of woven mats
and plaited ropes as reinforcements
The Great Wall of China, completed circa
200 BC, utilised tamarisk branches to
reinforce mixtures of clay and gravel 3
4. Any permeable textile natural or synthetic, used with foundation
soil, rock, earth, or any other geotechnical engineering related
material.
What is a Geotextile?
Geosynthetics are manufactured (not naturally occurring) materials
that are used to withstand and/or enhance the forces of the in-place
earth.
4
5. Method of production Process Form of fibre Polymer
PP/PE bi-component
Continuous filament PP
Heat-bonded
Staple fibre
PP
PP/PE mix
Nonwovens
PP
PET
Staple fibre HDPE
Needle-punched
Continuous filament PP
PET
Nonwoven Geotextiles
Needle Punched nonwoven Thermally bonded nonwoven
5
6. Non woven
• More than 75% of the market utilises
geotextiles made from various nonwoven
fabrics, chiefly staple-fibre needlepunched
and continuous-filament spunbonded
nonwovens.
• Nonwoven materials are normally 25–30%
cheaper than woven materials
6
7. Method of production Process Form of fibre Polymer
Slit-flat tape PP (HDPE)
Wide loom (beam) Fibrillated yarn PP
Wide loom (creel) Multi-filament yarn PET (PA)
Woven
<3.8m loom (beam)
Medium mono filament
with yarn
PP
HDPE
PA
Woven Geotextiles
film tape extruded tape PET multifilamentMonofil
7
8. Woven
• They have a surprisingly wide range of applications and
they are used in lighter weight form as soil separators,
filters and erosion control textiles.
• In heavy weights, they are used for soil reinforcement
in steep embankments and vertical soil walls; the
heavier weight products also tend to be used for the
support of embankments built over soft soils
• Advantage - stress can be absorbed by the warp and
weft yarns and hence by fibres, without much
mechanical elongation
8
9. Method of production Process Form of fibre Polymer
Stitched-bonded
Nonwoven base with multi-
filament stitch yarn
PP or PET nonwoven
PET stitching
Knitted Weft insertion filament yarn PET
Warp knitted Multi-filament yarn PET
Knitted Geotextiles
Knitted base Upper surface 9
10. The mode of operation of a geotextile in any application can
be defined by the following functions:
Functions of Geotextile :Functions of Geotextile :
Separator Reinforcement Drainage
Filter Energy absorberContainer
12. Functions of geotextiles
Filtration – liching of water Drainage - collects and
redirects liquid or gas
Separation – layer between fine
soil and coarse material
Reinforcement - when the stability
of the weak subgrade or soil is
complemented by higher tensile
strength of fabric.
Container - when it holds or protects the
materials such as sand, rocks, fresh concrete12
16. 1. Physical properties:
a) specific gravity
b) weight
c) thickness
d) stiffness
e) density .
2. Mechanical properties:
a) tenacity
b) tensile strength
c) bursting strength
d) drapability
e) compatibility
f) flexibility
g) tearing strength
h) frictional resistance
3. Hydraulic properties:
a) porosity
b) permeability
c) permittivity
d) transitivity
e) turbidity /soil retention
f) filtration length etc.
16
4. Degradation properties:
a) biodegradation
b) hydrolytic degradation
c) photo degradation
d) chemical degradation
e) mechanical degradation
f) other degradation occurring due to
attack of
rodent, termite etc.
5. Endurance properties:
a) elongation
b) abrasion resistance
c) clogging length and flow etc.
Performance Requirements of Geotextile
17. Properties
• mechanical responses,
– ability of a textile to perform work in a stressed environment and its ability to
resist damage in an arduous environment
– The ability to perform work is fundamentally governed by the stiffness of the
textile in tension and its ability to resist creep failure under any given load
condition
• filtration ability
– function is to hold intact a freshly prepared soil surface, so that water may
exude from the soil surface and through the textile without breaking down that
surface
• chemical resistance
– use of textiles in contact with highly acidic peat soils, where in tropical
countries, pH values down to 2 have been encountered
– Industrialised countries
– Ultraviolet light
They are all developed from the combination of the physical form of the
polymer fibres, their textile construction and the polymer chemical
characteristics
17
18. Fibers used
Natural fibres offer high strength, high modulus, low breaking extension and low elasticity.
Some of the plant fibres that
can be used in geotextile
manufacture are jute, sisal,
flax, hemp, abaca, ramie and
coir
18
21. Synthetic
• Synthetic fibres are the main raw materials for
the manufacture of all types of geotextiles
– polypropylene, polyester, polyamide and
polyethylene
• polyester widely used
– exhibits superior creep resistance and tenacity values
– is almost inevitably used when high strengths are
required
– applications where the geotextile is subjected to high
stresses and elevated temperatures
– susceptibility to hydrolytic degradation in soils
exceeding pH 10.
21
22. • PP
– low cost, acceptable tensile properties and
chemical inertness
– disadvantages of polypropylene are its sensitivity
to ultraviolet (UV) radiation and high temperature
and poor creep and mineral oil resistance
• PA
– cost and overall performance render it inferior to
polyester.
22
23. Limitations of synthetic
• Synthetic geotextiles can cost over 10 times as
much per unit area as natural ones
• non-biodegradable and may cause soil
pollution
• The material composition of geotextiles
determines their longevity in the field: natural
products last about two to five years, whereas
synthetic products last >25 years
23
24. • Erosion control geotextiles are made from
natural (jute, coir, sisal, cereal straw and palm
leaves) or synthetic (nylon, polypropylene,
polyester and polyethylene) materials
• Geotextiles are used for separation of two
distinct ground layers, slope stabilization,
vegetation management and soil erosion control.
• Geotextiles are widely used to control on-site and
off-site soil erosion of human-disturbed lands
24
26. Polypropylene Polymer has distinct advantages
1. Resistant to chemical attack
2. Stable to pH between 3 and 13
3. Non-biodegradable
4. Resistant to soil-bound chemicals, landfill leaches, mildew and
insects.
5. Lightest fibre
Polyethylene Terephthalate (PET) Polymer has :
1. Superior Breaking Tenacity (Strength)
2. Superior creep characteristics required in some critical
reinforcement materials.
PET must not be used in contact with soils with pH >9.5
For PET made Geotextiles hydrolytic resistance is required to be
observed.
For Geotextile application in case of PP Oxidative resistance is required
to be observed.
27. 27
Temperature resistance
PET is winning with a melting point of 265o
C versus the 165o
C of PP. This means that
for applications which need temperature resistance e.g. resistance to reflective
cracking in roads, PET is preferable.
Creep
PET by far the best choice.
Chemical resistance
Generally PP is better. PP is preferred for landfills.
Alkali resistance
Again PP is the better choice e.g. in touch with fresh concrete.
UV resistance
This is a PET domain. PP geotextiles should be improved with carbon black for a
better behavior to UV.
28. Technical Requirement for use in subsurface drains
• Breaking load not less than 10 kN/m
• Minimum Failure strain of 10%
• Apparent opening size 0.22mm – 0.43 as soil properties
• Allow water flow @ not less than 10lit/sqm/sec
• Minimum puncture resistance of 200 N
• Minimum tear resistance of 150N
PET is Preferable Than PP
28
29. Technical Requirement for use in Highway Pavement
• Minimum Tensile strength 36.3 Kg
• Elongation 50%
• Asphalt Retention 10 kg/10sqm
• Melting Point 150C
• Surface Texture- heat Bonded on one side only
PP is Preferable Than PET
29
30. Technical Requirement for use in Protection Works
• Aperture : Rectangular, square or oval
• Colour : Black
• Strength : Min 10kN/m
• Elongation: Max 15%
• Life : Min 8 years
PET is Preferable Than PP
30
31. 31
Silt Fence• Prevents storm water from
transporting sediment off-
site
• Alternate for hay bales
• Low elongation (stretch)
important for more support
• Filtration and tensile
strength properties most
important
• Commonly light weight
woven (higher strength)
geotextiles
PET is Preferable Than PP
32. 32
Roadway Separation / Stabilization
• Prevents subgrade from
intermixing with base
course
• Alternate to
undercutting
• Low elongation for
higher modulus
PET is Preferable Than PP